condensed review notes
... Alkanes undergo combustion – they burn very exothermically in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide CO2 and water H2O (this is complete combustion), for example CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) or if oxygen is limited they can produce poisonous carbon monoxide, CO, and/or soot (black carbon, C) also ...
... Alkanes undergo combustion – they burn very exothermically in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide CO2 and water H2O (this is complete combustion), for example CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) or if oxygen is limited they can produce poisonous carbon monoxide, CO, and/or soot (black carbon, C) also ...
MATTER-Ch. 3-homogeneous vs. heterogeneous, elements
... In oxides of nitrogen, such as N2O, NO, NO2, and N2O3, atoms combine in small whole-number ratios. This evidence supports the law of a. conservation of mass. c. definite composition. b. multiple proportions. d. mass action. ____ 17. According to the law of conservation of mass, when sodium, hydrogen ...
... In oxides of nitrogen, such as N2O, NO, NO2, and N2O3, atoms combine in small whole-number ratios. This evidence supports the law of a. conservation of mass. c. definite composition. b. multiple proportions. d. mass action. ____ 17. According to the law of conservation of mass, when sodium, hydrogen ...
Review AGº = -RTlnKº Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc at 25 ºC
... number of each agent. The reducing agent decreases (reduces) the oxidation number of its partner agent. The oxidizing agent increases the oxidation number of its partner agent. reduction: a partial process, known as a halfreaction, in which electrons are gained and oxidation number decreases. oxidat ...
... number of each agent. The reducing agent decreases (reduces) the oxidation number of its partner agent. The oxidizing agent increases the oxidation number of its partner agent. reduction: a partial process, known as a halfreaction, in which electrons are gained and oxidation number decreases. oxidat ...
Full-Text PDF
... organic [6], inorganic [7] or transition metal-based catalysts [8–12] in order to allow the oxygen-transfer reactions to proceed, usually in organic solvents. During the last ten years, we have investigated in depth the possibility of using water as a reaction medium for organoselenium and organosul ...
... organic [6], inorganic [7] or transition metal-based catalysts [8–12] in order to allow the oxygen-transfer reactions to proceed, usually in organic solvents. During the last ten years, we have investigated in depth the possibility of using water as a reaction medium for organoselenium and organosul ...
Document
... Arylamines are much less basic than alkylamines. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen of aniline are conjugated to the -electrons of the aromatic ring and are therefore less available for acid-base chemistry. Protonation disrupts the conjugation. Substitutents can greatly influence the basic ...
... Arylamines are much less basic than alkylamines. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen of aniline are conjugated to the -electrons of the aromatic ring and are therefore less available for acid-base chemistry. Protonation disrupts the conjugation. Substitutents can greatly influence the basic ...
Summer 2008 Exam 3 Key
... molecular substances with O–H bonds, so the attractions broken between water molecules and the attractions broken between acetic acid molecules are hydrogen bonds. The attractions that form between the acetic acid and water molecules are also hydrogen bonds. We expect the hydrogen bonds that form be ...
... molecular substances with O–H bonds, so the attractions broken between water molecules and the attractions broken between acetic acid molecules are hydrogen bonds. The attractions that form between the acetic acid and water molecules are also hydrogen bonds. We expect the hydrogen bonds that form be ...
Chapter 4: Chemical Reactions Elements can be characterized as
... Binary compounds (name the more metallic first, the less metallic second). The less metallic is named by adding –ide to the stem. (pg. 140) Binary ionic (metal cations, nonmetal anions) – cation named first, the anion second (KBrpotassium bromide, NaCl- sodium chloride. Method is good for elements w ...
... Binary compounds (name the more metallic first, the less metallic second). The less metallic is named by adding –ide to the stem. (pg. 140) Binary ionic (metal cations, nonmetal anions) – cation named first, the anion second (KBrpotassium bromide, NaCl- sodium chloride. Method is good for elements w ...
Carbon, because of its valence electrons, can form four bonds and
... Condensation Reaction—a reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine and a molecule of water is produced. Hydrolysis Reaction—a reaction between water and another substance to form one or more new substances (opposite of condensation reaction) Lipids—a type of biological che ...
... Condensation Reaction—a reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine and a molecule of water is produced. Hydrolysis Reaction—a reaction between water and another substance to form one or more new substances (opposite of condensation reaction) Lipids—a type of biological che ...
BOC-ON - Sigma
... 43 Shashoua, V.E.; Jacob. J.N.; Ridge, R.; Campbell, A.; Baldessarini, R. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Esters. I. Synthesis, Brain Uptake and Pharmacological studies of Aliphatic and Steroid Esters of γ-Aminobutyric Acid. J. Med. Chem. 1984, 27, 659. 44 Shoelson, S.; Fickova, M.; Haneda, M.; Nahum, A.; Mus ...
... 43 Shashoua, V.E.; Jacob. J.N.; Ridge, R.; Campbell, A.; Baldessarini, R. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Esters. I. Synthesis, Brain Uptake and Pharmacological studies of Aliphatic and Steroid Esters of γ-Aminobutyric Acid. J. Med. Chem. 1984, 27, 659. 44 Shoelson, S.; Fickova, M.; Haneda, M.; Nahum, A.; Mus ...
OrganicChemistry
... = one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced by an –OH group (called a hydroxyl group) Note: The –OH group does not dissociate, and therefore alcohols - named by citing the location of the –OH are not bases/electrolytes. However, the –OH group does make group and changing the ending to ...
... = one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced by an –OH group (called a hydroxyl group) Note: The –OH group does not dissociate, and therefore alcohols - named by citing the location of the –OH are not bases/electrolytes. However, the –OH group does make group and changing the ending to ...
2.10 Reactions of alcohols
... 2.10 Reactions of alcohols c. describe the following chemistry of alcohols: i. combustion ii. reaction with sodium iii. substitution reactions to form halogenoalkanes, including reaction with PCl5 and its use as a qualitative test for the presence of the –OH group iv. oxidation using potassium dichr ...
... 2.10 Reactions of alcohols c. describe the following chemistry of alcohols: i. combustion ii. reaction with sodium iii. substitution reactions to form halogenoalkanes, including reaction with PCl5 and its use as a qualitative test for the presence of the –OH group iv. oxidation using potassium dichr ...
Alcohols General formula R-OH hydroxyl group Nomenclature
... The benzylic cation is more stable than a tertiary carbocation. ...
... The benzylic cation is more stable than a tertiary carbocation. ...
Document
... So, the first stage can be viewed as both electrophilic substitution on the ring by the electron – deficient carbon of formaldehyde , and nucleophilic addition of the aromatic ring to the carbonyl group. ...
... So, the first stage can be viewed as both electrophilic substitution on the ring by the electron – deficient carbon of formaldehyde , and nucleophilic addition of the aromatic ring to the carbonyl group. ...
Brønsted acid
... Copper wire reacts with silver nitrate to form silver metal. What is the oxidizing agent in the reaction? ...
... Copper wire reacts with silver nitrate to form silver metal. What is the oxidizing agent in the reaction? ...
Unit 10
... Determine the types of reactants involved and the products formed in the reaction. Write down the correct formulae of reactants on the left hand side of the arrow. Write down the correct formulae of products on the right hand side of the arrow. Balance the equation with simple whole numbers such tha ...
... Determine the types of reactants involved and the products formed in the reaction. Write down the correct formulae of reactants on the left hand side of the arrow. Write down the correct formulae of products on the right hand side of the arrow. Balance the equation with simple whole numbers such tha ...
2011
... The oxidation of ammonia produces nitrogen and water, 4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O. If the rate of formation of N2 is 2.0 mol dm-3 s-1, then the rate at which A) H2O is being formed is 2.0 mol dm-3 s-1. B) NH3 reacts is 4.0 mol dm-3 s-1. C) O2 reacts is 1.5 mol dm-3 s-1. D) H2O is being formed is 0.67 mo ...
... The oxidation of ammonia produces nitrogen and water, 4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O. If the rate of formation of N2 is 2.0 mol dm-3 s-1, then the rate at which A) H2O is being formed is 2.0 mol dm-3 s-1. B) NH3 reacts is 4.0 mol dm-3 s-1. C) O2 reacts is 1.5 mol dm-3 s-1. D) H2O is being formed is 0.67 mo ...
Student Worksheet Part 1 Synthesis w/ answers
... cadmium myristate inverse micelle. The head themselves to form inverse micelles. In this way, group comprises the cadmium ion and the the tails are in contact with one another and the carboxylic groups, while the tails are the C13H27 solvent, while the solvent repelling hydrophilic alkyl chains. hea ...
... cadmium myristate inverse micelle. The head themselves to form inverse micelles. In this way, group comprises the cadmium ion and the the tails are in contact with one another and the carboxylic groups, while the tails are the C13H27 solvent, while the solvent repelling hydrophilic alkyl chains. hea ...
2010 - SAASTA
... flour and eggs) is always allowed to stand for some time before cooking to allow the batter to thicken. The reason the batter thickens is: A. water evaporates from the mixture B. disulfide bonds form between proteins in the flour C. unsaturated lipids in the egg become saturated D. all of the above ...
... flour and eggs) is always allowed to stand for some time before cooking to allow the batter to thicken. The reason the batter thickens is: A. water evaporates from the mixture B. disulfide bonds form between proteins in the flour C. unsaturated lipids in the egg become saturated D. all of the above ...
Discussion 8
... Both diagrams and graphs are used in chemistry to help represent physical phenomena. The most common graphs show the relationship of two variables, such as distance and time, or frequency and wavelength. Diagrams, however, are a bit tricker. Diagrams can come in a number of different structures and ...
... Both diagrams and graphs are used in chemistry to help represent physical phenomena. The most common graphs show the relationship of two variables, such as distance and time, or frequency and wavelength. Diagrams, however, are a bit tricker. Diagrams can come in a number of different structures and ...
Chemistry 106: General Chemistry
... I. Sodium (Na), has a larger atomic radius than Cesium (Cs). II. The first ionization energy of an atom generally increases moving left to right across a period because the effective nuclear charge, Zeff, increases in that direction. III. An atom of Phosphorus (P), releases more energy (becomes more ...
... I. Sodium (Na), has a larger atomic radius than Cesium (Cs). II. The first ionization energy of an atom generally increases moving left to right across a period because the effective nuclear charge, Zeff, increases in that direction. III. An atom of Phosphorus (P), releases more energy (becomes more ...
know thy reference tables!
... Which characteristics both generally decrease when the elements in Period 3 on the Periodic Table are considered in order from left to right? (1) nonmetallic properties and atomic radius (2) nonmetallic properties and ionization energy (3) metallic properties and atomic radius (4) metallic propertie ...
... Which characteristics both generally decrease when the elements in Period 3 on the Periodic Table are considered in order from left to right? (1) nonmetallic properties and atomic radius (2) nonmetallic properties and ionization energy (3) metallic properties and atomic radius (4) metallic propertie ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.