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Chemistry 131
___________________________ Name
___________________________ Name
Lab #1: Organic Families
Introduction
Despite the fact that there are over 10 million different organic compounds,
studying organic chemistry is not as difficult as one might first think. The structural
theory of organic chemistry allows one to classify most of these compounds into a limited
number of categories or families. Within a family all the compounds behave chemically
in a similar manner. Therefore, by learning the characteristics of each family one can
learn the chemistry of thousands of organic molecules. The first step is to learn to
recognize the various families, which is one of the objectives of this lab.
Directions:
Prepared models of organic compounds will be available for your examination.
You are to identify the family that each model represents and draw the expanded
structural formula, the condensed structural, and the line-bond formula of the compound.
If more than one family is represented you must list all of them.
Most organic compounds contain a structural characteristic of the alkane family.
However, we do not classify a compound as an alkane unless this is the only family it
belongs to. Example:
CH3CH2CH2OH
"Alkane like"
This compound is considered to belong only to the alcohol family because of the OH
group.
Your write up will include: (1) model number (the number attached to the
model), (2) name of family or families, (3) expanded structural formula, (4) condensed
structural formula, and (5) line-bond formula. You should do this on your own paper.
Please place your answers in sequential order from 1-18, where the number corresponds
to the model number. (You will lose 2 points on the write-up if your answers are not
given in sequential order.)
(over)
Name of Family
Feature that characteristizes
the family
Example
H
H
Alkane
Single bonds only
C
H
C H
H
H
H3C
H
C
Alkene
Carbon, carbon double bond
Alkyne
Carbon, carbon triple bond
C
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
Aromatic
Benzene ring
Haloalkanes
C F
Alcohol
C
OH
Ether
C
O
C
Cl
H
C
Br C
I
CH3 Br
CH3CH2OH
C
CH3
O
O
O
Aldehyde
C C H
O
C C C
CH3
O
Carboxylic acid
C CH CH CH
2
2
3
O
C C OH
CH3
C OH
O
O
Ester
C C O C
CH3
C O CH2CH3
H
N
N
CH3
CH3
Amine
O
O
C
N
Amide
C H
CH3CH2
O
Ketone
CH2CH3
H
C
N
H
CH3