Organic Chemistry HW PSI Chemistry Name
... 8) Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton? A) C3H8 B) C2H6 C) CH4 D) C2H4 E) C2H2 9) The gasoline consumed by an automobile is a fossil fuel consisting mostly of A) aldehydes. B) amino acids. C) alcohols. D) hydrocarbons. E) thiols. 10) Hydrocarbons containing o ...
... 8) Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton? A) C3H8 B) C2H6 C) CH4 D) C2H4 E) C2H2 9) The gasoline consumed by an automobile is a fossil fuel consisting mostly of A) aldehydes. B) amino acids. C) alcohols. D) hydrocarbons. E) thiols. 10) Hydrocarbons containing o ...
Chemguide – answers ALCOHOLS: THE TRIIODOMETHANE
... 1. a) Either: Add iodine solution followed by enough sodium hydroxide solution to remove the colour of the iodine. Warm very gently if nothing happens in the cold. Or: Add potassium iodide solution followed by sodium chlorate(I) solution (sodium hypochlorite solution). Warm very gently if nothing ha ...
... 1. a) Either: Add iodine solution followed by enough sodium hydroxide solution to remove the colour of the iodine. Warm very gently if nothing happens in the cold. Or: Add potassium iodide solution followed by sodium chlorate(I) solution (sodium hypochlorite solution). Warm very gently if nothing ha ...
AlCl3 heat HCl
... 24. (6 points) Which alkyl halide in each pair would you expect to be more reactive in an SN2 reaction with a given nucleophile? Explain. ...
... 24. (6 points) Which alkyl halide in each pair would you expect to be more reactive in an SN2 reaction with a given nucleophile? Explain. ...
3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
... Functional group - collection of atoms at a site that have a characteristic behavior in all molecules where it occurs The group reacts in a typical way, generally independent of the rest of the molecule For example, the double bonds in simple and complex alkenes react with bromine in the same way ...
... Functional group - collection of atoms at a site that have a characteristic behavior in all molecules where it occurs The group reacts in a typical way, generally independent of the rest of the molecule For example, the double bonds in simple and complex alkenes react with bromine in the same way ...
3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
... Functional group - collection of atoms at a site that have a characteristic behavior in all molecules where it occurs The group reacts in a typical way, generally independent of the rest of the molecule For example, the double bonds in simple and complex alkenes react with bromine in the same way ...
... Functional group - collection of atoms at a site that have a characteristic behavior in all molecules where it occurs The group reacts in a typical way, generally independent of the rest of the molecule For example, the double bonds in simple and complex alkenes react with bromine in the same way ...
MAIN GROUP ORGANOMETALLICS Dr. S. Draper 8 lecture course
... soluble in solvents (most covalent of group 17, small size and high polarising power of Li atoms) Pure Li gives slow reaction now use Na in Li 0.05 – 0.2%. This gives improved yields depending on R. This exposes the Li surface while the Na decomposes. ...
... soluble in solvents (most covalent of group 17, small size and high polarising power of Li atoms) Pure Li gives slow reaction now use Na in Li 0.05 – 0.2%. This gives improved yields depending on R. This exposes the Li surface while the Na decomposes. ...
polar covalent bond
... Naming Branched Alkanes 2. Identify and name the longest unbranched carbon chain which is called “the parent compound” 3. Number carbons in parent compound so carbons with substituents (also called side chains) have the lowest possible number (s). 4. Name each substituent and associate with the car ...
... Naming Branched Alkanes 2. Identify and name the longest unbranched carbon chain which is called “the parent compound” 3. Number carbons in parent compound so carbons with substituents (also called side chains) have the lowest possible number (s). 4. Name each substituent and associate with the car ...
Chem 341 Review for Finals Key Reactions Mechanisms
... – Aldol condensation: addition of enolate anion to an aldehyde carbonyl carbon • Carboxylic acid derivatives – Relative reactivity: Acid halides > Anhydrides > Esters > Amides > ...
... – Aldol condensation: addition of enolate anion to an aldehyde carbonyl carbon • Carboxylic acid derivatives – Relative reactivity: Acid halides > Anhydrides > Esters > Amides > ...
Document
... solution containing silver-ammonia complex ions. When an aldehyde group is oxidized by this reagent, the silver ions are reduced to metallic silver, which forms a black precipitate and, if the test tube is clean, a silver mirror on the test tube. (E. Ferric Chloride Test for Phenols) When a phenol i ...
... solution containing silver-ammonia complex ions. When an aldehyde group is oxidized by this reagent, the silver ions are reduced to metallic silver, which forms a black precipitate and, if the test tube is clean, a silver mirror on the test tube. (E. Ferric Chloride Test for Phenols) When a phenol i ...
Chapter 12 –Part 2 Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds with
... t The nucleophile adds to the δ+ carbon t The π electrons shift to the oxygen t The carbon becomes sp 3 hybridized (tetrahedral!) t Several chapters in Organic II t For now, two nucleophiles that convert carbonyls to alcohols: l Hydride ions (H-) l Carbanions (R -) – second half of Ch. 12 (first top ...
... t The nucleophile adds to the δ+ carbon t The π electrons shift to the oxygen t The carbon becomes sp 3 hybridized (tetrahedral!) t Several chapters in Organic II t For now, two nucleophiles that convert carbonyls to alcohols: l Hydride ions (H-) l Carbanions (R -) – second half of Ch. 12 (first top ...
Petroleum C Notes
... Alkene - hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between C atoms. More reactive than alkanes because of double bond - they make better builder molecules. ...
... Alkene - hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between C atoms. More reactive than alkanes because of double bond - they make better builder molecules. ...
File
... halogens? All halogens have seven electrons in their outer shell. This means that: They can easily obtain a full outer shell by gaining one electron. They all gain an electron in reactions to form negative ions with a -1 charge. ...
... halogens? All halogens have seven electrons in their outer shell. This means that: They can easily obtain a full outer shell by gaining one electron. They all gain an electron in reactions to form negative ions with a -1 charge. ...
Alcohol and Ether
... Alcohols are organic compounds. They are mostly used as sweeteners and in making perfumes. Alcohols are valuable in the synthesis of other compounds. They are the most used to produce organic chemicals in industry. The two best-known of alcohols are ethanol and methanol (or methyl alcohol). ...
... Alcohols are organic compounds. They are mostly used as sweeteners and in making perfumes. Alcohols are valuable in the synthesis of other compounds. They are the most used to produce organic chemicals in industry. The two best-known of alcohols are ethanol and methanol (or methyl alcohol). ...
2202 Chapter 9 10 11 Partial
... Aromatic hydrocarbons contain at least one benzene ring. The chemical formula for benzene, C6H6 , was determined by Michael Faraday in 1825. Structural formula was determined by August Kekulé in 1865. ...
... Aromatic hydrocarbons contain at least one benzene ring. The chemical formula for benzene, C6H6 , was determined by Michael Faraday in 1825. Structural formula was determined by August Kekulé in 1865. ...
Organic Pathways
... substituted for a hydrogen, the hydrocarbon becomes polar. • Electrons are more attracted to the chlorine atom, which makes the carbon atom at the other end of the bond susceptible to be attacked by anions. • For example, chloromethane is converted to methanol when it reacted with hydroxide ions. • ...
... substituted for a hydrogen, the hydrocarbon becomes polar. • Electrons are more attracted to the chlorine atom, which makes the carbon atom at the other end of the bond susceptible to be attacked by anions. • For example, chloromethane is converted to methanol when it reacted with hydroxide ions. • ...
Main Menu - MsReenChemistry
... Alkenes are the same as alkanes but have one C=C double bond. Alkynes have one C≡C triple bond. The suffix for the alkene homologous series is ‘-ene’. The suffix for the alkyne homologous series is ‘-yne’. Task: draw full structural and skeletal formulas for each of the straight-chain alkenes up to ...
... Alkenes are the same as alkanes but have one C=C double bond. Alkynes have one C≡C triple bond. The suffix for the alkene homologous series is ‘-ene’. The suffix for the alkyne homologous series is ‘-yne’. Task: draw full structural and skeletal formulas for each of the straight-chain alkenes up to ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... The typical reaction type of carboxylic acid derivatives is nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl carbon. [Aldehydes and ketones usually undergo nucleophilic addition because they do not contain reasonable leaving groups: R- and H- are poor leaving groups.] A generalized reaction mechanism unde ...
... The typical reaction type of carboxylic acid derivatives is nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl carbon. [Aldehydes and ketones usually undergo nucleophilic addition because they do not contain reasonable leaving groups: R- and H- are poor leaving groups.] A generalized reaction mechanism unde ...
Dess-Martin Oxidation
... • Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) is a chemical reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones ...
... • Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) is a chemical reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones ...
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
... b. Two substituents, cite them alphabetically and give the number 1 position to the first substituent. c. Three or more substituents, the substituent given the number 1 is the one that results in a second substituent getting as low a number as possible. ...
... b. Two substituents, cite them alphabetically and give the number 1 position to the first substituent. c. Three or more substituents, the substituent given the number 1 is the one that results in a second substituent getting as low a number as possible. ...
Document
... To provide the students with an understanding of the behavior of organic compounds, the interaction of the major functional groups in multifunctional compounds. In addition to that, diferent steps of some drugs synthesis including their mechanism of reactions will be discussed. Course Description: T ...
... To provide the students with an understanding of the behavior of organic compounds, the interaction of the major functional groups in multifunctional compounds. In addition to that, diferent steps of some drugs synthesis including their mechanism of reactions will be discussed. Course Description: T ...
Haloalkane
The haloalkanes (also known, as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula ″RX″ where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced synthetically in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the development of organic chemistry and the understanding of the structure of alkanes. Methods were developed for the selective formation of C-halogen bonds. Especially versatile methods included the addition of halogens to alkenes, hydrohalogenation of alkenes, and the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides. These methods are so reliable and so easily implemented that haloalkanes became cheaply available for use in industrial chemistry because the halide could be further replaced by other functional groups.While most haloalkanes are human-produced, non-artificial-source haloalkanes do occur on Earth, mostly through enzyme-mediated synthesis by bacteria, fungi, and especially sea macroalgae (seaweeds). More than 1600 halogenated organics have been identified, with bromoalkanes being the most common haloalkanes. Brominated organics in biology range from biologically produced methyl bromide to non-alkane aromatics and unsaturates (indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, and phenols). Halogenated alkanes in land plants are more rare, but do occur, as for example the fluoroacetate produced as a toxin by at least 40 species of known plants. Specific dehalogenase enzymes in bacteria which remove halogens from haloalkanes, are also known.