Isolation of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Virus from
... containing a mixture of Medium 199 and Eagle's MEM supplemented with 50/0 foetal calf serum (FCS) or in maintenance medium which had the same composition but with 3 ~ FCS. Virus and eirus titration. The B°I strain was used. This strain was originally isolated in cell culture from a tumour specimen o ...
... containing a mixture of Medium 199 and Eagle's MEM supplemented with 50/0 foetal calf serum (FCS) or in maintenance medium which had the same composition but with 3 ~ FCS. Virus and eirus titration. The B°I strain was used. This strain was originally isolated in cell culture from a tumour specimen o ...
Avian Influenza Facts
... human infection with bird flu viruses have occurred since 1997. • The virus was first isolated in birds in South Africa in 1961. • Outbreaks of bird flu have recently occurred among poultry in nine countries in Asia, including Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand ...
... human infection with bird flu viruses have occurred since 1997. • The virus was first isolated in birds in South Africa in 1961. • Outbreaks of bird flu have recently occurred among poultry in nine countries in Asia, including Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... • Within a month or two after exposure to the virus some experience flu-like illness such as: • fever, headache, fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, night sweats, enlarged lymph nodes ...
... • Within a month or two after exposure to the virus some experience flu-like illness such as: • fever, headache, fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, night sweats, enlarged lymph nodes ...
Fact Sheet - Wildlife Health Australia
... 2005; Brunner et al. 2007). Salamander larvae become infectious soon after ATV exposure, while their ability to infect increases with time. In the wild, ATV appears to be reintroduced to ponds each year by adults returning from terrestrial refugia to breed, and from sub-lethally infected dispersing ...
... 2005; Brunner et al. 2007). Salamander larvae become infectious soon after ATV exposure, while their ability to infect increases with time. In the wild, ATV appears to be reintroduced to ponds each year by adults returning from terrestrial refugia to breed, and from sub-lethally infected dispersing ...
1. Background on HPAI H5N1 control policies in
... ducks within four days of virus challenge [7, 8]. In addition, mortality figures caused ...
... ducks within four days of virus challenge [7, 8]. In addition, mortality figures caused ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... • Within a month or two after exposure to the virus some experience flu-like illness such as: • fever, headache, fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, night sweats, enlarged lymph nodes ...
... • Within a month or two after exposure to the virus some experience flu-like illness such as: • fever, headache, fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, night sweats, enlarged lymph nodes ...
Hendra virus disease in horses
... demonstrated in the brain using immunofluorescence and i m m u n o e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p y , and typical HeV nucleocapsids w e r e s e e n in ultra-thin sections of neuronal cells (6, 9). T h e polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was u s e d to detect HeV in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tis ...
... demonstrated in the brain using immunofluorescence and i m m u n o e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p y , and typical HeV nucleocapsids w e r e s e e n in ultra-thin sections of neuronal cells (6, 9). T h e polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was u s e d to detect HeV in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tis ...
Introduction to Infectious Disease Epidemiology
... Copyright 2007, The Johns Hopkins University and Kenrad Nelson. All rights reserved. Use of these materials permitted only in accordance with license rights granted. Materials provided “AS IS”; no representations or warranties provided. User assumes all responsibility for use, and all liability rela ...
... Copyright 2007, The Johns Hopkins University and Kenrad Nelson. All rights reserved. Use of these materials permitted only in accordance with license rights granted. Materials provided “AS IS”; no representations or warranties provided. User assumes all responsibility for use, and all liability rela ...
Transmission of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) through natural
... 100% mortality from Day 7 post-inoculation and onwards. This is more than a week before the inoculated fish show any clinical signs and long before the typical petechial bleedings occur. A bloodborne transmission of the disease is therefore unlikely. Skin mucus, faeces, urine and blood, isolated fro ...
... 100% mortality from Day 7 post-inoculation and onwards. This is more than a week before the inoculated fish show any clinical signs and long before the typical petechial bleedings occur. A bloodborne transmission of the disease is therefore unlikely. Skin mucus, faeces, urine and blood, isolated fro ...
2.2.5 Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis
... recovery of IPNV under natural and experimentally-induced conditions suggests that avian, mammalian, and invertebrate species might serve as passive mechanical vectors for horizontal transmission of IPNV to fishes. ...
... recovery of IPNV under natural and experimentally-induced conditions suggests that avian, mammalian, and invertebrate species might serve as passive mechanical vectors for horizontal transmission of IPNV to fishes. ...
Hepatitis C - Harm Reduction Coalition
... liver cancer. In fact, viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer and the most common reason for liver ...
... liver cancer. In fact, viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer and the most common reason for liver ...
Human Immunoglobulin as a Treatment for West Nile Virus Infection
... barrier. Studies in humans without inflamed meninges show that IgG enters at very low levels [25]. Entry is enhanced, however, once inflammation is present. In a study of patients who developed aseptic meningitis as a complication of highdose IVIG therapy for autoimmune disease, IgG levels of 1.5–7 ...
... barrier. Studies in humans without inflamed meninges show that IgG enters at very low levels [25]. Entry is enhanced, however, once inflammation is present. In a study of patients who developed aseptic meningitis as a complication of highdose IVIG therapy for autoimmune disease, IgG levels of 1.5–7 ...
Immunology - FeLV - Prestige Animal Hospital
... This virus is not known to infect people; however, cats with this disease may harbor other infectious agents that can be spread to humans with weakened immune systems (such as individuals with HIV/AIDS, people undergoing chemotherapy treatments, etc.). Therefore, cats with feline leukemia infection ...
... This virus is not known to infect people; however, cats with this disease may harbor other infectious agents that can be spread to humans with weakened immune systems (such as individuals with HIV/AIDS, people undergoing chemotherapy treatments, etc.). Therefore, cats with feline leukemia infection ...
SERION Complement Fixation Test (CFT)
... allowing the test to be evaluated visually. A button of red cells indicates a positive whereas a reddish clear solution is negative. ...
... allowing the test to be evaluated visually. A button of red cells indicates a positive whereas a reddish clear solution is negative. ...
Bloodborne Pathogens Training
... Work environment is evaluated for actual and potential hazards for exposure An identifying list of job classifications that have actual and collateral risk for occupational exposure has been made Tasks have been identified with recommendations made to reduce the potential of exposure to blood throug ...
... Work environment is evaluated for actual and potential hazards for exposure An identifying list of job classifications that have actual and collateral risk for occupational exposure has been made Tasks have been identified with recommendations made to reduce the potential of exposure to blood throug ...
standard operating procedures for cell sorting
... materials. Remove protective clothing before entering non-laboratory areas. Dispose of PPE in the appropriate container. Eye and face protection is used for anticipated splashes or sprays of infectious or other hazardous materials when the microorganisms are handled outside the Cell Sorter. Eye and ...
... materials. Remove protective clothing before entering non-laboratory areas. Dispose of PPE in the appropriate container. Eye and face protection is used for anticipated splashes or sprays of infectious or other hazardous materials when the microorganisms are handled outside the Cell Sorter. Eye and ...
G Steroids and Childhood Encephalitis ESPID R R
... acyclovir-induced inhibition of viral replication in experimental animals.5 Moreover, as the CNS signs and symptoms following HSV infection are not only due to direct virus-mediated tissue damage but also due to an autoimmune mechanism, it is possible that GS may have a beneficial effect on the evol ...
... acyclovir-induced inhibition of viral replication in experimental animals.5 Moreover, as the CNS signs and symptoms following HSV infection are not only due to direct virus-mediated tissue damage but also due to an autoimmune mechanism, it is possible that GS may have a beneficial effect on the evol ...
ANNEX 1 Standard Precautions for Hospital Infection
... The recommendations in this manual assume 1 or 2 VHF cases have occurred in a non-outbreak situation. When more than 1 or 2 VHF patients present in the health facility, additional precautions need to be taken. When Ebola haemorrhagic fever occurs, initially there may be as many as 10 cases. When a V ...
... The recommendations in this manual assume 1 or 2 VHF cases have occurred in a non-outbreak situation. When more than 1 or 2 VHF patients present in the health facility, additional precautions need to be taken. When Ebola haemorrhagic fever occurs, initially there may be as many as 10 cases. When a V ...
Genomic analysis of emerging pathogens: methods, application and future trends
... and produce estimates of epidemiological parameters, such as the reproductive number (R0). The focus on the coalescent framework in this review is due to its more pervasive use in the literature and its greater versatility when integrated with epidemiological models compared to birth-death models. B ...
... and produce estimates of epidemiological parameters, such as the reproductive number (R0). The focus on the coalescent framework in this review is due to its more pervasive use in the literature and its greater versatility when integrated with epidemiological models compared to birth-death models. B ...
This leaflet is to tell you about Viral Gastroenteritis. Although this
... from food. The virus can survive in the environment for several days. These viruses are rarely caught from an animal. It is very easy to catch because the vomit and diarrhoea of an infected person contains millions of virus particles, while the number needed to transmit Norovirus infection can be as ...
... from food. The virus can survive in the environment for several days. These viruses are rarely caught from an animal. It is very easy to catch because the vomit and diarrhoea of an infected person contains millions of virus particles, while the number needed to transmit Norovirus infection can be as ...
74. Status of foot-and-mouth disease in Pakistan
... The study shows that FMD is endemic and widely spread throughout Pakistan. The study reveals that major FMD outbreaks are caused by serotype O virus compared to serotype A or Asia-1. This finding is in agreement with Rweyemamu et al (2008), who reported that serotype O was the most widely prevalent ...
... The study shows that FMD is endemic and widely spread throughout Pakistan. The study reveals that major FMD outbreaks are caused by serotype O virus compared to serotype A or Asia-1. This finding is in agreement with Rweyemamu et al (2008), who reported that serotype O was the most widely prevalent ...
Bloodborne Pathogens Training
... Hepatitis B Vaccination Consent-Declination Form I understand the benefits and risks of the Hepatitis B vaccination. I understand that I must receive at least 3 intramuscular doses of vaccine in the arm over a 6-month period to confer immunity. However, as with all medical treatment, there is no gua ...
... Hepatitis B Vaccination Consent-Declination Form I understand the benefits and risks of the Hepatitis B vaccination. I understand that I must receive at least 3 intramuscular doses of vaccine in the arm over a 6-month period to confer immunity. However, as with all medical treatment, there is no gua ...
Bloodborne Pathogens Module
... Hepatitis B Vaccination Consent-Declination Form I understand the benefits and risks of the Hepatitis B vaccination. I understand that I must receive at least 3 intramuscular doses of vaccine in the arm over a 6-month period to confer immunity. However, as with all medical treatment, there is no gua ...
... Hepatitis B Vaccination Consent-Declination Form I understand the benefits and risks of the Hepatitis B vaccination. I understand that I must receive at least 3 intramuscular doses of vaccine in the arm over a 6-month period to confer immunity. However, as with all medical treatment, there is no gua ...
Swamp Fever, Mountain Fever (tick), Slow Fever, Equine Paludism
... present in the plasma during febrile episodes. Symptomatic horses are the more likely to transmit the disease than those with inapparent infections. After resting on an asymptomatic carrier, only 1 out of 6 million of flies becomes a vector. There has also been reported high levels of viremia in mul ...
... present in the plasma during febrile episodes. Symptomatic horses are the more likely to transmit the disease than those with inapparent infections. After resting on an asymptomatic carrier, only 1 out of 6 million of flies becomes a vector. There has also been reported high levels of viremia in mul ...
Kitten Wellness Exam
... disinfectants. Until recent years, panleukopenia was the most serious infectious disease of cats, claiming the lives of thousands every year. Thanks to the highly effective vaccines currently available, panleukopenia is now considered to be an uncommon disease. However, because of the serious nature ...
... disinfectants. Until recent years, panleukopenia was the most serious infectious disease of cats, claiming the lives of thousands every year. Thanks to the highly effective vaccines currently available, panleukopenia is now considered to be an uncommon disease. However, because of the serious nature ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}