Introduction to viruses Viruses are non
... variation among the viruses….so much so that to lump them all into a single group is quite a stretch. How did viruses evolve? We’re not sure, but since they are totally dependent on cells, it seems logical that cells came first. However, some scientists say that bacteria and viruses evolved at the s ...
... variation among the viruses….so much so that to lump them all into a single group is quite a stretch. How did viruses evolve? We’re not sure, but since they are totally dependent on cells, it seems logical that cells came first. However, some scientists say that bacteria and viruses evolved at the s ...
Understanding Microbes in Sickness and Health
... In the 14th century, a bacterium that modern scientists identified as Yersinia pestis caused the bubonic plague, or Black Death. Bubonic plague entered Europe and Africa through infected rodents and fleas that accompanied travelers along trade routes from Mongolia. The plague epidemic spread throug ...
... In the 14th century, a bacterium that modern scientists identified as Yersinia pestis caused the bubonic plague, or Black Death. Bubonic plague entered Europe and Africa through infected rodents and fleas that accompanied travelers along trade routes from Mongolia. The plague epidemic spread throug ...
Swine Flu H1N1
... vaccine ready to protect against pandemic flu. • Vaccine against Swine Flu virus H1N1 needs at least 6-12 months to be ...
... vaccine ready to protect against pandemic flu. • Vaccine against Swine Flu virus H1N1 needs at least 6-12 months to be ...
Zoonotic Diseases - Animals to Humans
... 9. How would Bird Flu affect the agriculture industry in this community? And within the state? And within the country? (Teacher Response: Nationally, Georgia is number 1 in poultry production and marketing of other animals as well.) 10. What is being done to control Bird Flu virus? (Teacher Response ...
... 9. How would Bird Flu affect the agriculture industry in this community? And within the state? And within the country? (Teacher Response: Nationally, Georgia is number 1 in poultry production and marketing of other animals as well.) 10. What is being done to control Bird Flu virus? (Teacher Response ...
theific.org
... • Perform HIV antibody testing for at least six months post exposure (e.g., at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months) ...
... • Perform HIV antibody testing for at least six months post exposure (e.g., at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months) ...
IHS-6_Zoonotic Diseases - Animals to
... 9. How would Bird Flu affect the agriculture industry in this community? And within the state? And within the country? (Teacher Response: Nationally, Georgia is number 1 in poultry production and marketing of other animals as well.) 10. What is being done to control Bird Flu virus? (Teacher Response ...
... 9. How would Bird Flu affect the agriculture industry in this community? And within the state? And within the country? (Teacher Response: Nationally, Georgia is number 1 in poultry production and marketing of other animals as well.) 10. What is being done to control Bird Flu virus? (Teacher Response ...
Infections and Precautions
... or a chest x-ray annually. • The Center pays the cost and the TB tests are performed on site. • People who have tested positive in the past are required to go, at the Center’s expense, to OccMed annually for a chest x-ray. ...
... or a chest x-ray annually. • The Center pays the cost and the TB tests are performed on site. • People who have tested positive in the past are required to go, at the Center’s expense, to OccMed annually for a chest x-ray. ...
Avian Influenza – the next pandemic
... Isolation – separation of an infected person from others during period of disease communicability, in such a way that prevents, as far as possible, the direct or indirect transfer of infectious agent to susceptible persons. Quarantine – separation and restriction of movement of people who have been ...
... Isolation – separation of an infected person from others during period of disease communicability, in such a way that prevents, as far as possible, the direct or indirect transfer of infectious agent to susceptible persons. Quarantine – separation and restriction of movement of people who have been ...
Swine-origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus: An Update
... on to the rest of the world. On April 15 and April 17, 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified two cases of human infection with S-OIV characterized by a unique combination of gene segments that had not been identified among human or swine influenza A viruses.1 On Apr ...
... on to the rest of the world. On April 15 and April 17, 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified two cases of human infection with S-OIV characterized by a unique combination of gene segments that had not been identified among human or swine influenza A viruses.1 On Apr ...
Workplace Bloodborne Pathogens
... Hepatitis C liver A healthy human liver contrasted with a liver from an individual who died from hepatitis C. Note the extensive damage and scarring from chronic liver disease. ...
... Hepatitis C liver A healthy human liver contrasted with a liver from an individual who died from hepatitis C. Note the extensive damage and scarring from chronic liver disease. ...
PDF - ECronicon
... Monocytes and macrophages are key components of the innate immune system yet they are often the victims of attack by infectious ...
... Monocytes and macrophages are key components of the innate immune system yet they are often the victims of attack by infectious ...
Rickettsial (Spotted and Typhus Fevers) and Related Infections
... Travelers at greatest risk for epidemic typhus include those who may work with and/or visit areas with large homeless populations, impoverished areas or refugee camps, and regions that have recently experienced war or natural disasters, especially during the colder months. Sylvatic epidemic typhus c ...
... Travelers at greatest risk for epidemic typhus include those who may work with and/or visit areas with large homeless populations, impoverished areas or refugee camps, and regions that have recently experienced war or natural disasters, especially during the colder months. Sylvatic epidemic typhus c ...
Baltimore classification viruses.pages
... Though there are minor variations based on a virus’s biology, most viruses will undergo similar replication processes in the host cell. To complete its life cycle (i.e. to make more copies of itself), a virus must first bind to the cell surface and gain entry. Once inside, the protein coat is remove ...
... Though there are minor variations based on a virus’s biology, most viruses will undergo similar replication processes in the host cell. To complete its life cycle (i.e. to make more copies of itself), a virus must first bind to the cell surface and gain entry. Once inside, the protein coat is remove ...
Bloodborne Pathogens Training Kit Presentation
... Infection with HIV can weaken the immune system to the point that it has difficulty fighting off certain infections and cancers. These types of infections are known as "opportunistic" infection because they take the opportunity of a weakened immune system to cause illness. A healthy immune system ca ...
... Infection with HIV can weaken the immune system to the point that it has difficulty fighting off certain infections and cancers. These types of infections are known as "opportunistic" infection because they take the opportunity of a weakened immune system to cause illness. A healthy immune system ca ...
Dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) are of very low susceptibility to experimental, highdose inoculation with FMDV Serotype O and do not transmit the infection to direct contact camels or sheep
... in 17). With the experiment described here, we wanted to follow up on a recent pilot study 18 ...
... in 17). With the experiment described here, we wanted to follow up on a recent pilot study 18 ...
PDF - Prairie Swine Centre
... et al., 2003b). Viraemia can be of short duration without leading to the development of antibody (Garland, 1974; Gibbs et al., 1975; Donaldson and Kitching, 1989). Where animals were killed during the incubation period, the presence of virus in more tissues than earlier in the incubation period was ...
... et al., 2003b). Viraemia can be of short duration without leading to the development of antibody (Garland, 1974; Gibbs et al., 1975; Donaldson and Kitching, 1989). Where animals were killed during the incubation period, the presence of virus in more tissues than earlier in the incubation period was ...
Print-friendly PDF
... 500+: The number of functions the liver performs. It helps fight infection, cleans toxins from the blood, manufactures proteins, controls blood sugar, clots blood and produces bile.1 The liver is the only organ that can regenerate itself. This makes it possible for one person to donate part of their ...
... 500+: The number of functions the liver performs. It helps fight infection, cleans toxins from the blood, manufactures proteins, controls blood sugar, clots blood and produces bile.1 The liver is the only organ that can regenerate itself. This makes it possible for one person to donate part of their ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
... There is a team of researchers at Glasgow University, led by Dr Diane Addie, PhD, BVMS, MRCVS, studying the FCoV and FIP viruses and seeking to increase knowledge on treatment, prevention and cure. The only way they have to learn more about this disease is to collect data from the victims of FIP. If ...
... There is a team of researchers at Glasgow University, led by Dr Diane Addie, PhD, BVMS, MRCVS, studying the FCoV and FIP viruses and seeking to increase knowledge on treatment, prevention and cure. The only way they have to learn more about this disease is to collect data from the victims of FIP. If ...
MMWR Dispatch
... median age was 16 years (range: 3–81 years), and 38 (81%) were aged <18 years; 51% of cases were in males. Of the 25 cases with known dates of illness onset, onset ranged from March 28 to April 25 (Figure). To date, no deaths have been reported among U.S. cases, but five patients are known to have b ...
... median age was 16 years (range: 3–81 years), and 38 (81%) were aged <18 years; 51% of cases were in males. Of the 25 cases with known dates of illness onset, onset ranged from March 28 to April 25 (Figure). To date, no deaths have been reported among U.S. cases, but five patients are known to have b ...
Word version - kudos concepts
... humans. All species can be affected. Our colony has been free of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for greater than 15 years but we remain vigilant due to the severity of disease following transmission of the bacteria from humans to animals. Tuberculosis causes severe weight loss, lethargy and coughing and ...
... humans. All species can be affected. Our colony has been free of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for greater than 15 years but we remain vigilant due to the severity of disease following transmission of the bacteria from humans to animals. Tuberculosis causes severe weight loss, lethargy and coughing and ...
zika virus
... Venturi G. An autochthonous case of Zika due to possible sexual transmission, Florence, Italy, 2014. Euro Surveill. 2016 Feb 25;21(8). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.8.30148. Gulland A. Zika virus may be linked to several birth defects, expert warns. BMJ 2016;352:i1322 Burd I. The chasm between p ...
... Venturi G. An autochthonous case of Zika due to possible sexual transmission, Florence, Italy, 2014. Euro Surveill. 2016 Feb 25;21(8). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.8.30148. Gulland A. Zika virus may be linked to several birth defects, expert warns. BMJ 2016;352:i1322 Burd I. The chasm between p ...
Bluetongue virus diagnosis of clinical cases by a duplex reverse
... A duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) in clinical samples was developed. This assay, which detects the highly conserved S10 region of BTV, was assessed for sensitivity and application as a rapid and dependable diagnostic t ...
... A duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) in clinical samples was developed. This assay, which detects the highly conserved S10 region of BTV, was assessed for sensitivity and application as a rapid and dependable diagnostic t ...
Animals and Mechanisms of Disease Transmission
... human population, with over a billion afflicted resulting in millions of annual deaths [1]. Moreover, outbreaks of zoonoses have had adverse impact on regional economies as a result of huge financial burden on the affected communities, but also indirectly affecting commerce or trade with more afflue ...
... human population, with over a billion afflicted resulting in millions of annual deaths [1]. Moreover, outbreaks of zoonoses have had adverse impact on regional economies as a result of huge financial burden on the affected communities, but also indirectly affecting commerce or trade with more afflue ...
Rubella Virus
... specific synthesis stage based on its genome composition and type of capsid. The viral genome serves as the blueprint for building the viral components. Overall, many viruses start the synthesis stage by first producing repressor proteins that control certain host cell functions. At this point, the ...
... specific synthesis stage based on its genome composition and type of capsid. The viral genome serves as the blueprint for building the viral components. Overall, many viruses start the synthesis stage by first producing repressor proteins that control certain host cell functions. At this point, the ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}