Diels-Alder Reaction
... The Diels-Alder reaction is probably the most familiar example of a reaction type known as a cycloaddition reaction, in which the conjugated p-systems of two reactants join to generate a new ring. The reactants in the Diels-Alder reaction are a 1,3-diene and an alkene called the dienophile. The carb ...
... The Diels-Alder reaction is probably the most familiar example of a reaction type known as a cycloaddition reaction, in which the conjugated p-systems of two reactants join to generate a new ring. The reactants in the Diels-Alder reaction are a 1,3-diene and an alkene called the dienophile. The carb ...
l - CMatthews
... 5. An electrochemical cell consists of silver and copper electrodes immersed in 1.0 mol solutions of silver nitrate and copper (II) nitrate respectively. Potassium chloride solution is in the salt bridge. a) Write the half cell reactions that occur at each electrode. b) Write the cell reaction and c ...
... 5. An electrochemical cell consists of silver and copper electrodes immersed in 1.0 mol solutions of silver nitrate and copper (II) nitrate respectively. Potassium chloride solution is in the salt bridge. a) Write the half cell reactions that occur at each electrode. b) Write the cell reaction and c ...
Properties of , -Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
... 18-11 Conjugate Additions of Enolate Ions: Michael Addition and Robinson Annulation Enolate ions undergo conjugate additions to ,-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in a reaction called the Michael addition. ...
... 18-11 Conjugate Additions of Enolate Ions: Michael Addition and Robinson Annulation Enolate ions undergo conjugate additions to ,-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in a reaction called the Michael addition. ...
Chapter 15
... carbon by promoting radical conditions and not using a lewis acid catalyst • Examples: • Mechanism: ...
... carbon by promoting radical conditions and not using a lewis acid catalyst • Examples: • Mechanism: ...
Contents - New Age International
... two hydrogen atoms in their molecular formulae. (Note that alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are also different homologous series). Isomerism: In carbon compounds, different compounds are formed with different structures with the same molecular formula. These compounds are called isomers and the phenomen ...
... two hydrogen atoms in their molecular formulae. (Note that alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are also different homologous series). Isomerism: In carbon compounds, different compounds are formed with different structures with the same molecular formula. These compounds are called isomers and the phenomen ...
Reactions of Alcohols
... Produces alkyl chloride, SO2, HCl S bonds to -OH, Cl leaves Cl- abstracts H+ from OH C-O bond breaks as Cl transferred to C Chapter 11 ...
... Produces alkyl chloride, SO2, HCl S bonds to -OH, Cl leaves Cl- abstracts H+ from OH C-O bond breaks as Cl transferred to C Chapter 11 ...
CHAPTER 4 CARBON AND THE MOLECULAR
... distinction between organic compounds that seemed to arise only in living organisms and inorganic compounds from the nonliving world. This led early organic chemists to propose vitalism, the belief in a life outside the limits of physical and chemical laws. Support for vitalism began to wane as ...
... distinction between organic compounds that seemed to arise only in living organisms and inorganic compounds from the nonliving world. This led early organic chemists to propose vitalism, the belief in a life outside the limits of physical and chemical laws. Support for vitalism began to wane as ...
Nuggets of Knowledge for Chapter 10 – Alkyl Halides II Chem 2310 I
... ◦ NaNH2 has a conjugate acid pKa of 36, while tert-butoxide has a conjugate acid pKa of 18. This makes it 1018 more basic, which is a whole different level of “strong base.” ◦ Using these much stronger bases, vinyl halides can form alkynes, and aryl halides can form benzynes. Alkynes are stable prod ...
... ◦ NaNH2 has a conjugate acid pKa of 36, while tert-butoxide has a conjugate acid pKa of 18. This makes it 1018 more basic, which is a whole different level of “strong base.” ◦ Using these much stronger bases, vinyl halides can form alkynes, and aryl halides can form benzynes. Alkynes are stable prod ...
Chains and Rings: Organic Chemistry
... fractions - those used as petrol and kerosene. Often more longer chain alkanes are produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil than are actually required. One solution is to break these long-chain alkanes into shorter-chain alkanes - a process carried out on an industrial scale and known ...
... fractions - those used as petrol and kerosene. Often more longer chain alkanes are produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil than are actually required. One solution is to break these long-chain alkanes into shorter-chain alkanes - a process carried out on an industrial scale and known ...
Orbitals - drjosephryan.com
... Acetal and hemiacetal groups are common in carbohydrate chemistry • Glucose, a polyhydroxy aldehyde, undergoes intramolecular nucleophilic addition • Exists primarily as a cyclic hemiacetal ...
... Acetal and hemiacetal groups are common in carbohydrate chemistry • Glucose, a polyhydroxy aldehyde, undergoes intramolecular nucleophilic addition • Exists primarily as a cyclic hemiacetal ...
1. All the questions are compulsory. 2. Q. N
... Use of calculators is not allowed, use log tables wherever required. 1. Name the non stoichiometric point defect responsible for colour in alkali metal halides. 2. What is shape selective catalysis? 3. Amongst the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical ch ...
... Use of calculators is not allowed, use log tables wherever required. 1. Name the non stoichiometric point defect responsible for colour in alkali metal halides. 2. What is shape selective catalysis? 3. Amongst the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical ch ...
Alkane
... α-carbon. This will make the C less open to attack by the OH- in forming the transition state. 2.The effect of solvent. If the solvent is itself Nu, it may participate in the reaction as a reagent. 3.The nature of X. The weaker the C-X bond, the more readily will the sub. take place. Alternatively, ...
... α-carbon. This will make the C less open to attack by the OH- in forming the transition state. 2.The effect of solvent. If the solvent is itself Nu, it may participate in the reaction as a reagent. 3.The nature of X. The weaker the C-X bond, the more readily will the sub. take place. Alternatively, ...
THE CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND
... nitrogen - amides with alkyl or other substituents on N cannot be dehydrated. (2) SOCl2 is thionyl chloride and POCl3 is phosphorus oxychloride. Both are powerful dehydrating agents. Reactivity of Nitriles: ...
... nitrogen - amides with alkyl or other substituents on N cannot be dehydrated. (2) SOCl2 is thionyl chloride and POCl3 is phosphorus oxychloride. Both are powerful dehydrating agents. Reactivity of Nitriles: ...
Chemistry - CBSE Academic
... Use of calculators is not allowed, use log tables wherever required. 1. Name the non stoichiometric point defect responsible for colour in alkali metal halides. 2. What is shape selective catalysis? 3. Amongst the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical ch ...
... Use of calculators is not allowed, use log tables wherever required. 1. Name the non stoichiometric point defect responsible for colour in alkali metal halides. 2. What is shape selective catalysis? 3. Amongst the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical ch ...
Alcohols , Phenols and Ethers easy notes
... which have electron releasing inductive effect. In phenol, the hydroxyl group is directly attached to the sp2 hybridised carbon of benzene ring. Whereas in alcohols, the hydroxyl group is attached to the sp3 hybridised carbon of the alkyl group. The sp2 hybridised carbon has higher electronegativity ...
... which have electron releasing inductive effect. In phenol, the hydroxyl group is directly attached to the sp2 hybridised carbon of benzene ring. Whereas in alcohols, the hydroxyl group is attached to the sp3 hybridised carbon of the alkyl group. The sp2 hybridised carbon has higher electronegativity ...
Benzene, amines, amino acids and polymers File
... • The simplest and most important arene is benzene. Unfortunately, benzene is toxic and mildly carcinogenic, so it cannot be used except in research and certain industrial processes. Fortunately, the reactions of benzene are also given by many of its derivatives and in the experiments below you will ...
... • The simplest and most important arene is benzene. Unfortunately, benzene is toxic and mildly carcinogenic, so it cannot be used except in research and certain industrial processes. Fortunately, the reactions of benzene are also given by many of its derivatives and in the experiments below you will ...
File
... • Of course, other elements are also important, but they’re often found in small amounts. • They may seem insignificant, but they’re not. • For example, iron makes up only 0.004% of your body mass, but you can’t live without it! ...
... • Of course, other elements are also important, but they’re often found in small amounts. • They may seem insignificant, but they’re not. • For example, iron makes up only 0.004% of your body mass, but you can’t live without it! ...
Organic Tutorial 1st Year HT01
... deuteration, racemisation; enol ethers (compare with acetals) and enol esters. 3. Alkylation: stabilised and non-stablised enolates; pKa of substrate and choice of base. Acetoacetic ester and malonate synthesis. Simple ketone enolates. C versus O alkylation. Regioselectivity, formation of specific e ...
... deuteration, racemisation; enol ethers (compare with acetals) and enol esters. 3. Alkylation: stabilised and non-stablised enolates; pKa of substrate and choice of base. Acetoacetic ester and malonate synthesis. Simple ketone enolates. C versus O alkylation. Regioselectivity, formation of specific e ...
Title Carbonyl reduction with CaH2 and R3SiCl catalyzed by ZnCl2
... 1. N. Greeves, In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; B. M. Trost and I. Fleming, Eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991, vol. 9, p. 1. J. Seyden-Penne, Reductions by the Alumino- and Borohydrides in Organic Synthesis; VHC: 1991. 2. Ohkuma, T.; Hashiguchi, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1994, ...
... 1. N. Greeves, In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; B. M. Trost and I. Fleming, Eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991, vol. 9, p. 1. J. Seyden-Penne, Reductions by the Alumino- and Borohydrides in Organic Synthesis; VHC: 1991. 2. Ohkuma, T.; Hashiguchi, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1994, ...
Halogenation, geometric and optical isomers
... temperature) – X2 – I.e. Br2, Cl2, F2 – halogenation I.e. bromination (occurs rapidly at room temperature) – HX I.e. HCl, HBr, HI (hydrohalogenation – occurs at moderate rates at room T) – H2O – hydration (requires an acid catalyst, i.e. H2SO4) ...
... temperature) – X2 – I.e. Br2, Cl2, F2 – halogenation I.e. bromination (occurs rapidly at room temperature) – HX I.e. HCl, HBr, HI (hydrohalogenation – occurs at moderate rates at room T) – H2O – hydration (requires an acid catalyst, i.e. H2SO4) ...
Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond. Alkene, olefin, and olefine are used often interchangeably (see nomenclature section below). Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, known as mono-enes, form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n. Alkenes have two hydrogen atoms less than the corresponding alkane (with the same number of carbon atoms). The simplest alkene, ethylene (C2H4), which has the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name ethene is the organic compound produced on the largest scale industrially. Aromatic compounds are often drawn as cyclic alkenes, but their structure and properties are different and they are not considered to be alkenes.