Atieh et al. - ZIKAlliance
... In conclusion, we expect that the reverse genetics systems presented here will be directly applicable to and will greatly facilitate studies of pathophysiology or cell biology of ZIKV infection and genetic experiments aiming at therapeutics and vaccine development. Because they have been designed fr ...
... In conclusion, we expect that the reverse genetics systems presented here will be directly applicable to and will greatly facilitate studies of pathophysiology or cell biology of ZIKV infection and genetic experiments aiming at therapeutics and vaccine development. Because they have been designed fr ...
Differentiation of Rubella Virus Strains by Neutralization Kinetics
... higher than the homologous value. For HPV-77 virus, only two antisera, that is Dunning and Thomas gave normalized K values less than IOO.With the other strains of virus, RAz7/3, Cendehill, Dunning and Thomas, heterologous antisera often gave normalized K values which were much less than Ion. In one ...
... higher than the homologous value. For HPV-77 virus, only two antisera, that is Dunning and Thomas gave normalized K values less than IOO.With the other strains of virus, RAz7/3, Cendehill, Dunning and Thomas, heterologous antisera often gave normalized K values which were much less than Ion. In one ...
Equine Science & Technology
... Equine Infectious Anemia (Swamp Fever) A serious viral disease sometimes referred to ...
... Equine Infectious Anemia (Swamp Fever) A serious viral disease sometimes referred to ...
Comprehensive Genomic Study Provides Evidence that
... variants of DENV-1 in China, with 20 variants of DENV-2, and lower numbers of variants of DENV-3 and DENV-4. The researchers also identified multiple variants of both DENV1 and DENV-2 during the 2014 Guangdong outbreak. “Even within the same year, a person can catch dengue more than once if distantl ...
... variants of DENV-1 in China, with 20 variants of DENV-2, and lower numbers of variants of DENV-3 and DENV-4. The researchers also identified multiple variants of both DENV1 and DENV-2 during the 2014 Guangdong outbreak. “Even within the same year, a person can catch dengue more than once if distantl ...
The Ebola Outbreak of 2014-2015: From Coordinated Multilateral
... for the second time on September 3, 2015.[7] Then, there were 2 confirmed cases of Ebola in the week leading up to September 6, 2015 (1 in Guinea and 1 in Sierra Leone).[7] Overall, the incidence has remained stable at two or three cases per week for the six consecutive weeks leading up to September ...
... for the second time on September 3, 2015.[7] Then, there were 2 confirmed cases of Ebola in the week leading up to September 6, 2015 (1 in Guinea and 1 in Sierra Leone).[7] Overall, the incidence has remained stable at two or three cases per week for the six consecutive weeks leading up to September ...
General Properties of virus
... •2- penetration and uncoating: non envoloped virions are taken into animal cells by endocytosis where they are uncoated by lysosomal enzymes. Enveloped viruses penetrate the membrane by fusion between the virus envelope and the cell membrane releasing the nucleocapsid into the cell; uncoating may oc ...
... •2- penetration and uncoating: non envoloped virions are taken into animal cells by endocytosis where they are uncoated by lysosomal enzymes. Enveloped viruses penetrate the membrane by fusion between the virus envelope and the cell membrane releasing the nucleocapsid into the cell; uncoating may oc ...
african_swine_fever_8_important_outbreaks
... occurred in Mozambique south of the Save river for the first time and in Kenya for the first time in 30 years. In 1997/8 ASF was introduced into Madagascar for the first time, where it has become endemic, and from which it spread to Mauritius in 2007, requiring considerable efforts to eradicate it. ...
... occurred in Mozambique south of the Save river for the first time and in Kenya for the first time in 30 years. In 1997/8 ASF was introduced into Madagascar for the first time, where it has become endemic, and from which it spread to Mauritius in 2007, requiring considerable efforts to eradicate it. ...
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
... The most common way cats get the disease is through saliva and casual contact with an infected cat (ex: mutual grooming, sharing bowls, touching noses). Since this disease is rather contagious between cats, it is important to completely isolate new cats of unknown viral status and to wash your hands ...
... The most common way cats get the disease is through saliva and casual contact with an infected cat (ex: mutual grooming, sharing bowls, touching noses). Since this disease is rather contagious between cats, it is important to completely isolate new cats of unknown viral status and to wash your hands ...
VECTOR COMPETENCE OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN
... Western Hemisphere becauseof its known and competence of North and South American potential vector relationship with severalarbov- strains of Ae. albopicfus (Beaman and Turell iruses of public health importance. Shroyer 1991,Boromisaet al. 1987,Grimstadet al. 1989, (1986)provideda useful reviewof ex ...
... Western Hemisphere becauseof its known and competence of North and South American potential vector relationship with severalarbov- strains of Ae. albopicfus (Beaman and Turell iruses of public health importance. Shroyer 1991,Boromisaet al. 1987,Grimstadet al. 1989, (1986)provideda useful reviewof ex ...
Glycoprotein J of infectious laryngotracheitis virus is required for
... the parent virus USDA-ch, which had TCID50 of approximately 106 to 107 ml21. To determine whether gJ is involved in the process of entry of ILTV into cells, entry kinetic experiments were performed in the chicken liver tumour cell line (LMH) (Fig. 1). One hundred p.f.u. of gJ deletion mutants (GDgJ ...
... the parent virus USDA-ch, which had TCID50 of approximately 106 to 107 ml21. To determine whether gJ is involved in the process of entry of ILTV into cells, entry kinetic experiments were performed in the chicken liver tumour cell line (LMH) (Fig. 1). One hundred p.f.u. of gJ deletion mutants (GDgJ ...
Virology and Viral Disease
... an event fostered by agricultural encroachment of animal habitats in equatorial Africa. This is an example of how economic need has accentuated risk. HIV is not an efficient pathogen; it requires direct inoculation of infected blood or body fluids for spread. In the Euro-American world, the urban co ...
... an event fostered by agricultural encroachment of animal habitats in equatorial Africa. This is an example of how economic need has accentuated risk. HIV is not an efficient pathogen; it requires direct inoculation of infected blood or body fluids for spread. In the Euro-American world, the urban co ...
Community Training - Pandemic Influenza
... Individuals may be asked to stay at home for 710 days after contact with an infected person If you have just returned from a pandemic influenza affected area you may be asked to stay home for 7 days Work/school may be closed for a prolonged ...
... Individuals may be asked to stay at home for 710 days after contact with an infected person If you have just returned from a pandemic influenza affected area you may be asked to stay home for 7 days Work/school may be closed for a prolonged ...
infectious mononucleosis and homeopathy
... Infectious mononucleosis, "Mono," and "Kissing disease" are all expressions commonly used for the illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is transmitted through the saliva. Young children can be infected from the saliva of playmates or family members. Adolescents with the virus can spr ...
... Infectious mononucleosis, "Mono," and "Kissing disease" are all expressions commonly used for the illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is transmitted through the saliva. Young children can be infected from the saliva of playmates or family members. Adolescents with the virus can spr ...
Exposure to Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
... the virus can become active again and cause the painful rash called shingles. Incidence of shingles increases with age and immunosuppression. The rash can be in one area (localized) or everywhere (disseminated). Chickenpox is also caused by the varicella-zoster virus, however its symptoms and mode o ...
... the virus can become active again and cause the painful rash called shingles. Incidence of shingles increases with age and immunosuppression. The rash can be in one area (localized) or everywhere (disseminated). Chickenpox is also caused by the varicella-zoster virus, however its symptoms and mode o ...
Re-emerging Infectious Diseases: Is ASEAN Prepared?
... coronavirus has been responsible for 18 deaths out of the 30 cases reported since April 2012. With the recent reports of cases of infection due to close human-to-human contact, the risk of virus spread warrants increased surveillance. While the WHO has yet to issue travel advisories, the virulence o ...
... coronavirus has been responsible for 18 deaths out of the 30 cases reported since April 2012. With the recent reports of cases of infection due to close human-to-human contact, the risk of virus spread warrants increased surveillance. While the WHO has yet to issue travel advisories, the virulence o ...
THE PATHOGENICITY OF AN ISOLATE OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL
... Five weeks old guinea fowls were inoculated intraocularly with a 20% bursal suspension containing a local Nigerian isolate of infectious burfa! disease virus (IBDV) which had a bursal lesion titre of 10· per 0.5 mI. No clinical signs were observed. Gross lesions were absent and microscopic lesions w ...
... Five weeks old guinea fowls were inoculated intraocularly with a 20% bursal suspension containing a local Nigerian isolate of infectious burfa! disease virus (IBDV) which had a bursal lesion titre of 10· per 0.5 mI. No clinical signs were observed. Gross lesions were absent and microscopic lesions w ...
Lettuce chlorosis virus
... Apparently, the disease occurred in a limited area. The report concerned two sugarbeet fields in Imperial county which had shown yellowing symptoms during winter 1995-1996. However, there is no data on damage or losses. Data is also lacking on the impact of LCV on lettuce crops. Field trials were co ...
... Apparently, the disease occurred in a limited area. The report concerned two sugarbeet fields in Imperial county which had shown yellowing symptoms during winter 1995-1996. However, there is no data on damage or losses. Data is also lacking on the impact of LCV on lettuce crops. Field trials were co ...
PP 37.VP - UP w Poznaniu
... Apple mosaic virus was not detected in any of the trees tested in both locations. Apple stem grooving virus was detected only in mixed infections with Apple chlorotic ringspot virus. From the total of 183 tested apple trees from two orchards, over 50% of trees were infected with ACLSV. The virus was ...
... Apple mosaic virus was not detected in any of the trees tested in both locations. Apple stem grooving virus was detected only in mixed infections with Apple chlorotic ringspot virus. From the total of 183 tested apple trees from two orchards, over 50% of trees were infected with ACLSV. The virus was ...
Emerging Infectious Disease: A Computational Multi
... If susceptible agent is within the infection distance of an infectious agent, then the host agent infects the susceptible agent The infection of a susceptible agent is based on the infection probability defined by the user If a susceptible agent is infected its state starts transition into inc ...
... If susceptible agent is within the infection distance of an infectious agent, then the host agent infects the susceptible agent The infection of a susceptible agent is based on the infection probability defined by the user If a susceptible agent is infected its state starts transition into inc ...
a scalable discrete event stochastic agent
... for large [values of the initial number of susceptibles].” He shows that the computational effort required to determine the exact distribution for the lower tail of the total number infected is bounded. Throughout his paper, but particularly for large populations, Washburn (2015) emphasizes “estimat ...
... for large [values of the initial number of susceptibles].” He shows that the computational effort required to determine the exact distribution for the lower tail of the total number infected is bounded. Throughout his paper, but particularly for large populations, Washburn (2015) emphasizes “estimat ...
Hepatitis A-E Viruses part ІІ
... patients, when present, acute illness usually mild – Acute symptoms include jaundice, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine ...
... patients, when present, acute illness usually mild – Acute symptoms include jaundice, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine ...
supplemental reading materials
... The world witnessed the shocking speed of viral transmission by way of people traveling on airplanes when, in February 2003, a previously unknown virus originating in bats in rural China spread to Hong Kong, and two days later appeared in Toronto, Canada. The virus eventually killed 33 people there ...
... The world witnessed the shocking speed of viral transmission by way of people traveling on airplanes when, in February 2003, a previously unknown virus originating in bats in rural China spread to Hong Kong, and two days later appeared in Toronto, Canada. The virus eventually killed 33 people there ...
Pathology of Henipavirus infection in humans and
... The first known human NiV outbreak was from 1998-1999 in pig farms in Malaysia in which it was estimated a total of 350 were infected.6 In a series of 265 cases of acute NiV encephalitis in Malaysia there were 105 fatalities (40% mortality).7 The outbreak spread to Singapore where 11 abattoir worker ...
... The first known human NiV outbreak was from 1998-1999 in pig farms in Malaysia in which it was estimated a total of 350 were infected.6 In a series of 265 cases of acute NiV encephalitis in Malaysia there were 105 fatalities (40% mortality).7 The outbreak spread to Singapore where 11 abattoir worker ...
Viruses
... Uses for viruses • Vaccines – dead or weakened form that stimulates the immune system to fight the virus when exposed to it. • Genetic engineering – use a virus carrier to insert genes into diseased cells. ...
... Uses for viruses • Vaccines – dead or weakened form that stimulates the immune system to fight the virus when exposed to it. • Genetic engineering – use a virus carrier to insert genes into diseased cells. ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}