About-hiv-viruses
... involves the transmission through breast milk because HIV is present in many body fluids (Parilla). Horizontal transmission is the transmission of a virus through means of the respiratory tract, fecal-oral route, or even contact of bodies (Parilla). The most common way for HIV to be spread from hum ...
... involves the transmission through breast milk because HIV is present in many body fluids (Parilla). Horizontal transmission is the transmission of a virus through means of the respiratory tract, fecal-oral route, or even contact of bodies (Parilla). The most common way for HIV to be spread from hum ...
presentation as PDF file
... economic loss to an important pig-rearing industry. This highly virulent virus, believed to be introduced into pig farms by fruit bats, spread easily among pigs and was transmitted to humans who came into close contact with infected animals. From pigs, the virus has also been transmitted to other an ...
... economic loss to an important pig-rearing industry. This highly virulent virus, believed to be introduced into pig farms by fruit bats, spread easily among pigs and was transmitted to humans who came into close contact with infected animals. From pigs, the virus has also been transmitted to other an ...
adaptation of an indigenous very virulent infectious bursal disease
... rotation to allow adsorption. One flask was kept as uninoculated control. Five ml of maintenance medium (M199 medium with 2% FCS) was added to each flask. The flasks were incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 and monolayers were examined twice daily under inverted microscope for cytopathic effects (CPEs). Har ...
... rotation to allow adsorption. One flask was kept as uninoculated control. Five ml of maintenance medium (M199 medium with 2% FCS) was added to each flask. The flasks were incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 and monolayers were examined twice daily under inverted microscope for cytopathic effects (CPEs). Har ...
Polymorphic Exanthem Induced By Amoxycillin In A Child Case With
... reactions before, such as the case of our patient [8]. EBV infection can cause %10 of eruptions which have a broad spectrum from nonspecific erythematous eruption to morbilliform, vesicular, polymorphic rashes. Whereas this eruption often begins at 4-6th days of the disease and clears up in 1 week, ...
... reactions before, such as the case of our patient [8]. EBV infection can cause %10 of eruptions which have a broad spectrum from nonspecific erythematous eruption to morbilliform, vesicular, polymorphic rashes. Whereas this eruption often begins at 4-6th days of the disease and clears up in 1 week, ...
Leendertz et al., 2006 - The Nunn Lab at Duke University
... nest, despite no signs of disease the previous day. 14th February 2002, Léo, the alpha male, behaved normally initially, but at 11h00, vomited, had trouble getting up and died 3 h later. Necropsy of both animals revealed highly inflamed red to black coloured intestines, enlarged lymph nodes and hae ...
... nest, despite no signs of disease the previous day. 14th February 2002, Léo, the alpha male, behaved normally initially, but at 11h00, vomited, had trouble getting up and died 3 h later. Necropsy of both animals revealed highly inflamed red to black coloured intestines, enlarged lymph nodes and hae ...
Epstein-Barr Viral Hepatitis: An Unusual Case of Scleral
... Treatment for primary Epstein-Barr viral hepatitis is usually supportive as it is generally self-limiting. Steroids and antiviral medications have been utilized to treat cases of severe viral hepatitis. Acyclovir has not been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of severe EBV hepatitis. There ar ...
... Treatment for primary Epstein-Barr viral hepatitis is usually supportive as it is generally self-limiting. Steroids and antiviral medications have been utilized to treat cases of severe viral hepatitis. Acyclovir has not been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of severe EBV hepatitis. There ar ...
Macaques infected with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus
... Almond, personal communication). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that antibodies are not responsible for superinfection resistance in this system. It is possible that virulent virus arose by escape from an immunodominant CTL response. CTL responses to nef can efficiently limit early viru ...
... Almond, personal communication). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that antibodies are not responsible for superinfection resistance in this system. It is possible that virulent virus arose by escape from an immunodominant CTL response. CTL responses to nef can efficiently limit early viru ...
20130822150015301
... NEED to test other hypotheses & Models – Persistence R0 = Transmission* Infectious Period (1/mortality) R0 with High transmission * Low infectious period = Low Transmission * High infectious period But Different dynamics & Persistence likelihood ...
... NEED to test other hypotheses & Models – Persistence R0 = Transmission* Infectious Period (1/mortality) R0 with High transmission * Low infectious period = Low Transmission * High infectious period But Different dynamics & Persistence likelihood ...
guidelines for handling body fluids in schools
... 4. How should such fluids when spilled be removed from the environment? The following guidelines ace meant to provide simple and effective precautions against transmission of disease for all persons, including pregnant women, potentially exposed to the blood or body fluids of any student. No distinc ...
... 4. How should such fluids when spilled be removed from the environment? The following guidelines ace meant to provide simple and effective precautions against transmission of disease for all persons, including pregnant women, potentially exposed to the blood or body fluids of any student. No distinc ...
What is CMV
... Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the herpes viruses. This group of viruses includes the herpes simplex viruses, varicella‐zoster virus (which causes chickenpox and shingles), and Epstein‐Barr virus (which causes infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono). CMV is a common infection that is usual ...
... Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the herpes viruses. This group of viruses includes the herpes simplex viruses, varicella‐zoster virus (which causes chickenpox and shingles), and Epstein‐Barr virus (which causes infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono). CMV is a common infection that is usual ...
Transcript
... new ones, and viral pathogenesis—how viruses cause disease and escape from the immune system. 2) One of the things you want to remember when we talk about viruses is the molecular biology dogma, and that dogma is DNA -> RNA -> Protein. DNA in eukaryotic cells is in the nucleus; it gets transcribed t ...
... new ones, and viral pathogenesis—how viruses cause disease and escape from the immune system. 2) One of the things you want to remember when we talk about viruses is the molecular biology dogma, and that dogma is DNA -> RNA -> Protein. DNA in eukaryotic cells is in the nucleus; it gets transcribed t ...
here
... Certain symptoms of infectious diseases can serve as red flags for medical evaluation and medical care. These include changes in appetite, behavior, skin, eye color, and bowel habits (including abdominal pain), a fever, rash, sore throat, cough, earache, nasal discharge, and congestion (see Figure 1 ...
... Certain symptoms of infectious diseases can serve as red flags for medical evaluation and medical care. These include changes in appetite, behavior, skin, eye color, and bowel habits (including abdominal pain), a fever, rash, sore throat, cough, earache, nasal discharge, and congestion (see Figure 1 ...
Roseola
... The virus is spread from person to person by droplets from the nose or mouth travelling through the air or by direct contact. The tiny droplets of fluid are expelled when an infected person talks, coughs, sneezes or laughs. If people touch these droplets and then touch their own noses or mouths they ...
... The virus is spread from person to person by droplets from the nose or mouth travelling through the air or by direct contact. The tiny droplets of fluid are expelled when an infected person talks, coughs, sneezes or laughs. If people touch these droplets and then touch their own noses or mouths they ...
Viruses vs. Prokaryotes
... Mimivirus, a double-stranded DNA virus, is the largest virus yet discovered There is controversy about whether this virus evolved before or after cells ...
... Mimivirus, a double-stranded DNA virus, is the largest virus yet discovered There is controversy about whether this virus evolved before or after cells ...
HeNdRA vIRuS - National Campdraft Council of Australia
... facial shields, safety eyewear and respiratory protective devices should be used when Hendra virus is a ...
... facial shields, safety eyewear and respiratory protective devices should be used when Hendra virus is a ...
Equine Infectious Anemia - Foothill Mobile Veterinary Service
... Transmission Equine infectious anemia is transmitted mechanically on the mouthparts of biting flies in the genus Stomoxys (horse flies and deer flies). Transmission is more common in the summer and in humid, swampy regions. EIA can also be spread on contaminated needles or surgical instruments, and ...
... Transmission Equine infectious anemia is transmitted mechanically on the mouthparts of biting flies in the genus Stomoxys (horse flies and deer flies). Transmission is more common in the summer and in humid, swampy regions. EIA can also be spread on contaminated needles or surgical instruments, and ...
production of hyperimmune serum against infectious bursal disease
... inoculated with chloroform treated IBDV, group B1 with pelleted IBD virus, while rabbits of group C1 were kept as un-inoculated control (Table 1). The rabbits were bled fortnightly and their antibody titre against IBD was determined through IHA test. Phase II The pelleted IBD virus obtained through ...
... inoculated with chloroform treated IBDV, group B1 with pelleted IBD virus, while rabbits of group C1 were kept as un-inoculated control (Table 1). The rabbits were bled fortnightly and their antibody titre against IBD was determined through IHA test. Phase II The pelleted IBD virus obtained through ...
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... CCHHS Director of Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Control. “While much of the attention has been on Ebola and Enterovirus D68, influenza is a serious disease that will affect more people and can range from mild to life-threatening.” In addition to getting vaccinated, residents should practice t ...
... CCHHS Director of Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Control. “While much of the attention has been on Ebola and Enterovirus D68, influenza is a serious disease that will affect more people and can range from mild to life-threatening.” In addition to getting vaccinated, residents should practice t ...
Sept2_Lecture3
... •Early in the 1980's, a number of gay and bisexual men developed Kaposi's Sarcoma, which had previously been a rare skin cancer seen primarily in the Mediterranean and Africa. Investigation into these new cases of KS and pneumocystic pneumonia led, in part, to the identification of the Acquired Immu ...
... •Early in the 1980's, a number of gay and bisexual men developed Kaposi's Sarcoma, which had previously been a rare skin cancer seen primarily in the Mediterranean and Africa. Investigation into these new cases of KS and pneumocystic pneumonia led, in part, to the identification of the Acquired Immu ...
Pandemics – The Threat That Will Never Go Away
... According to the Geneva-based World Health Organization (WHO), a part of the United Nations, an influenza pandemic can go through six phases: ...
... According to the Geneva-based World Health Organization (WHO), a part of the United Nations, an influenza pandemic can go through six phases: ...
If Foot-and-Mouth Disease Came to Florida: Potential Impact
... On April 20, 2001, the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies hosted a meeting to discuss wildlife issues regarding foot-and-mouth disease. At that meeting Dr. Alfonso Torres, Deputy Administrator for Veterinary Services, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), sta ...
... On April 20, 2001, the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies hosted a meeting to discuss wildlife issues regarding foot-and-mouth disease. At that meeting Dr. Alfonso Torres, Deputy Administrator for Veterinary Services, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), sta ...
04-05-2015-RRA-Zika virus-South America, Brazil - ECDC
... ZIKV diagnosis is primarily based on detection of viral RNA from clinical specimens. The viraemic period is considered to be short, allowing for direct virus detection only during the first three to five days after onset of symptoms [3,30]. Specific assays have been published for Asian and African Z ...
... ZIKV diagnosis is primarily based on detection of viral RNA from clinical specimens. The viraemic period is considered to be short, allowing for direct virus detection only during the first three to five days after onset of symptoms [3,30]. Specific assays have been published for Asian and African Z ...
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
... in one third of individuals; rarely fatal, mortality <1%, recovery from severe disease without sequelae in most cases; temporary or permanent neurological damage is possible; pregnancy-related infection has been associated with abortion, congenital hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis and mental retardati ...
... in one third of individuals; rarely fatal, mortality <1%, recovery from severe disease without sequelae in most cases; temporary or permanent neurological damage is possible; pregnancy-related infection has been associated with abortion, congenital hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis and mental retardati ...
Lovington Municipal Schools Universal Precautions against
... • HIV is a fragile virus which cannot survive outside of the body for an extended period of time after body fluid dries. ...
... • HIV is a fragile virus which cannot survive outside of the body for an extended period of time after body fluid dries. ...
TAXONOMY of VIRUSES
... Synthesis Maturation or assembly Release All the steps are similar for DNA and RNA viruses except for nucleic acid synthesis. ...
... Synthesis Maturation or assembly Release All the steps are similar for DNA and RNA viruses except for nucleic acid synthesis. ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}