Canine Distemper Virus - Valdosta State University
... Transmission of CDV occurs via an aerosol-droplet route, direct contact, or possibly by contact with contaminated objects (Mitchell et al., 1999). Pathologic lesions form and are mostly found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, lymphoid tissues and central nervous system (Frisk et al., 1 ...
... Transmission of CDV occurs via an aerosol-droplet route, direct contact, or possibly by contact with contaminated objects (Mitchell et al., 1999). Pathologic lesions form and are mostly found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, lymphoid tissues and central nervous system (Frisk et al., 1 ...
Liver infections
... Prevention/Treatment: There is two major treatment options: 1) vaccine, 2) immune globulin. Both of these should be administered to persons who are at risks groups (i.e.: travellers, military personnel, homosexuals, drug users, chronic liver disease). If a person has been exposed, then administering ...
... Prevention/Treatment: There is two major treatment options: 1) vaccine, 2) immune globulin. Both of these should be administered to persons who are at risks groups (i.e.: travellers, military personnel, homosexuals, drug users, chronic liver disease). If a person has been exposed, then administering ...
West Nile Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals
... human cases. Other locations had lower MIRs, but five of eight had MIRs greater than 1. An MIR of 1 with St. Louis encephalitis virus, a related flavivirus, in Florida has been understood to signify increased risk to humans.13 It is important to recognize, however, that the WNV MIRs reported here ar ...
... human cases. Other locations had lower MIRs, but five of eight had MIRs greater than 1. An MIR of 1 with St. Louis encephalitis virus, a related flavivirus, in Florida has been understood to signify increased risk to humans.13 It is important to recognize, however, that the WNV MIRs reported here ar ...
GVN-Norovirus-Statement-04-07-2015
... symptoms begin and for days after symptoms resolve. The viruses can survive in water and on food, clothing, and surfaces for long periods. Noroviruses are also relatively resistant, meaning that it can be difficult to fully decontaminate surfaces or food. Because of these factors, noroviruses spread ...
... symptoms begin and for days after symptoms resolve. The viruses can survive in water and on food, clothing, and surfaces for long periods. Noroviruses are also relatively resistant, meaning that it can be difficult to fully decontaminate surfaces or food. Because of these factors, noroviruses spread ...
Diapositiva 1
... Droplet spread is classified as direct because transmission is by direct spray over a few feet, before the droplets fall to the ground. Droplets are relatively large (>5 µm) and projected up to about one meter. ...
... Droplet spread is classified as direct because transmission is by direct spray over a few feet, before the droplets fall to the ground. Droplets are relatively large (>5 µm) and projected up to about one meter. ...
Reducing the spread of the virus between employees
... 4.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENT: Reducing the spread of the virus between employees Version 6, June 2009 for alcohol-based sanitizers. Some commercially available preparations available contain less than this amount. Non-alcohol based preparations contain benzalkonium chloride. Hand sanitizers are not a sub ...
... 4.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENT: Reducing the spread of the virus between employees Version 6, June 2009 for alcohol-based sanitizers. Some commercially available preparations available contain less than this amount. Non-alcohol based preparations contain benzalkonium chloride. Hand sanitizers are not a sub ...
Feline Respiratory Disease Complex
... • If corneal ulcers occur in FVR infections ophthalmic preparations are indicated in addition to other antibiotic preparations. • Lysine (250mg PO bid-tid) interferes with herpetic viral replication and may reduce severity of FVR. • Antihistamines may be beneficial early in course of disease. • If d ...
... • If corneal ulcers occur in FVR infections ophthalmic preparations are indicated in addition to other antibiotic preparations. • Lysine (250mg PO bid-tid) interferes with herpetic viral replication and may reduce severity of FVR. • Antihistamines may be beneficial early in course of disease. • If d ...
The 1918 Flu Killed Millions – Article
... One clue could come from knowing what flu viruses existed before the 1918 pandemic. Perhaps the 1918 virus entered the human population before 1918 in a more benign form then mutated to become a killer. Or perhaps it suddenly showed up in humans, jumping directly from birds to people. To find out, D ...
... One clue could come from knowing what flu viruses existed before the 1918 pandemic. Perhaps the 1918 virus entered the human population before 1918 in a more benign form then mutated to become a killer. Or perhaps it suddenly showed up in humans, jumping directly from birds to people. To find out, D ...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Factsheet
... Almost all children get RSV at least once before they are 2 years old. RSV is usually a mild disease that goes away on its own. In very young children RSV can sometimes lead to serious infections like pneumonia or bronchiolitis. What are the symptoms and duration of RSV? In most children, RSV usuall ...
... Almost all children get RSV at least once before they are 2 years old. RSV is usually a mild disease that goes away on its own. In very young children RSV can sometimes lead to serious infections like pneumonia or bronchiolitis. What are the symptoms and duration of RSV? In most children, RSV usuall ...
Epidemic outbreaks on structured populations
... observe the infection of a social bridge is very small as well, resulting in the mixing between the intra- and intercommunity transmissions. In contrast, when D is large it takes a longer time to observe the infection of a social bridge and by that time the intra-community outbreak has significantly ...
... observe the infection of a social bridge is very small as well, resulting in the mixing between the intra- and intercommunity transmissions. In contrast, when D is large it takes a longer time to observe the infection of a social bridge and by that time the intra-community outbreak has significantly ...
WCG Biosafety™ Ebolavirus Disease (EVD) Preparedness Training
... WCG Biosafety™ Ebolavirus Disease (EVD) Preparedness Training In response to the incidence of Ebolavirus disease (EVD) in West Africa and around the world, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Emory University have issued new guidelines to minimize the risk of viral exposure and ...
... WCG Biosafety™ Ebolavirus Disease (EVD) Preparedness Training In response to the incidence of Ebolavirus disease (EVD) in West Africa and around the world, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Emory University have issued new guidelines to minimize the risk of viral exposure and ...
Chemical Composition of Cowpea Seeds as influenced by
... Carbohydrate fractions (total, reducing, non-reducing sugars and starch) were reduced due to virus infection. The SBMV caused greater reductions in carbohydrate contents of fruit parts (Table 1). Virus induced disturbances in carbohydrate synthesis in leaves may directly influence its distribution i ...
... Carbohydrate fractions (total, reducing, non-reducing sugars and starch) were reduced due to virus infection. The SBMV caused greater reductions in carbohydrate contents of fruit parts (Table 1). Virus induced disturbances in carbohydrate synthesis in leaves may directly influence its distribution i ...
Editorial Recent Trends in Emerging Infectious Diseases
... next 100 years and reached 6 billion 70 years after that. By the end of 21st century the world population could be between 14 and 18 billion. In the global human population, the emergence of 335 infectious diseases between 1940 and 2004 has been reported. The emergence of these pathogens and their s ...
... next 100 years and reached 6 billion 70 years after that. By the end of 21st century the world population could be between 14 and 18 billion. In the global human population, the emergence of 335 infectious diseases between 1940 and 2004 has been reported. The emergence of these pathogens and their s ...
SRS-02 BioSafety Policy - Cleveland VA Medical Research and
... APPENDIX A. Biological Safety Cabinets Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs) are the most common containment devices used in laboratories working with infectious agents. BSCs are used for laboratory procedures that involve aerosols, potential splashes, and manipulations involving high concentrations an ...
... APPENDIX A. Biological Safety Cabinets Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs) are the most common containment devices used in laboratories working with infectious agents. BSCs are used for laboratory procedures that involve aerosols, potential splashes, and manipulations involving high concentrations an ...
FeLV, FIV, and FIP - frequently asked questions!
... FeLV-What can be done when there is a positive cat in the household? A positive result does not necessarily mean the cat will show clinical signs at the same time. In 60% of the cases cats only get infected transiently. The survival rate of the virus can be very long in these transiently infected ca ...
... FeLV-What can be done when there is a positive cat in the household? A positive result does not necessarily mean the cat will show clinical signs at the same time. In 60% of the cases cats only get infected transiently. The survival rate of the virus can be very long in these transiently infected ca ...
THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION
... engineer a more virulent strain of smallpox that could overwhelm the human immune system in even well-vaccinated individuals…. It has been suggested that either the paper should not have been published, or at the very least the ‘materials and methods’ section…should have been altered or omitted enti ...
... engineer a more virulent strain of smallpox that could overwhelm the human immune system in even well-vaccinated individuals…. It has been suggested that either the paper should not have been published, or at the very least the ‘materials and methods’ section…should have been altered or omitted enti ...
Equine West Nile Encephalitis: Epidermiological and Clinical
... The vaccination protocol specifies two doses of vaccine, administered IM, 3– 6 wk apart. Vaccination was employed in the fall of 2001, concurrent with virus activity in the eastern United States. Therefore, horses were unable to receive both vaccine doses and develop a response to the vaccine before ...
... The vaccination protocol specifies two doses of vaccine, administered IM, 3– 6 wk apart. Vaccination was employed in the fall of 2001, concurrent with virus activity in the eastern United States. Therefore, horses were unable to receive both vaccine doses and develop a response to the vaccine before ...
Slide 1
... transmitted sexually or by injection, cause jaundice and flulike symptoms. The hepatitis C virus spreads mostly by shared needles in intravenous drug use and can cause liver cirrhosis and cancer after a long latent period. Until recently there was no test to detect it in blood, and many people were ...
... transmitted sexually or by injection, cause jaundice and flulike symptoms. The hepatitis C virus spreads mostly by shared needles in intravenous drug use and can cause liver cirrhosis and cancer after a long latent period. Until recently there was no test to detect it in blood, and many people were ...
Viruses - OpenStax CNX
... conditions found in the host. These attenuated viruses thus still cause an infection, but they do not grow very well, allowing the immune response to develop in time to prevent major disease. The danger of using live vaccines, which are usually more eective than killed vaccines, is the low but sign ...
... conditions found in the host. These attenuated viruses thus still cause an infection, but they do not grow very well, allowing the immune response to develop in time to prevent major disease. The danger of using live vaccines, which are usually more eective than killed vaccines, is the low but sign ...
Viruses
... • _______________: results from cells that ____________________________ • Some viruses can cause cancer because they contain _________________: genes that _______________________________________________. • Other viruses cause cancer because they ___________________________________ __________________ ...
... • _______________: results from cells that ____________________________ • Some viruses can cause cancer because they contain _________________: genes that _______________________________________________. • Other viruses cause cancer because they ___________________________________ __________________ ...
Enterovirus D68 (EV 68)
... secretions, such as saliva, nasal mucus, or sputum. EV 68 likely spreads from person to person when an infected person coughs, sneezes or touches surfaces contaminated with virus. ...
... secretions, such as saliva, nasal mucus, or sputum. EV 68 likely spreads from person to person when an infected person coughs, sneezes or touches surfaces contaminated with virus. ...
Viral Persistence
... If genome is in terminally differentiated cells (e.g. neurons for HSV), no need to replicate genome, but signals required for reactivation (e.g. fever, sunburn, trigeminal nerve insult) Latently infected cells express little if any viral proteins, permitting escape from immune surveillance ...
... If genome is in terminally differentiated cells (e.g. neurons for HSV), no need to replicate genome, but signals required for reactivation (e.g. fever, sunburn, trigeminal nerve insult) Latently infected cells express little if any viral proteins, permitting escape from immune surveillance ...
Jan 19-20 Spatial Diffusion of Disease
... • Subsequent research has shown that the threshold for measles, or indeed any other infectious disease, is likely to be somewhat variable with the level influenced by population densities and vaccination levels. • However, the threshold principle demonstrated by Bartlett remains intact. Once the pop ...
... • Subsequent research has shown that the threshold for measles, or indeed any other infectious disease, is likely to be somewhat variable with the level influenced by population densities and vaccination levels. • However, the threshold principle demonstrated by Bartlett remains intact. Once the pop ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}