2011-2012 ACAD REVIEW SHEET Chapter 16
... Ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen in the reaction N 2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g). At 500C, the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 0.080. Given that [NH 3] = 0.0596 M, [N2] = 0.600 M, and [H2] = 0.420 M, find Q and predict how the reaction will proceed. (ANS: Q = 0.0800 which is eq ...
... Ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen in the reaction N 2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g). At 500C, the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 0.080. Given that [NH 3] = 0.0596 M, [N2] = 0.600 M, and [H2] = 0.420 M, find Q and predict how the reaction will proceed. (ANS: Q = 0.0800 which is eq ...
chemistry and biological role of carbohydrates in the body-1
... oxygen atoms are single bonded to a central carbon atom) ...
... oxygen atoms are single bonded to a central carbon atom) ...
Chapter 12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
... 3. The boiling point of aldehydes and ketones are higher than hydrocarbons and ethers of comparable molecular mass due to high magnitude of dipole-dipole interactions. 4. Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling point than those of alcohols of similar molecular www.ncerthelp.com (Visit for all ncert ...
... 3. The boiling point of aldehydes and ketones are higher than hydrocarbons and ethers of comparable molecular mass due to high magnitude of dipole-dipole interactions. 4. Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling point than those of alcohols of similar molecular www.ncerthelp.com (Visit for all ncert ...
Crystallization and Determination of Melting and Boiling Points
... Chromatography is a sophisticated separation method. Its versatility results from many adjustable factors which include: 1. Types of adsorbent 2. Types of solvent, which relates to the polarity of the mobile phase 3. Column size, both length and diameter, relative to the amount of mixtures 4. Rate o ...
... Chromatography is a sophisticated separation method. Its versatility results from many adjustable factors which include: 1. Types of adsorbent 2. Types of solvent, which relates to the polarity of the mobile phase 3. Column size, both length and diameter, relative to the amount of mixtures 4. Rate o ...
Dehydration of ROH
... depends primarily on the degree of stabilization and solvation of the alkoxide ion. • The negatively charged oxygens of methoxide and ethoxide are about as accessible as the oxygen of hydroxide ion for solvation; these alcohol are about as acidic as water. • As the bulk of the alkyl group increases, ...
... depends primarily on the degree of stabilization and solvation of the alkoxide ion. • The negatively charged oxygens of methoxide and ethoxide are about as accessible as the oxygen of hydroxide ion for solvation; these alcohol are about as acidic as water. • As the bulk of the alkyl group increases, ...
2. The Magic of Chemical Reactions
... Respiration is a physical change. According to the law of constant proportion, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. Antioxidants are used to prevent oxidation of food containing fats and oils. The reaction between iron sulphide and dilute sulphuric acid is exot ...
... Respiration is a physical change. According to the law of constant proportion, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. Antioxidants are used to prevent oxidation of food containing fats and oils. The reaction between iron sulphide and dilute sulphuric acid is exot ...
Chemistry (English) Grade 11 and 12
... line. The meaning of a positive slope is that the values on the y axis are increasing together with an increase in the values on the x-axis. Now analyze the question - that means make sure you understand what is actually being asked. Let us analyze the first question ((a)). (Make sure you know what ...
... line. The meaning of a positive slope is that the values on the y axis are increasing together with an increase in the values on the x-axis. Now analyze the question - that means make sure you understand what is actually being asked. Let us analyze the first question ((a)). (Make sure you know what ...
Step 2
... Now they both have a ____ outer shell and are more _____. The formula for this molecule is H2. When two or more atoms bond by sharing electrons we call it ____________ BONDING. This type of bonding normally occurs between _______ atoms. It causes the atoms in a molecule to be held together very stro ...
... Now they both have a ____ outer shell and are more _____. The formula for this molecule is H2. When two or more atoms bond by sharing electrons we call it ____________ BONDING. This type of bonding normally occurs between _______ atoms. It causes the atoms in a molecule to be held together very stro ...
Questions 3-4 from AP exam 2006
... 3. Answer the following questions that relate to the analysis of chemical compounds. (a) A compound containing the elements C , H , N , and O is analyzed. When a 1.2359 g sample is burned in excess oxygen, 2.241 g of CO2(g) is formed. The combustion analysis also showed that the sample contained 0.0 ...
... 3. Answer the following questions that relate to the analysis of chemical compounds. (a) A compound containing the elements C , H , N , and O is analyzed. When a 1.2359 g sample is burned in excess oxygen, 2.241 g of CO2(g) is formed. The combustion analysis also showed that the sample contained 0.0 ...
Step 2 - The Grange School Blogs
... Now they both have a ____ outer shell and are more _____. The formula for this molecule is H2. When two or more atoms bond by sharing electrons we call it ____________ BONDING. This type of bonding normally occurs between _______ atoms. It causes the atoms in a molecule to be held together very stro ...
... Now they both have a ____ outer shell and are more _____. The formula for this molecule is H2. When two or more atoms bond by sharing electrons we call it ____________ BONDING. This type of bonding normally occurs between _______ atoms. It causes the atoms in a molecule to be held together very stro ...
CHAPTER 17: Carbonyl group (1)
... presence of H2O and acid exists in the form of a hydrate. The hydrate is then further oxidized to the carboxylic acid. Secondary alcohols produce ketones, while tertiary alcohols remain intact. ...
... presence of H2O and acid exists in the form of a hydrate. The hydrate is then further oxidized to the carboxylic acid. Secondary alcohols produce ketones, while tertiary alcohols remain intact. ...
List of Objectives for Chem52
... periodinane, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), pyridinium dichromate (PDC), Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4, or CrO3, or KMnO4/NaOH/H2O. (Dess-Martin periodinane, PCC and PDC will oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones. Chromic acid, chromium trioxide, and permanganate will oxidize pr ...
... periodinane, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), pyridinium dichromate (PDC), Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4, or CrO3, or KMnO4/NaOH/H2O. (Dess-Martin periodinane, PCC and PDC will oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones. Chromic acid, chromium trioxide, and permanganate will oxidize pr ...
Worked_Examples
... a. The 1-butanol loses —OH from carbon 1 and H— from carbon 2 to form 1-butene. This is the only possible product. CH3—CH2—CH CH2 b. For the dehydration of an asymmetrical alcohol, we use Saytzeff’s rule to remove —OH from carbon 2 and H— from carbon 3, which has the smaller number of H atoms. The m ...
... a. The 1-butanol loses —OH from carbon 1 and H— from carbon 2 to form 1-butene. This is the only possible product. CH3—CH2—CH CH2 b. For the dehydration of an asymmetrical alcohol, we use Saytzeff’s rule to remove —OH from carbon 2 and H— from carbon 3, which has the smaller number of H atoms. The m ...
contents 2002 MAY
... L(G)=D(G)-A(G) where D(G) is the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees. We establish a relation between the largest eigenvalues of A(G) and L(G) in case of the molecular graphs of alkanes. This relation is linear, but differs for alkanes with and without a quaternary carbon atom, revealing the main feat ...
... L(G)=D(G)-A(G) where D(G) is the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees. We establish a relation between the largest eigenvalues of A(G) and L(G) in case of the molecular graphs of alkanes. This relation is linear, but differs for alkanes with and without a quaternary carbon atom, revealing the main feat ...
Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry-II
... As expected, the reaction products after decompression and quenching with hydrochloric acid and ice-water were pivalic acid, tert-butyl isobutenyl ketone, (in the absence of a hydride donor, this unsaturated ketone replaced the saturated congener, and no isopropyl methyl ketone by rearrangement of t ...
... As expected, the reaction products after decompression and quenching with hydrochloric acid and ice-water were pivalic acid, tert-butyl isobutenyl ketone, (in the absence of a hydride donor, this unsaturated ketone replaced the saturated congener, and no isopropyl methyl ketone by rearrangement of t ...
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
... • Low boiling points, usually volatile liquids (combustible/explosive) • Have pleasant odours and tastes • Used as perfumes and artificial flavours ...
... • Low boiling points, usually volatile liquids (combustible/explosive) • Have pleasant odours and tastes • Used as perfumes and artificial flavours ...
Sugar Amino Acids - The Krasavin research group
... displacement was also applied for the generation of epimeric azido esters containing a glucofuranosyl moiety from glucoheptonolactone. In this case, the furanoid species was generated from a γ-lactone (Scheme 7.4). These protected molecules were further reduced to the corresponding amino esters, and ...
... displacement was also applied for the generation of epimeric azido esters containing a glucofuranosyl moiety from glucoheptonolactone. In this case, the furanoid species was generated from a γ-lactone (Scheme 7.4). These protected molecules were further reduced to the corresponding amino esters, and ...
Microbial Production of D
... Screening and assay method for D-malate-producing strains. Cells harvested from 1 ml of the cultured medium were incubated with 20 mg of maleate, 10 RI of toluene, and 25 ,umol of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in a total volume of 1.0 ml. The reaction was performed at 28°C for 4 h with vigorous shaking. ...
... Screening and assay method for D-malate-producing strains. Cells harvested from 1 ml of the cultured medium were incubated with 20 mg of maleate, 10 RI of toluene, and 25 ,umol of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in a total volume of 1.0 ml. The reaction was performed at 28°C for 4 h with vigorous shaking. ...
Chapter 8
... equation and on the product side of an equation. The top row in a chart gives the number and types of atoms on the reactant side and the bottom row gives the number and types of atoms on the product side of a chemical equation. Using a chart may make it easier to see where coefficients are needed in ...
... equation and on the product side of an equation. The top row in a chart gives the number and types of atoms on the reactant side and the bottom row gives the number and types of atoms on the product side of a chemical equation. Using a chart may make it easier to see where coefficients are needed in ...
A-level Chemistry Question paper Unit 4 - Further Physical
... (c) State the effect of an increase in temperature on the position of this equilibrium and on the value of Kc for this reaction. Effect on position of equilibrium ....................................................................................... Effect on the value of Kc ....................... ...
... (c) State the effect of an increase in temperature on the position of this equilibrium and on the value of Kc for this reaction. Effect on position of equilibrium ....................................................................................... Effect on the value of Kc ....................... ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.