Lecture 14a - University of California, Los Angeles
... • Alkali metals dissolve in liquid ammonia with a dark blue color at low concentrations (and bronze color at high concentrations) due to solvated electrons that are trapped in a solvent cage (video) • The addition of the cyclopentadiene to this solution causes the color of the solution to disappear ...
... • Alkali metals dissolve in liquid ammonia with a dark blue color at low concentrations (and bronze color at high concentrations) due to solvated electrons that are trapped in a solvent cage (video) • The addition of the cyclopentadiene to this solution causes the color of the solution to disappear ...
Chapter 14
... Functional Group Isomers: consitutional isomers with different functional groups Ex.: C3 ether and C3 alcohol Physical & Chemical Properties Physical BP = to alkanes; lower than alcohols No H-bonding w/ self possible Water soluble: can H-bond w/ water NP substances are generally soluble in ethers Ch ...
... Functional Group Isomers: consitutional isomers with different functional groups Ex.: C3 ether and C3 alcohol Physical & Chemical Properties Physical BP = to alkanes; lower than alcohols No H-bonding w/ self possible Water soluble: can H-bond w/ water NP substances are generally soluble in ethers Ch ...
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature
... 8) Carboxylic acids: (suffix –oic acid) contain carbonyl functional group (C─OH) 9) Esters: (suffix –oate) contain carboxylic acid groups in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group Nomenclature: The systematic approach to naming organic compounds was formalized b ...
... 8) Carboxylic acids: (suffix –oic acid) contain carbonyl functional group (C─OH) 9) Esters: (suffix –oate) contain carboxylic acid groups in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group Nomenclature: The systematic approach to naming organic compounds was formalized b ...
Dehydration of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol to make alkenes March 1 & 3
... Elimination Reactions Let’s Review: – Elimination reaction: a fundamental organic reaction Two species are eliminated from a substrate Elimination mean’s they are gone, gone, gone – NOT a substitution ...
... Elimination Reactions Let’s Review: – Elimination reaction: a fundamental organic reaction Two species are eliminated from a substrate Elimination mean’s they are gone, gone, gone – NOT a substitution ...
alkenes - Knockhardy
... Complication The OH¯ removes a proton from a carbon atom adjacent the C bearing the halogen. In the above example there was only on possible choice. However, if there had been another carbon atom on the other side of the C-Halogen bond, its hydrogen(s) would also be open to attack. If the haloalkane ...
... Complication The OH¯ removes a proton from a carbon atom adjacent the C bearing the halogen. In the above example there was only on possible choice. However, if there had been another carbon atom on the other side of the C-Halogen bond, its hydrogen(s) would also be open to attack. If the haloalkane ...
ExamView - sch4u organic test.tst
... The structure given above is Penicillin G, an antibiotic. Circle the functional groups in the molecule and list their corresponding names. ...
... The structure given above is Penicillin G, an antibiotic. Circle the functional groups in the molecule and list their corresponding names. ...
Chem 30CL-Lecture 15..
... because it is a 19 valence electron system with its highest electron in an anti-bonding orbital The oxidation with iodine leads to the light-green cobaltocenium ...
... because it is a 19 valence electron system with its highest electron in an anti-bonding orbital The oxidation with iodine leads to the light-green cobaltocenium ...
Chapter 1-
... “Straight-chain” alkanes have a zig-zag orientation when they are in their most straight orientation ...
... “Straight-chain” alkanes have a zig-zag orientation when they are in their most straight orientation ...
ALKENES Introduction • Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing C=C
... 2. Addition Reactions Alkenes undergo oxidation upon addition of KMnO4 in cold medium and produce diols, alcohol, and color of KMnO4 turns to brown. This method is used to detect alkenes, and is known as Baeyer’s Test. ...
... 2. Addition Reactions Alkenes undergo oxidation upon addition of KMnO4 in cold medium and produce diols, alcohol, and color of KMnO4 turns to brown. This method is used to detect alkenes, and is known as Baeyer’s Test. ...
Synthesizing Organic Compounds
... 1. A food additive that is named as a single ingredient is often a mixture of many compounds. For example, a typical “artificial strawberry flavour” found in a milkshake may contain up to 50 different compounds. A few of these are listed below. For each, write a structural formula and an equation or ...
... 1. A food additive that is named as a single ingredient is often a mixture of many compounds. For example, a typical “artificial strawberry flavour” found in a milkshake may contain up to 50 different compounds. A few of these are listed below. For each, write a structural formula and an equation or ...
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LC Chem Notes Organic Chemistry [PDF Document]
... Note: When there is a double or triple bond the compound must be named so it describes where the bond is. To do this, count along the carbons until you reach the carbon with the bond after it from both right to left and left to right and use whichever direction gives you a lower number. You then mus ...
... Note: When there is a double or triple bond the compound must be named so it describes where the bond is. To do this, count along the carbons until you reach the carbon with the bond after it from both right to left and left to right and use whichever direction gives you a lower number. You then mus ...
Organic Halides (Haloalkanes) (Alkyl Halides)
... (their use is now restricted due to the fact that some of them damage the ozone layer) • polymers such as Teflon (non-stick surfaces as in cookware) and PVC (polyvinylchloride) used plumbing • DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) – now banned pesticide • PCB’s (polychlorinated biphenyls) – electric ...
... (their use is now restricted due to the fact that some of them damage the ozone layer) • polymers such as Teflon (non-stick surfaces as in cookware) and PVC (polyvinylchloride) used plumbing • DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) – now banned pesticide • PCB’s (polychlorinated biphenyls) – electric ...
Reactions to functionalize benzene
... Aromatic aldehydes: Benzaldehydes can’t be made by F-C rxn; use Gattermann-Koch formylation: ...
... Aromatic aldehydes: Benzaldehydes can’t be made by F-C rxn; use Gattermann-Koch formylation: ...
Topics 10 and 20 Outline
... are key strands in organic chemistry. Nature of science: Use of data—much of the progress that has been made to date in the developments and applications of scientific research can be mapped back to key organic chemical reactions involving functional group interconversions. (3.1) Understandings: • A ...
... are key strands in organic chemistry. Nature of science: Use of data—much of the progress that has been made to date in the developments and applications of scientific research can be mapped back to key organic chemical reactions involving functional group interconversions. (3.1) Understandings: • A ...
Organic Chemistry II / CHEM 252 Chapter 21 – Phenoles and Aryl
... – These compounds serve to transport electrons between substrates in enzyme-catalyzed oxidation-reduction reactions ...
... – These compounds serve to transport electrons between substrates in enzyme-catalyzed oxidation-reduction reactions ...
Functional Groups
... chain of carbon atoms a) The longest chain of carbon atoms gives the stem/root of the name as shown in the table below: # of C-atoms in Stem in longest chain IUPAC name ...
... chain of carbon atoms a) The longest chain of carbon atoms gives the stem/root of the name as shown in the table below: # of C-atoms in Stem in longest chain IUPAC name ...
1 CHEMISTRY XI – QUESTION PAPER – 3 Time
... F atom. As a consequence of small size there are strong interelectronic repulsions in relatively compact 2p-subshell of fluorine and thus electron does not feel much attraction. Cl is comparatively bigger in size than F and can accommodate electron easily. b) Due to exactly half filled configuration ...
... F atom. As a consequence of small size there are strong interelectronic repulsions in relatively compact 2p-subshell of fluorine and thus electron does not feel much attraction. Cl is comparatively bigger in size than F and can accommodate electron easily. b) Due to exactly half filled configuration ...
File
... Each –OH is called a hydroxyl group. most alcohols dissolve well in water have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons with similar number of carbons alcohol methanol is liquid at room temperature, but hydrocarbon methane is a gas Ethanol is the result of a hydroxyl group substituted for one h ...
... Each –OH is called a hydroxyl group. most alcohols dissolve well in water have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons with similar number of carbons alcohol methanol is liquid at room temperature, but hydrocarbon methane is a gas Ethanol is the result of a hydroxyl group substituted for one h ...
Intro to Organic Compounds
... specific properties, and carbon is no more unique than sodium, hafnium, or any other element. But the atomic properties of carbon do give it bonding capabilities beyond those of any other element, which in turn lead to the two obvious characteristics of organic molecules— structural complexity and c ...
... specific properties, and carbon is no more unique than sodium, hafnium, or any other element. But the atomic properties of carbon do give it bonding capabilities beyond those of any other element, which in turn lead to the two obvious characteristics of organic molecules— structural complexity and c ...
CHEM 2414
... substituent is assigned to carbon #1. The numbering of ring carbons then continues in a direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) that affords the second substituent the lower possible location number. 4. If several substituents are present on the ring, they are listed in alphabetical order. Locati ...
... substituent is assigned to carbon #1. The numbering of ring carbons then continues in a direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) that affords the second substituent the lower possible location number. 4. If several substituents are present on the ring, they are listed in alphabetical order. Locati ...
Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces
... • Five- and six-membered rings are most stable. They can take on conformations in which their bond angles are very close to the tetrahedral angle. Smaller rings are quite strained. ...
... • Five- and six-membered rings are most stable. They can take on conformations in which their bond angles are very close to the tetrahedral angle. Smaller rings are quite strained. ...
Mechanistic Assignment
... Like esters, nitriles can be used as masked carboxylic acids in reaction in which the acidic hydrogen of the carboxylic acid group would prove problematic. They can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of either aqueous acid or aqueous base (followed by acidic work-up). ...
... Like esters, nitriles can be used as masked carboxylic acids in reaction in which the acidic hydrogen of the carboxylic acid group would prove problematic. They can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of either aqueous acid or aqueous base (followed by acidic work-up). ...
Erik`s Chemistry: Organic Chemistry Notes - ECHS Chemistry
... Back To Erik's Chemistry: Main Page ...
... Back To Erik's Chemistry: Main Page ...
Haloalkane
The haloalkanes (also known, as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula ″RX″ where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced synthetically in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the development of organic chemistry and the understanding of the structure of alkanes. Methods were developed for the selective formation of C-halogen bonds. Especially versatile methods included the addition of halogens to alkenes, hydrohalogenation of alkenes, and the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides. These methods are so reliable and so easily implemented that haloalkanes became cheaply available for use in industrial chemistry because the halide could be further replaced by other functional groups.While most haloalkanes are human-produced, non-artificial-source haloalkanes do occur on Earth, mostly through enzyme-mediated synthesis by bacteria, fungi, and especially sea macroalgae (seaweeds). More than 1600 halogenated organics have been identified, with bromoalkanes being the most common haloalkanes. Brominated organics in biology range from biologically produced methyl bromide to non-alkane aromatics and unsaturates (indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, and phenols). Halogenated alkanes in land plants are more rare, but do occur, as for example the fluoroacetate produced as a toxin by at least 40 species of known plants. Specific dehalogenase enzymes in bacteria which remove halogens from haloalkanes, are also known.