Epstein-Barr virus-recent advances
... adapted to its human host so that it is one of our most effective parasites. Since its discovery in cultured Burkitt’s lymphoma cells in 1964,1 EBV has been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, both benign and malignant, of either lymphoid or epithelial origin (table 1). Like all herpes viruses ...
... adapted to its human host so that it is one of our most effective parasites. Since its discovery in cultured Burkitt’s lymphoma cells in 1964,1 EBV has been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, both benign and malignant, of either lymphoid or epithelial origin (table 1). Like all herpes viruses ...
Smallpox vaccine
... A person with the smallpox disease is only contagious through spread of the fluids from the rashes or pustules that develop as a result of the disease. Direct contact with infected skin can transmit the virus. However, the first locations lesions appear are ...
... A person with the smallpox disease is only contagious through spread of the fluids from the rashes or pustules that develop as a result of the disease. Direct contact with infected skin can transmit the virus. However, the first locations lesions appear are ...
Brucella melitensis
... Cutaneous complications such as rashes, nodules, papules, erythema nodosum, petechiae, purpura, epistaxis and haematuria; and Opthalmic complications, including uveitis ...
... Cutaneous complications such as rashes, nodules, papules, erythema nodosum, petechiae, purpura, epistaxis and haematuria; and Opthalmic complications, including uveitis ...
BIOSAFETY MANUAL FOR MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
... vectors depends both on the dose of virus and on the nature of the transgene. Adenovirus does not integrate into the host cell genome but can produce a strong immune response. Host Range: Humans are the natural reservoir for wild type Adenovirus 5. Recombinant Adenovirus vectors infect a variety of ...
... vectors depends both on the dose of virus and on the nature of the transgene. Adenovirus does not integrate into the host cell genome but can produce a strong immune response. Host Range: Humans are the natural reservoir for wild type Adenovirus 5. Recombinant Adenovirus vectors infect a variety of ...
4-Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Jan 2010).
... • Increased travel by airplane resulting in frequent exchange of dengue viruses and other pathogens • Inadequate mosquito control services • The emergence of resistance to insecticides linked to their increased misuse. 6-Jul-17 ...
... • Increased travel by airplane resulting in frequent exchange of dengue viruses and other pathogens • Inadequate mosquito control services • The emergence of resistance to insecticides linked to their increased misuse. 6-Jul-17 ...
communicable disease policy - Madawaska Valley Association for
... provides safe and effective long-term protections against Hepatitis B, with no serious adverse reactions. Clinical trials have shown a level of protection of 90-95% after three doses of vaccine. ...
... provides safe and effective long-term protections against Hepatitis B, with no serious adverse reactions. Clinical trials have shown a level of protection of 90-95% after three doses of vaccine. ...
Synthetic epidemic
... Epidemiology is the study of disease transmission, and epidemiologists are the scientists within this field who work to identify the etiologic agent(s) of a particular disease or syndrome. Many epidemiologists study infectious or communicable diseases, including contagious diseases, which are transm ...
... Epidemiology is the study of disease transmission, and epidemiologists are the scientists within this field who work to identify the etiologic agent(s) of a particular disease or syndrome. Many epidemiologists study infectious or communicable diseases, including contagious diseases, which are transm ...
Chapter 5 - Infectious Diseases of Potential Risk for Travellers
... to be visited. The risk of becoming infected will vary according to the purpose of the trip and the itinerary within the area, the standards of accommodation, hygiene and sanitation, as well as the behaviour of the traveller. In some instances, disease can be prevented by vaccination, but there are ...
... to be visited. The risk of becoming infected will vary according to the purpose of the trip and the itinerary within the area, the standards of accommodation, hygiene and sanitation, as well as the behaviour of the traveller. In some instances, disease can be prevented by vaccination, but there are ...
Clinical Issues 1.2 www.aorn.org/CE
... Health care organizations should establish policies and procedures on the types of nail polish, if any, workers in patient care areas are allowed to wear,5 and communicate the policies to health care personnel. If certain types of nail polish are allowed and others are not, oversight of policy compl ...
... Health care organizations should establish policies and procedures on the types of nail polish, if any, workers in patient care areas are allowed to wear,5 and communicate the policies to health care personnel. If certain types of nail polish are allowed and others are not, oversight of policy compl ...
Infectious Bronchitis Virus: a major cause of respiratory
... probably among other factors is the continual flooding of the Ghanaian market with relatively cheaper broiler meat from other countries (GAINS 2013) which makes local broiler production uncompetitive and a significant contributor to the decline in broiler production (Aning et al. 2008). The high pre ...
... probably among other factors is the continual flooding of the Ghanaian market with relatively cheaper broiler meat from other countries (GAINS 2013) which makes local broiler production uncompetitive and a significant contributor to the decline in broiler production (Aning et al. 2008). The high pre ...
Cytokine and Chemokine Gene Expression after Primary and
... IL-1b, IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1b, RANTES, and TNF-a) showed increased expression within 24 h of infection. Such gene expression preceded the development of histopathologic lesions [15] and undoubtedly contributed to the development of the lesions. The down-regulation of these genes by day 10 generally coi ...
... IL-1b, IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1b, RANTES, and TNF-a) showed increased expression within 24 h of infection. Such gene expression preceded the development of histopathologic lesions [15] and undoubtedly contributed to the development of the lesions. The down-regulation of these genes by day 10 generally coi ...
BBP and Infection Control
... disease. Examples of blood borne pathogens that pose the greatest risk include HIV-AIDS and Hepatitis B or HBV. o Hepatitis B (HBV) – An inflammation of the liver that can be caused by chemicals, alcohol, drugs or viruses. HBV can be spread by contact with body fluids, which contain the virus such a ...
... disease. Examples of blood borne pathogens that pose the greatest risk include HIV-AIDS and Hepatitis B or HBV. o Hepatitis B (HBV) – An inflammation of the liver that can be caused by chemicals, alcohol, drugs or viruses. HBV can be spread by contact with body fluids, which contain the virus such a ...
polioslidesnarrative
... • Polio is a virus that infects the nervous system The virus is transmitted from person to person, usually infects children and over half the cases are kids under the age of three. It can cause total paralysis in hours. It is transmitted by fecal waste, although the amount one needs to be exposed to ...
... • Polio is a virus that infects the nervous system The virus is transmitted from person to person, usually infects children and over half the cases are kids under the age of three. It can cause total paralysis in hours. It is transmitted by fecal waste, although the amount one needs to be exposed to ...
Nsg_Fund_3.01_Infection_Control_Student_Notes
... The last one third experience abdominal pain, nausea and fatigue; skin and eyes jaundiced and urine dark HBV preventable with use of HBV vaccine Six to ten percent of HBV infected persons become chronic carriers (may or may not have active infection, few or no symptoms, but can transmit disease) BLO ...
... The last one third experience abdominal pain, nausea and fatigue; skin and eyes jaundiced and urine dark HBV preventable with use of HBV vaccine Six to ten percent of HBV infected persons become chronic carriers (may or may not have active infection, few or no symptoms, but can transmit disease) BLO ...
Statutory Reporting of “Variant Influenza A(H3N2) ”
... influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus M gene have been reported since July 2011, mostly in people with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. workers in the swine industry, attendants to agricultural fairs). Most cases presented with symptoms and signs of influenza (fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, muscle ache ...
... influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus M gene have been reported since July 2011, mostly in people with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. workers in the swine industry, attendants to agricultural fairs). Most cases presented with symptoms and signs of influenza (fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, muscle ache ...
Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Emergency Care Setting
... Despite advances in research and treatments, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of illness and death worldwide. 2–5 The speed at which infectious diseases spread today is due, in part, to global migration and travel. Diseases typically thought to exist only in specific areas of the world a ...
... Despite advances in research and treatments, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of illness and death worldwide. 2–5 The speed at which infectious diseases spread today is due, in part, to global migration and travel. Diseases typically thought to exist only in specific areas of the world a ...
Open full article - Acta Veterinaria Brno
... Rhabdoviruses constitute one of the largest groups of viruses isolated from fish, and are mostly associated with epizootics and heavy losses in intensive fish farming. Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is the most important viral disease and produces high losses in rainbow trout and other sal ...
... Rhabdoviruses constitute one of the largest groups of viruses isolated from fish, and are mostly associated with epizootics and heavy losses in intensive fish farming. Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is the most important viral disease and produces high losses in rainbow trout and other sal ...
Wolbachia and Dengue
... About half the world’s population is now at risk. In the US, the southeast population is the most at risk. ● Dengue is transmitted to humans through a mosquito called , Aedes Aegypti (a vector), which mainly resides in urban and suburban areas. ● There is currently no cure for Dengue, however, if de ...
... About half the world’s population is now at risk. In the US, the southeast population is the most at risk. ● Dengue is transmitted to humans through a mosquito called , Aedes Aegypti (a vector), which mainly resides in urban and suburban areas. ● There is currently no cure for Dengue, however, if de ...
Chicken Pox and Shingles
... YES, chicken pox is commonly spread from person to person as the virus is shed from the nose or throat as droplets or by direct contact. Chicken pox is infectious from approximately 2 days before until 5 days after the spots appear. ...
... YES, chicken pox is commonly spread from person to person as the virus is shed from the nose or throat as droplets or by direct contact. Chicken pox is infectious from approximately 2 days before until 5 days after the spots appear. ...
The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network
... At the turn of the century, WHO’s role and support was recognised as increasingly critical. Newly emerging diseases and resurging epidemic-prone diseases continually threaten the health and the economic well-being of the international community. In addition, greater awareness and concern about infec ...
... At the turn of the century, WHO’s role and support was recognised as increasingly critical. Newly emerging diseases and resurging epidemic-prone diseases continually threaten the health and the economic well-being of the international community. In addition, greater awareness and concern about infec ...
A simulation model of intraherd transmission of foot and mouth
... assumed for the number of animal-to-animal contacts (k) adequate for transmission ranged from 0.6 to 9.0 per hour (13.7–216.0 per day). A total of 40,000 iterations (5,000 for each scenario, assessing 4 adequate contact rates and 2 detection criteria) were run. The model predicted that FMD would not ...
... assumed for the number of animal-to-animal contacts (k) adequate for transmission ranged from 0.6 to 9.0 per hour (13.7–216.0 per day). A total of 40,000 iterations (5,000 for each scenario, assessing 4 adequate contact rates and 2 detection criteria) were run. The model predicted that FMD would not ...
Virulent Avian Influenza A Viruses
... these virulent strains cause disease and death of their hosts is not clear. In particular, the specific cells involved in viral replication and the mechanisms by which these viruses injure these cells have not been defined. Previous in vivo studies indicated that the virulent avian influenza virus, ...
... these virulent strains cause disease and death of their hosts is not clear. In particular, the specific cells involved in viral replication and the mechanisms by which these viruses injure these cells have not been defined. Previous in vivo studies indicated that the virulent avian influenza virus, ...
Influenza A virus haemagglutinin polymorphism
... The emphasis in these studies is not upon the frequently reported minor antigenic variations detectable only with MAbs, but rather on the antigenic variation that is sufficiently extreme to be of potential epidemiological and immunological significance. The present results add to previous evidence o ...
... The emphasis in these studies is not upon the frequently reported minor antigenic variations detectable only with MAbs, but rather on the antigenic variation that is sufficiently extreme to be of potential epidemiological and immunological significance. The present results add to previous evidence o ...
Potential Pandemic Severity - Appraisals by
... (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6088/1534.full): H5N1 viruses which achieved respiratory transmission between ferrets had 5 mutations in common. “Our findings indicate that HPAI A/H5N1 viruses have the potential to evolve directly to transmit by aerosol or respiratory droplets between mammals ...
... (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6088/1534.full): H5N1 viruses which achieved respiratory transmission between ferrets had 5 mutations in common. “Our findings indicate that HPAI A/H5N1 viruses have the potential to evolve directly to transmit by aerosol or respiratory droplets between mammals ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}