Chem 191: Biochemistry Lecture 3 – Alcohols
... Like alcohols, ethers can hydrogen bond to water. a. This makes them more soluble in water than the corresponding hyrocarbons, however they are not as soluble as alcohols because the are not able to make as many hydrogen bonds as alcohols to water. Compare Figure 13.13 with Figure 13.3 ...
... Like alcohols, ethers can hydrogen bond to water. a. This makes them more soluble in water than the corresponding hyrocarbons, however they are not as soluble as alcohols because the are not able to make as many hydrogen bonds as alcohols to water. Compare Figure 13.13 with Figure 13.3 ...
Chapter 9 Organic chemistry: The Infinite Varietyof Carbon
... – Show how many hydrogens are attached to each carbon CH3-CH3 for ethane ...
... – Show how many hydrogens are attached to each carbon CH3-CH3 for ethane ...
Alcohols
... Formula R-Mg-X (reacts like R:- +MgX) Stabilized by anhydrous ether Iodides most reactive May be formed from any halide primary secondary tertiary vinyl aryl Chapter 10 ...
... Formula R-Mg-X (reacts like R:- +MgX) Stabilized by anhydrous ether Iodides most reactive May be formed from any halide primary secondary tertiary vinyl aryl Chapter 10 ...
3.2 Synthesis Part 1 Notes - Chemistry Teaching Resources
... it opens up the route to a variety of other molecules - ethers, alcohols, amines, acids etc. Alkynes will have a similar addition reaction but will be able to react with 2 moles of halogen. ...
... it opens up the route to a variety of other molecules - ethers, alcohols, amines, acids etc. Alkynes will have a similar addition reaction but will be able to react with 2 moles of halogen. ...
SPECTRA Q - the British School of Bahrain
... A tablet of ibuprofen contains a very small quantity of the drug and the remainder of the tablet material is unreactive. In an analysis 50 tablets were reacted with 100.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 aqueous sodium hydroxide, an excess. The ibuprofen reacted as a weak acid. When the reaction was complete, t ...
... A tablet of ibuprofen contains a very small quantity of the drug and the remainder of the tablet material is unreactive. In an analysis 50 tablets were reacted with 100.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 aqueous sodium hydroxide, an excess. The ibuprofen reacted as a weak acid. When the reaction was complete, t ...
Ethers, Sulfides, Epoxides
... Alcohol should be primary to avoid carbocations being formed from the alcohol. Expect mechanism to be protonation of alkene to yield more stable carbocation followed by reaction with the weakly nucleophilic alcohol. Not presented. ...
... Alcohol should be primary to avoid carbocations being formed from the alcohol. Expect mechanism to be protonation of alkene to yield more stable carbocation followed by reaction with the weakly nucleophilic alcohol. Not presented. ...
Lecture 8-physical properties.pptx
... Forces between molecules at the molecular level are called secondary forces. Secondary forces can be divided into two types: • Intermolecular forces or van der Waals forces between two molecules. These forces are those responsible for holding solids and liquids together. • Intramolecular forces ...
... Forces between molecules at the molecular level are called secondary forces. Secondary forces can be divided into two types: • Intermolecular forces or van der Waals forces between two molecules. These forces are those responsible for holding solids and liquids together. • Intramolecular forces ...
Petrochemicals: Builder Molecules
... Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Each carbon atom in an alkane molecule is bonded to four other atoms. Compounds such as alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbons because each carbon atom forms as many single covalent bonds as it can. • In some hydrocarbon molecules, though, carbon atoms bo ...
... Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Each carbon atom in an alkane molecule is bonded to four other atoms. Compounds such as alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbons because each carbon atom forms as many single covalent bonds as it can. • In some hydrocarbon molecules, though, carbon atoms bo ...
course contents 160 - drseemaljelani
... Through your studies you will gain transferable skills, specialized laboratory skills and knowledge in the areas of molecular design and organic synthesis, analysis and spectroscopic identification of chemical species, quantum chemistry, molecular dynamics, chemical kinetics, thermodynamics and Chem ...
... Through your studies you will gain transferable skills, specialized laboratory skills and knowledge in the areas of molecular design and organic synthesis, analysis and spectroscopic identification of chemical species, quantum chemistry, molecular dynamics, chemical kinetics, thermodynamics and Chem ...
Session 9 – Organic Chemistry
... STEP 1: Recognise the functional group in the compound. This will determine the suffix (the ’end’) of the name. STEP 2: Find the longest continuous carbon chain (it won’t always be a straight chain) and count the number of carbon atoms in this chain. This number will determine the prefix (the ’begin ...
... STEP 1: Recognise the functional group in the compound. This will determine the suffix (the ’end’) of the name. STEP 2: Find the longest continuous carbon chain (it won’t always be a straight chain) and count the number of carbon atoms in this chain. This number will determine the prefix (the ’begin ...
View/Open
... a) When 3-iodo-2, 2-dimethyl butane is treated with silver nitrate in ethanol, three elimination products are formed. Give their structures, and predict which ones are formed in larger amounts (5 marks) b) Each of the carbocations in question (a) above can also react with ethanol to give substitutio ...
... a) When 3-iodo-2, 2-dimethyl butane is treated with silver nitrate in ethanol, three elimination products are formed. Give their structures, and predict which ones are formed in larger amounts (5 marks) b) Each of the carbocations in question (a) above can also react with ethanol to give substitutio ...
Study Guide 1 - Chemistry Teaching Resources
... referred to as essential oils which should not be mixed up with edible oils (Fats & Oils) and mineral oils derived from Crude Oil and made by the Petrochemical industry. Think about the Reaction Pathways diagram above and the information given. ...
... referred to as essential oils which should not be mixed up with edible oils (Fats & Oils) and mineral oils derived from Crude Oil and made by the Petrochemical industry. Think about the Reaction Pathways diagram above and the information given. ...
oxidation and reduction
... Such changes can complicate the mechanism: for example does the Os(VI) ester get hydrolysed before it is re-oxidised, or does it get oxidised first? The details are still being sorted out. The key observation was: some amines accelerate the reaction (by complexing to Os), though some amines slow it ...
... Such changes can complicate the mechanism: for example does the Os(VI) ester get hydrolysed before it is re-oxidised, or does it get oxidised first? The details are still being sorted out. The key observation was: some amines accelerate the reaction (by complexing to Os), though some amines slow it ...
3: Haloalkanes, Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines
... electron distribution in their bonding molecular orbital is not symmetrically distributed between the two bonded atoms. [graphic 3.8] Both CH4 and CH3 F are electrically neutral molecules, but CH3 F has a polar C-F bond, while CH4 has no polar bonds. Electron pairs in the C-H bonds of CH4 are distri ...
... electron distribution in their bonding molecular orbital is not symmetrically distributed between the two bonded atoms. [graphic 3.8] Both CH4 and CH3 F are electrically neutral molecules, but CH3 F has a polar C-F bond, while CH4 has no polar bonds. Electron pairs in the C-H bonds of CH4 are distri ...
The aim of the work
... During attack by the hydroxyl group the unsaturated product 42 is formed (path 1). OH ion is directed to the atom H1 along the C(2)-H1 bond. With the approach of the hydroxyl group to a distance of 2.86 Å the water molecule removes. The elimination of H1 from C(2) atom by OH- ion results in leaving ...
... During attack by the hydroxyl group the unsaturated product 42 is formed (path 1). OH ion is directed to the atom H1 along the C(2)-H1 bond. With the approach of the hydroxyl group to a distance of 2.86 Å the water molecule removes. The elimination of H1 from C(2) atom by OH- ion results in leaving ...
Document
... Alkanes contain the most hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms, as there as only single carbon-carbon bonds, whereas alkenes and alkynes contain less hydrogen atoms due to the presence of double or triple carbon-carbon bonds ...
... Alkanes contain the most hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms, as there as only single carbon-carbon bonds, whereas alkenes and alkynes contain less hydrogen atoms due to the presence of double or triple carbon-carbon bonds ...
Microsoft Word
... chloride, 2-trimethylsiloxyfuran reacted with various aldehydes, to give the corresponding butenolides in high yields. Recent reports on 2-trimethylsiloxyfuran show that it has promise as a masked butenolide. However, in order to exploit in synthesis the appropriate conditions need to be found for c ...
... chloride, 2-trimethylsiloxyfuran reacted with various aldehydes, to give the corresponding butenolides in high yields. Recent reports on 2-trimethylsiloxyfuran show that it has promise as a masked butenolide. However, in order to exploit in synthesis the appropriate conditions need to be found for c ...
ALDOL CONDENSATION
... three resonance structures that can be drawn for this species, two of which have enolate ions. This nucleophile reacts with the electrophilic alkene 3 to form 4 in a conjugate addition reaction. Proton abstraction from protonated base (or solvent) by the enolate 4 to 5 is the final step. The co ...
... three resonance structures that can be drawn for this species, two of which have enolate ions. This nucleophile reacts with the electrophilic alkene 3 to form 4 in a conjugate addition reaction. Proton abstraction from protonated base (or solvent) by the enolate 4 to 5 is the final step. The co ...
14 - Oxidation of Alcohols - Organic Chemistry at CU Boulder
... is a common organic chemistry practice, based on the principle that dissolved inorganic salts decrease the solubility of most organic compounds in water. The camphor is extracted into ethyl acetate and the resulting solution treated with drying agent. Then, the mixture of solvent and product is deca ...
... is a common organic chemistry practice, based on the principle that dissolved inorganic salts decrease the solubility of most organic compounds in water. The camphor is extracted into ethyl acetate and the resulting solution treated with drying agent. Then, the mixture of solvent and product is deca ...
NITRO COMPOUNDS
... nitrating mixture has to employed and the reaction is carried out at higher temperature . Nitro benzene and m-dinitrobenzene can be obtained from benzene under the conditions shown below : ...
... nitrating mixture has to employed and the reaction is carried out at higher temperature . Nitro benzene and m-dinitrobenzene can be obtained from benzene under the conditions shown below : ...
Level 3 Chemistry (91391) 2013
... (ii) Link the structure of enantiomers to a physical property that can be used to distinguish them from non-optically active molecules. ...
... (ii) Link the structure of enantiomers to a physical property that can be used to distinguish them from non-optically active molecules. ...
A-level Chemistry Question Paper Unit 02 - Chemistry in
... Sea water contains large amounts of dissolved magnesium compounds. Approximately 1 kg of magnesium can be extracted from 1000 dm3 of sea water. ...
... Sea water contains large amounts of dissolved magnesium compounds. Approximately 1 kg of magnesium can be extracted from 1000 dm3 of sea water. ...
Haloalkane
The haloalkanes (also known, as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula ″RX″ where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced synthetically in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the development of organic chemistry and the understanding of the structure of alkanes. Methods were developed for the selective formation of C-halogen bonds. Especially versatile methods included the addition of halogens to alkenes, hydrohalogenation of alkenes, and the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides. These methods are so reliable and so easily implemented that haloalkanes became cheaply available for use in industrial chemistry because the halide could be further replaced by other functional groups.While most haloalkanes are human-produced, non-artificial-source haloalkanes do occur on Earth, mostly through enzyme-mediated synthesis by bacteria, fungi, and especially sea macroalgae (seaweeds). More than 1600 halogenated organics have been identified, with bromoalkanes being the most common haloalkanes. Brominated organics in biology range from biologically produced methyl bromide to non-alkane aromatics and unsaturates (indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, and phenols). Halogenated alkanes in land plants are more rare, but do occur, as for example the fluoroacetate produced as a toxin by at least 40 species of known plants. Specific dehalogenase enzymes in bacteria which remove halogens from haloalkanes, are also known.