Handout 7
... In conclusion, all steps included in the conversion of an aldehyde or ketone to acetal or ketal via hemiacetal or hemiketal as intermediates, are reversible. Performing the reaction in large excess of an anhydrous alcohol and a small amount of an anhydrous acid will strongly favour the formation of ...
... In conclusion, all steps included in the conversion of an aldehyde or ketone to acetal or ketal via hemiacetal or hemiketal as intermediates, are reversible. Performing the reaction in large excess of an anhydrous alcohol and a small amount of an anhydrous acid will strongly favour the formation of ...
C h e m g u id e –... ACID ANHYDRIDES: REACTIONS WITH WATER, ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
... and so the top group in your target molecule must come from an acid anhydride, but a bigger one than ethanoic anhydride. You can ignore the other group on the ring as just a distraction. You haven’t come across any reaction which would attach a group like this to a benzene ring, so it must have been ...
... and so the top group in your target molecule must come from an acid anhydride, but a bigger one than ethanoic anhydride. You can ignore the other group on the ring as just a distraction. You haven’t come across any reaction which would attach a group like this to a benzene ring, so it must have been ...
CrO3/Al2O3: Rapid oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds in
... Oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds has attracted considerable attention during recent years1,2. The use of high oxidation state transition metals3 such as chromium (VI) reagents for alcohol oxidation is well known. Since the chromium residues are envi ...
... Oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds has attracted considerable attention during recent years1,2. The use of high oxidation state transition metals3 such as chromium (VI) reagents for alcohol oxidation is well known. Since the chromium residues are envi ...
CONDENSATION POLYMERS
... the hydroxyl group is long enough (remember, a six-atom interaction between the hydroxyl oxygen and the carbonyl carbon may be optimal), the hydroxyl could wrap around and form a cyclic ester. That's an intramolecular reaction -- a reaction within one molecule. ...
... the hydroxyl group is long enough (remember, a six-atom interaction between the hydroxyl oxygen and the carbonyl carbon may be optimal), the hydroxyl could wrap around and form a cyclic ester. That's an intramolecular reaction -- a reaction within one molecule. ...
Chapter 11 - Department of Chemistry and Physics
... A halogen atom may replace almost any hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon. The functional group is the halide (-X) group. Examples include: chloroform, CHCl3 ...
... A halogen atom may replace almost any hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon. The functional group is the halide (-X) group. Examples include: chloroform, CHCl3 ...
File - Chemistry Workshop
... Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Representation of Structure ...
... Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Representation of Structure ...
Exam 3 - Organic Chemistry at CU Boulder
... ester. The reaction starts with the ester in an alkoxide/alcohol solution and is worked up with acid to form the neutral β–keto ester product. Show the curved arrow mechanism for the Claisen condensation of ethyl ethanoate treated ethoxide ion. In each step, draw only the species that react in that ...
... ester. The reaction starts with the ester in an alkoxide/alcohol solution and is worked up with acid to form the neutral β–keto ester product. Show the curved arrow mechanism for the Claisen condensation of ethyl ethanoate treated ethoxide ion. In each step, draw only the species that react in that ...
File - need help with revision notes?
... Phenol is a weak nucleophile compared to non-aromatic alcohols because the lone pair on the oxygen is partially delocalised into the ring. Phenols do not react readily with carboxylic acids, so instead a more reactive acid anhydride is used. ...
... Phenol is a weak nucleophile compared to non-aromatic alcohols because the lone pair on the oxygen is partially delocalised into the ring. Phenols do not react readily with carboxylic acids, so instead a more reactive acid anhydride is used. ...
Wade slides Chapter 7
... • Depending on the stereochemistry of the alkyl halide, the E2 elimination may produce only the cis or only the trans isomer. • The geometry of the product will depend on the anticoplanar relationship between the proton and the leaving group. Chapter 7 ...
... • Depending on the stereochemistry of the alkyl halide, the E2 elimination may produce only the cis or only the trans isomer. • The geometry of the product will depend on the anticoplanar relationship between the proton and the leaving group. Chapter 7 ...
CH 19
... • Can be used for monosubstituted, disubstituted, and trisubstituted alkenes but not tetrasubstituted alkenes The reaction yields a pure alkene of known structure • For comparison, addition of CH3MgBr to cyclohexanone and dehydration with, yields a mixture of two alkenes ...
... • Can be used for monosubstituted, disubstituted, and trisubstituted alkenes but not tetrasubstituted alkenes The reaction yields a pure alkene of known structure • For comparison, addition of CH3MgBr to cyclohexanone and dehydration with, yields a mixture of two alkenes ...
Organic Chemistry Unit Test – Tuesday October 7
... Write the IUPAC name for an organic halide, given the structural formula, or draw the structural formula, given the name. Write the IUPAC name for an alcohol, given the structural formula, or draw the structural formula, given the name; identify the alcohol as 1°, 2°, or 3°. Write equations or draw ...
... Write the IUPAC name for an organic halide, given the structural formula, or draw the structural formula, given the name. Write the IUPAC name for an alcohol, given the structural formula, or draw the structural formula, given the name; identify the alcohol as 1°, 2°, or 3°. Write equations or draw ...
Biehl PPT Part2
... From ethyl benzene? Side-chain oxidation!!!! Appears as if we could start with benzoic acid and introduce ethyl group by EtLi. ...
... From ethyl benzene? Side-chain oxidation!!!! Appears as if we could start with benzoic acid and introduce ethyl group by EtLi. ...
(a) Draw a primary, a secondary, and a tertiary alcohol for the
... 2-methylpropan-1-ol. Since it is a 1° alcohol it can be oxidised to a carboxylic acid / since the others are secondary or tertiary alcohols and can’t be oxidised to a carboxylic acid. ...
... 2-methylpropan-1-ol. Since it is a 1° alcohol it can be oxidised to a carboxylic acid / since the others are secondary or tertiary alcohols and can’t be oxidised to a carboxylic acid. ...
Organic Chemistry II
... Nomenclature of Alkenes Number the C chain from the end that brings you to the double bond sooner, then use the alkane naming rules and -ene. ...
... Nomenclature of Alkenes Number the C chain from the end that brings you to the double bond sooner, then use the alkane naming rules and -ene. ...
Alcohols - Calderglen High School
... Peeled apples turn brown due to the reaction of compounds called phenols. The first two steps in the reaction of one phenol, A are; ...
... Peeled apples turn brown due to the reaction of compounds called phenols. The first two steps in the reaction of one phenol, A are; ...
Organic chemistry
... chemistry courses. The general courses provide an overview of the atomic structure, past and present. The electron configuration of the elements and their position in the periodic table are elaborated. The course sets major concepts in chemical stoichiometry with a discussion of the theories and mod ...
... chemistry courses. The general courses provide an overview of the atomic structure, past and present. The electron configuration of the elements and their position in the periodic table are elaborated. The course sets major concepts in chemical stoichiometry with a discussion of the theories and mod ...
CHEMISTRY
... a) 6.02 x 1023 molecules of Na2SO4 and 6.02 x 1024 molecules of H2O b) 6.02 x 1022 molecules of Na2SO4 and 3.01 x 1023 molecules of H2O c) 6.02 x 1024 molecules of Na2SO4 and 6.02 x 1023 molecules of H2O d) 3.01 x 1023 molecules of Na2SO4 and 3.01 x 1024 molecules of H2O e) 3.01 x 1024 molecules of ...
... a) 6.02 x 1023 molecules of Na2SO4 and 6.02 x 1024 molecules of H2O b) 6.02 x 1022 molecules of Na2SO4 and 3.01 x 1023 molecules of H2O c) 6.02 x 1024 molecules of Na2SO4 and 6.02 x 1023 molecules of H2O d) 3.01 x 1023 molecules of Na2SO4 and 3.01 x 1024 molecules of H2O e) 3.01 x 1024 molecules of ...
PPT file
... Unlike the molecules on the previous page, acetals and ketals are stable in base. They won’t collapse to carbonyl groups except in the presence of acid and water. This is very useful… ...
... Unlike the molecules on the previous page, acetals and ketals are stable in base. They won’t collapse to carbonyl groups except in the presence of acid and water. This is very useful… ...
Exam 3 Key - Chemistry
... b) it reacts with carboxylic acids to form alcohols c) it does not react with nitro groups d) it is essentially a source of hydride (H-) e) it is an electron deficient species 5. (4) One of the following is not true about LiAlH4. Which one? a) it is a reducing agent b) it reacts with carboxylic acid ...
... b) it reacts with carboxylic acids to form alcohols c) it does not react with nitro groups d) it is essentially a source of hydride (H-) e) it is an electron deficient species 5. (4) One of the following is not true about LiAlH4. Which one? a) it is a reducing agent b) it reacts with carboxylic acid ...
Haloalkane
The haloalkanes (also known, as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula ″RX″ where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced synthetically in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the development of organic chemistry and the understanding of the structure of alkanes. Methods were developed for the selective formation of C-halogen bonds. Especially versatile methods included the addition of halogens to alkenes, hydrohalogenation of alkenes, and the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides. These methods are so reliable and so easily implemented that haloalkanes became cheaply available for use in industrial chemistry because the halide could be further replaced by other functional groups.While most haloalkanes are human-produced, non-artificial-source haloalkanes do occur on Earth, mostly through enzyme-mediated synthesis by bacteria, fungi, and especially sea macroalgae (seaweeds). More than 1600 halogenated organics have been identified, with bromoalkanes being the most common haloalkanes. Brominated organics in biology range from biologically produced methyl bromide to non-alkane aromatics and unsaturates (indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, and phenols). Halogenated alkanes in land plants are more rare, but do occur, as for example the fluoroacetate produced as a toxin by at least 40 species of known plants. Specific dehalogenase enzymes in bacteria which remove halogens from haloalkanes, are also known.