Chemistry
... enantiomers are possible if there are four different atoms or groups of atoms bonded to a carbon ...
... enantiomers are possible if there are four different atoms or groups of atoms bonded to a carbon ...
Chemistry 102
... Despite the fact that there are over 10 million different organic compounds, studying organic chemistry is not as difficult as one might first think. The structural theory of organic chemistry allows one to classify most of these compounds into a limited number of categories or families. Within a fa ...
... Despite the fact that there are over 10 million different organic compounds, studying organic chemistry is not as difficult as one might first think. The structural theory of organic chemistry allows one to classify most of these compounds into a limited number of categories or families. Within a fa ...
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
... Organic chemistry is carbon chemistry. Carbon has little tendency to gain or lose electrons. It has a valence number of 4 and forms four covalent bonds. Each carbon atom in a carbon compound is an intersection point and so a molecule can branch off in four directions. This makes it TETRAVALENT. Sing ...
... Organic chemistry is carbon chemistry. Carbon has little tendency to gain or lose electrons. It has a valence number of 4 and forms four covalent bonds. Each carbon atom in a carbon compound is an intersection point and so a molecule can branch off in four directions. This makes it TETRAVALENT. Sing ...
Practice Questions for Chapters 1-8 CHEM 4000A
... I would probably go with the bond-set shown above. The ester should be fairly straightforward to prepare from an alcohol and an acid chloride (or anhydride) using the method described in question 7. I have a wide variety of options for attaching the benzene ring to the alkene: I could do a Suzuki ...
... I would probably go with the bond-set shown above. The ester should be fairly straightforward to prepare from an alcohol and an acid chloride (or anhydride) using the method described in question 7. I have a wide variety of options for attaching the benzene ring to the alkene: I could do a Suzuki ...
Alcohols, Diols And Triols
... The carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group in this alcohol does not have a hydrogen atom on it. Here, too, carbon-carbon bonds would have to be broken to allow oxidation to take place. ...
... The carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group in this alcohol does not have a hydrogen atom on it. Here, too, carbon-carbon bonds would have to be broken to allow oxidation to take place. ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... locked in place and cannot rotate freely as it could in alkanes with single bonds. Pi bonds ...
... locked in place and cannot rotate freely as it could in alkanes with single bonds. Pi bonds ...
Document
... List three characteristics of an homologous series, and explain the term functional group. ...
... List three characteristics of an homologous series, and explain the term functional group. ...
Just Enough Chemistry for Through Genetics
... – A slightly +H of a polar cov. bond in one molecule is attracted to a slightly neg. atom of another molecule (WEAK) – Ex. H with O, F, N ...
... – A slightly +H of a polar cov. bond in one molecule is attracted to a slightly neg. atom of another molecule (WEAK) – Ex. H with O, F, N ...
Unit 3 Goals - kimscience.com
... o analyze potential energy change in terms of the strengths of bonds formed and broken during a reaction, and use or label potential energy diagram and Maxwell Boltzmann curve to describe reactions. o calculate the energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction using specific heat and labora ...
... o analyze potential energy change in terms of the strengths of bonds formed and broken during a reaction, and use or label potential energy diagram and Maxwell Boltzmann curve to describe reactions. o calculate the energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction using specific heat and labora ...
The carbonyl functional group Formation of the C=O group π
... + 2,4DNP = yellow orange ppt + K2Cr2O7/H+ = no reaction + Fehlings/tollens = no reaction + I2/NaOH = CHI3 + R’COO- ...
... + 2,4DNP = yellow orange ppt + K2Cr2O7/H+ = no reaction + Fehlings/tollens = no reaction + I2/NaOH = CHI3 + R’COO- ...
Chemistry 218, Winter 2007 Exam 2 Name: 1.
... 2. In the following reaction, one of the products is formed preferentially over the other one. Circle the product that is more likely to be formed, and explain why using resonance forms. (10 pts) O ...
... 2. In the following reaction, one of the products is formed preferentially over the other one. Circle the product that is more likely to be formed, and explain why using resonance forms. (10 pts) O ...
HONORS ORGANIC CHEM. HAHS MRS. RICHARDS 1 ORGANIC
... 4. At the end of the name, include the number indicating where the ___________________________ begins. 5. Enynes contain both an ______________ and an _______________. 6. To name an enyne, find the longest chain containing both functional groups and begin numbering this way: 7. When the double and t ...
... 4. At the end of the name, include the number indicating where the ___________________________ begins. 5. Enynes contain both an ______________ and an _______________. 6. To name an enyne, find the longest chain containing both functional groups and begin numbering this way: 7. When the double and t ...
CH 115 Exam 2 - UAB General Chemistry Supplemental Instruction
... Assume the chemical equations on this exam are NOT balanced unless stated otherwise. 1. Balance the equation and give the stoichiometric coefficient for HCl ...
... Assume the chemical equations on this exam are NOT balanced unless stated otherwise. 1. Balance the equation and give the stoichiometric coefficient for HCl ...
Organic Chemistry
... General formula: R–CH2–CH2–R, CnH2n+2 The symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The formulas and structures of alkanes increase uniformally by a CH2 increment Nomenclature of Alkanes: For a base of one to four carbons, historical root names were chosen. For compounds of ...
... General formula: R–CH2–CH2–R, CnH2n+2 The symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The formulas and structures of alkanes increase uniformally by a CH2 increment Nomenclature of Alkanes: For a base of one to four carbons, historical root names were chosen. For compounds of ...
Elimination reactions under acidic conditions
... product is produced more, which is the left most product due to the maximum amount of sigma bonds. ...
... product is produced more, which is the left most product due to the maximum amount of sigma bonds. ...
Organic Chemistry Unit Test
... b. addition of HCl, followed by reaction with H2O c. addition of H2O followed by reaction with a strong oxidizer d. addition of Br2, followed by reduction with H2 ...
... b. addition of HCl, followed by reaction with H2O c. addition of H2O followed by reaction with a strong oxidizer d. addition of Br2, followed by reduction with H2 ...
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE
... of a carbon chain that forms the main structural unit of all organic substances. When an alkane carbon chain is modified in any way, even by the mere introduction of an sp2 carbon or a heteroatom (atoms other than carbon and hydrogen), is is said to be functionalized. In other words, a functional gr ...
... of a carbon chain that forms the main structural unit of all organic substances. When an alkane carbon chain is modified in any way, even by the mere introduction of an sp2 carbon or a heteroatom (atoms other than carbon and hydrogen), is is said to be functionalized. In other words, a functional gr ...
Chapter 9. Addition Reactions of Alkenes
... The reaction below, which provides compound M as its major product, appears to defy the principles that we discussed in class. Draw the structures of the intermediate carbocations that form in this reaction, then clearly but briefly explain why M, and not L, is the major product of this reaction. Hi ...
... The reaction below, which provides compound M as its major product, appears to defy the principles that we discussed in class. Draw the structures of the intermediate carbocations that form in this reaction, then clearly but briefly explain why M, and not L, is the major product of this reaction. Hi ...
Chapter 9-Additions to Alkenes I
... according to the Hammond postulate, any factor that stabilizes a high energy intermediate should also stabilize the transition state leading to that intermediate. So, factors that lead to a more stable carbocation intermediate will also stabilize the transition state of HX addition to alkene! Suppos ...
... according to the Hammond postulate, any factor that stabilizes a high energy intermediate should also stabilize the transition state leading to that intermediate. So, factors that lead to a more stable carbocation intermediate will also stabilize the transition state of HX addition to alkene! Suppos ...
Name__________________________Review Organic Reactions
... A) CH 3COOH + CH3OH ® CH 3COOCH 3 + H 2O B) C2H6 + Cl 2 ® C2H5Cl + HCl C) C3H 6 + H2 ® C3H 8 D) C6H12O6 ® 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO 2 5. Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: ...
... A) CH 3COOH + CH3OH ® CH 3COOCH 3 + H 2O B) C2H6 + Cl 2 ® C2H5Cl + HCl C) C3H 6 + H2 ® C3H 8 D) C6H12O6 ® 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO 2 5. Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: ...
Chapter 24. Amines
... clear-cut coupling to neighboring C–H hydrogens In D2O exchange of N–D for N–H occurs, and the N– ...
... clear-cut coupling to neighboring C–H hydrogens In D2O exchange of N–D for N–H occurs, and the N– ...
Document
... • The reason that stronger bases are needed for this dehydrohalogenation is that the transition state for the second elimination reaction includes partial cleavage of the C—H bond. In this case however, the carbon atom is sp2 hybridized and sp2 hybridized C—H bonds are stronger than sp3 hybridized C ...
... • The reason that stronger bases are needed for this dehydrohalogenation is that the transition state for the second elimination reaction includes partial cleavage of the C—H bond. In this case however, the carbon atom is sp2 hybridized and sp2 hybridized C—H bonds are stronger than sp3 hybridized C ...
Notes, Part II
... Recall: halogens are group 17 on the periodic table (F, Cl, Br. I) X = F, Br, Cl or I NAMING halocarbons Name the halogens as branches off the main carbon chain The halogens are prefixes (fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-) to the hydrocarbon name Use numbers to indicate the halogen position( ...
... Recall: halogens are group 17 on the periodic table (F, Cl, Br. I) X = F, Br, Cl or I NAMING halocarbons Name the halogens as branches off the main carbon chain The halogens are prefixes (fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-) to the hydrocarbon name Use numbers to indicate the halogen position( ...
Haloalkane
The haloalkanes (also known, as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula ″RX″ where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced synthetically in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the development of organic chemistry and the understanding of the structure of alkanes. Methods were developed for the selective formation of C-halogen bonds. Especially versatile methods included the addition of halogens to alkenes, hydrohalogenation of alkenes, and the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides. These methods are so reliable and so easily implemented that haloalkanes became cheaply available for use in industrial chemistry because the halide could be further replaced by other functional groups.While most haloalkanes are human-produced, non-artificial-source haloalkanes do occur on Earth, mostly through enzyme-mediated synthesis by bacteria, fungi, and especially sea macroalgae (seaweeds). More than 1600 halogenated organics have been identified, with bromoalkanes being the most common haloalkanes. Brominated organics in biology range from biologically produced methyl bromide to non-alkane aromatics and unsaturates (indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, and phenols). Halogenated alkanes in land plants are more rare, but do occur, as for example the fluoroacetate produced as a toxin by at least 40 species of known plants. Specific dehalogenase enzymes in bacteria which remove halogens from haloalkanes, are also known.