幻灯片 1
... The compound is termed as ortho if the two substituents are on the adjacent carbon atoms. In IUPAC system to indicate these positions are 1, 2. (b) Meta. The compound is termed as meta if the two substituents are on alternate carbon atom. In IUPAC system to indicate these position are 1, 3. (c) Par ...
... The compound is termed as ortho if the two substituents are on the adjacent carbon atoms. In IUPAC system to indicate these positions are 1, 2. (b) Meta. The compound is termed as meta if the two substituents are on alternate carbon atom. In IUPAC system to indicate these position are 1, 3. (c) Par ...
Homework,1 Atoms, molecules, and ions
... 6- Calculate the mass percent of nitrogen in HNO3. a) 45.2% b) 25.0% c) 22.2% d) 20.0% e) none of these 7- You are setting up a reaction between two chemicals that react according to the equation 3 A + 4 B products. If you start with 1.00 mole each of both A and B, which chemical will be in exces ...
... 6- Calculate the mass percent of nitrogen in HNO3. a) 45.2% b) 25.0% c) 22.2% d) 20.0% e) none of these 7- You are setting up a reaction between two chemicals that react according to the equation 3 A + 4 B products. If you start with 1.00 mole each of both A and B, which chemical will be in exces ...
Alcohols - City University of New York
... 1. Nucleophilic substitution on tertiary halides invokes the carbocation but nucleophilic substitution on primary RX avoids the carbocation by requiring the nucleophile to become involved immediately. 2. The E2 reaction requires the strong base to become involved immediately. ...
... 1. Nucleophilic substitution on tertiary halides invokes the carbocation but nucleophilic substitution on primary RX avoids the carbocation by requiring the nucleophile to become involved immediately. 2. The E2 reaction requires the strong base to become involved immediately. ...
Full Article-PDF - UNC
... protecting groups. While a variety of useful hydroxyl protecting groups are available, l, 2 occasionally, a situation arises which cannot be resolved by existing protecting group technology. During the course of recent efforts directed toward the synthesis of the magellanane alkaloids, the intramole ...
... protecting groups. While a variety of useful hydroxyl protecting groups are available, l, 2 occasionally, a situation arises which cannot be resolved by existing protecting group technology. During the course of recent efforts directed toward the synthesis of the magellanane alkaloids, the intramole ...
Carbohydrates important reactions
... functions; and because of the facile interconversion of ketoses and aldoses under the basic conditions of this test, ketoses such as fructose also react and are classified as reducing sugars. When the aldehyde function of an aldose is oxidized to a carboxylic acid the product is called an aldonic ac ...
... functions; and because of the facile interconversion of ketoses and aldoses under the basic conditions of this test, ketoses such as fructose also react and are classified as reducing sugars. When the aldehyde function of an aldose is oxidized to a carboxylic acid the product is called an aldonic ac ...
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
... Explain the relative acidity of alcohols by means of either the resonance or inductive effect. Predict the products of alcohols in the following reactions: dehydrations and oxidations. Compare alcohols to thiols in terms of reactivity Describe the physiological significance of thiols Identify ethers ...
... Explain the relative acidity of alcohols by means of either the resonance or inductive effect. Predict the products of alcohols in the following reactions: dehydrations and oxidations. Compare alcohols to thiols in terms of reactivity Describe the physiological significance of thiols Identify ethers ...
Topic 6 Kinetics File
... Average bond enthalpy: The average enthalpy change of breaking one mole of a bond in a gaseous atom into its constituent gaseous atoms. Born-Haber cycle: Energy cycles for the formation of ionic compounds. If there is little agreement between the theoretical and experimental values, this could indic ...
... Average bond enthalpy: The average enthalpy change of breaking one mole of a bond in a gaseous atom into its constituent gaseous atoms. Born-Haber cycle: Energy cycles for the formation of ionic compounds. If there is little agreement between the theoretical and experimental values, this could indic ...
A Straightforward Route to Enantiopure Pyrrolizidines and
... m/z values in %, relative to the base peak (= 100%). Gas chromatographic (GC) analyses were performed using a Dani 3800 instrument with a flame-ionisation detector (FID) and split/splitless injector, 15-m PS-086 column, carrier gas hydrogen, temperature program 50-330°C, injector temp. 40-300°C, det ...
... m/z values in %, relative to the base peak (= 100%). Gas chromatographic (GC) analyses were performed using a Dani 3800 instrument with a flame-ionisation detector (FID) and split/splitless injector, 15-m PS-086 column, carrier gas hydrogen, temperature program 50-330°C, injector temp. 40-300°C, det ...
Functional Groups
... A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions. In other words, a substituent group other than an alkyl group. Most organic chemistry is functionalgroup chemistry. We will do one functional group. ...
... A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions. In other words, a substituent group other than an alkyl group. Most organic chemistry is functionalgroup chemistry. We will do one functional group. ...
intermediate chemistry may 2011 marking scheme
... point of magnesium is much higher than that of sodium. Both are metals and have mobile electrons in a delocalized state which can conduct current. (2) For Mg, each atom contributes 2 electrons to the electron sea not 1 as for Na and hence the bonding between metal ion and electron sea is greater (3) ...
... point of magnesium is much higher than that of sodium. Both are metals and have mobile electrons in a delocalized state which can conduct current. (2) For Mg, each atom contributes 2 electrons to the electron sea not 1 as for Na and hence the bonding between metal ion and electron sea is greater (3) ...
Preparation of Esters
... Esters are a group of organic compounds best known for their interesting odors and flavors. Many natural odors and flavors were discovered to be esters and therefore, many synthesized esters are used in perfumes and foods. ...
... Esters are a group of organic compounds best known for their interesting odors and flavors. Many natural odors and flavors were discovered to be esters and therefore, many synthesized esters are used in perfumes and foods. ...
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS COMPLEX
... The primary valence is the oxidation number (positive charge) of the metal (usually 2+ or 3+) The secondary valence is the number of atoms that are directly bonded (coordinated) to the metal The secondary valence is also termed the “coordination number” of the metal in a coordination complex ...
... The primary valence is the oxidation number (positive charge) of the metal (usually 2+ or 3+) The secondary valence is the number of atoms that are directly bonded (coordinated) to the metal The secondary valence is also termed the “coordination number” of the metal in a coordination complex ...
Lectures 29-31
... Co-ordination complexes are compounds in which several ligands are co-ordinated to a transition metal cation. A ligand is any substance (neutral or anion) which can act as a Lewis base, donating electrons to the transition metal cation (which acts as a Lewis acid). If the complex has a charge, it is ...
... Co-ordination complexes are compounds in which several ligands are co-ordinated to a transition metal cation. A ligand is any substance (neutral or anion) which can act as a Lewis base, donating electrons to the transition metal cation (which acts as a Lewis acid). If the complex has a charge, it is ...
16.18 Summary
... polyethers, called crown ethers, are particularly effective in coordinating with Na+ and K+, and salts of these cations can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents when crown ethers are present. Under these conditions the rates of many reactions that involve anions are accelerated. ...
... polyethers, called crown ethers, are particularly effective in coordinating with Na+ and K+, and salts of these cations can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents when crown ethers are present. Under these conditions the rates of many reactions that involve anions are accelerated. ...
Substitution in Octahedral Metal Complexes
... Substitution in Octahedral Metal Complexes (continued) ...
... Substitution in Octahedral Metal Complexes (continued) ...
2.12 Noncovalent Interactions between Molecules Noncovalent
... One side of the molecule may have a slight excess of electrons relative to the opposite side, giving the molecule a temporary dipole Temporary dipole in one molecule causes a nearby molecule to adopt a temporarily opposite dipole resulting in a small attraction between the two molecules Arise becaus ...
... One side of the molecule may have a slight excess of electrons relative to the opposite side, giving the molecule a temporary dipole Temporary dipole in one molecule causes a nearby molecule to adopt a temporarily opposite dipole resulting in a small attraction between the two molecules Arise becaus ...
CH 2
... • In hydration, H and OH from water add to the carbon atoms of a double bond or triple bond to form alcohols (OH). • The reaction is catalyzed by acid H+. ...
... • In hydration, H and OH from water add to the carbon atoms of a double bond or triple bond to form alcohols (OH). • The reaction is catalyzed by acid H+. ...
Solid Manganese Dioxide as an Oxidizing Agent
... of the hydrosulfate, m.p. 176' (reported14 176"). \Then this procedure was carried out by stirring 206 mg. of codrine over 2.0 g. of manganese dioxide for 20 minutes, the crude product obtained by concentration of the chloroform solution had the m.p. 176-177" (reported'? 185-186"); E?.
... of the hydrosulfate, m.p. 176' (reported14 176"). \Then this procedure was carried out by stirring 206 mg. of codrine over 2.0 g. of manganese dioxide for 20 minutes, the crude product obtained by concentration of the chloroform solution had the m.p. 176-177" (reported'? 185-186"); E?.
Available - Ggu.ac.in
... But in case of V(CO)6 , due to the enhanced negative charge on the metal this M C, πback bonding interaction gets increased, as a result V-C bond length decreased from 200 pm to 193 pm. (vii) Receptor and Substrate: Receptors are the species those can select one of many possible binding partners to ...
... But in case of V(CO)6 , due to the enhanced negative charge on the metal this M C, πback bonding interaction gets increased, as a result V-C bond length decreased from 200 pm to 193 pm. (vii) Receptor and Substrate: Receptors are the species those can select one of many possible binding partners to ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.