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CHAPTER 15
CHAPTER 15

... (1) Aldehydes and ketones readily undergo oxidation to carboxylic acids. (2) Propanone and dimethyl ketone are two names for the same compound. (3) The “silver mirror test” distinguishes between aldehydes and ketones. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only ...
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... alkenes to give Markovnikov product (see Alkenes chapter)  Alkyl dihalide from anti addition of bromine or chlorine ...
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... Co-ordination complexes are compounds in which several ligands are co-ordinated to a transition metal cation. A ligand is any substance (neutral or anion) which can act as a Lewis base, donating electrons to the transition metal cation (which acts as a Lewis acid). If the complex has a charge, it is ...
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LP6 – Feb 26 Blank Notes

... Alkyl halides: branches of group 7 atoms (Naming rule: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-) Alcohols: molecules containing a hydroxyl group (R-OH) (Naming rule: drop the -e, add -ol) Aldehydes molecules wih a C=O (carboxyl group) on an end of the molecule (Naming rule: drop the -e, add –al) ...
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AS 2, Module 2

... Answer all ten questions in Section A. Record your answers by marking the appropriate letter on the answer sheet provided. Use only the spaces numbered 1 to 10. Keep in sequence when answering. Answer all seven questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. ...
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Hydroformylation



Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.
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