Airborne transmission of lyssaviruses
... In 2002, a Scottish bat conservationist developed a rabies-like disease and subsequently died. This was caused by infection with European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2), a virus closely related to Rabies virus (RABV). The source of this infection and the means of transmission have not yet been confirmed. ...
... In 2002, a Scottish bat conservationist developed a rabies-like disease and subsequently died. This was caused by infection with European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2), a virus closely related to Rabies virus (RABV). The source of this infection and the means of transmission have not yet been confirmed. ...
Bioaerosol Exposure Controls for Laboratory Workers
... bleach was added to the spilled culture. PAPR available; not worn. Sabia transmitted by aerosol to researcher. ...
... bleach was added to the spilled culture. PAPR available; not worn. Sabia transmitted by aerosol to researcher. ...
Eurosurveillance Weekly, funded by Directorate General Health and
... itself in many countries as part of the endemic range of pathogenic meningococci, unlike the group A meningococcus which caused the outbreak in 1987; this strain did not appear to persist in European countries, although a few secondary cases occurred. It is possible that the W135 strain established ...
... itself in many countries as part of the endemic range of pathogenic meningococci, unlike the group A meningococcus which caused the outbreak in 1987; this strain did not appear to persist in European countries, although a few secondary cases occurred. It is possible that the W135 strain established ...
A-Midterm
... they made an influenza vaccine for American soldiers during World War II. In 1947, Salk became head of research at the University of Pittsburgh’s Virus Research Lab, where he worked on a flu vaccine and polio vaccine simultaneously. He developed a polio vaccine in 1952, which he tested on himself, h ...
... they made an influenza vaccine for American soldiers during World War II. In 1947, Salk became head of research at the University of Pittsburgh’s Virus Research Lab, where he worked on a flu vaccine and polio vaccine simultaneously. He developed a polio vaccine in 1952, which he tested on himself, h ...
Biosafety standards for working with Crimean
... symptoms in need of aerosol- and droplet-producing procedures such as aspiration and intubation. This pragmatic approach reduces full protection to the most severe cases from which nosocomial CCHFV transmission is most probable. Over the years, four doctors and three nurses had contact with infected ...
... symptoms in need of aerosol- and droplet-producing procedures such as aspiration and intubation. This pragmatic approach reduces full protection to the most severe cases from which nosocomial CCHFV transmission is most probable. Over the years, four doctors and three nurses had contact with infected ...
2/20/12 Viruses
... • Viruses replicate only in certain types of cells or in whole organisms • Bacterial viruses are easiest to grow; model systems • Animal viruses (and some plant viruses) can be cultivated in tissue or cell cultures • Plant viruses typically are most difficult because study often requires growth of w ...
... • Viruses replicate only in certain types of cells or in whole organisms • Bacterial viruses are easiest to grow; model systems • Animal viruses (and some plant viruses) can be cultivated in tissue or cell cultures • Plant viruses typically are most difficult because study often requires growth of w ...
DNA viruses - WordPress.com
... • Viruses replicate only in certain types of cells or in whole organisms • Bacterial viruses are easiest to grow; model systems • Animal viruses (and some plant viruses) can be cultivated in tissue or cell cultures • Plant viruses typically are most difficult because study often requires growth of w ...
... • Viruses replicate only in certain types of cells or in whole organisms • Bacterial viruses are easiest to grow; model systems • Animal viruses (and some plant viruses) can be cultivated in tissue or cell cultures • Plant viruses typically are most difficult because study often requires growth of w ...
Implementation of a National Monitoring System for West Nile Fever
... : Recurrent infections from birds and mosquitoes, spread by infected mosquitoes to humans and horses by blood ingestion ...
... : Recurrent infections from birds and mosquitoes, spread by infected mosquitoes to humans and horses by blood ingestion ...
Virus Tumor Antigens: Specific Fingerprints?
... strongly suggest that this may be true, (a) The antigens are virus specific, or where cross reactions occur with the serologie antigens, there are other biologic characteristics in common between the cross-reacting viruses. (6) The antigens occurring in transformed cells and tumors of different hist ...
... strongly suggest that this may be true, (a) The antigens are virus specific, or where cross reactions occur with the serologie antigens, there are other biologic characteristics in common between the cross-reacting viruses. (6) The antigens occurring in transformed cells and tumors of different hist ...
Variable region of the 39 UTR is a critical virulence factor in the Far
... chimeric viruses between two TBEV strains of the Far-Eastern subtype, Sofjin-HO (highly pathogenic) and Oshima 5-10 (low pathogenic). The replacement of the coding region for the structural and non-structural proteins from Sofjin into Oshima showed a partial increase of the viral pathogenicity in a ...
... chimeric viruses between two TBEV strains of the Far-Eastern subtype, Sofjin-HO (highly pathogenic) and Oshima 5-10 (low pathogenic). The replacement of the coding region for the structural and non-structural proteins from Sofjin into Oshima showed a partial increase of the viral pathogenicity in a ...
Viruses - Food Safety Site
... Many states report periodic small outbreaks of HAV, primarily associated with poor personal hygiene by infected food handlers. Handwashing is key to preventing this HAV infection. NOROVIRU.S.ES Norovirsues are a group called small round structured viruses (SRSV). The incubation for Norovirus is 24-7 ...
... Many states report periodic small outbreaks of HAV, primarily associated with poor personal hygiene by infected food handlers. Handwashing is key to preventing this HAV infection. NOROVIRU.S.ES Norovirsues are a group called small round structured viruses (SRSV). The incubation for Norovirus is 24-7 ...
Get full text - The SeaDoc Society
... lesions include depletion of lymphocytes in paracortical zones and germinal centers of lymph nodes and spleen and thymic atrophy, interstitial pneumonia, nonsuppurative encephalitis and meningoencephalitis, neuronal necrosis and focal malacia and demyelination in cerebellar white matter. Intracytopl ...
... lesions include depletion of lymphocytes in paracortical zones and germinal centers of lymph nodes and spleen and thymic atrophy, interstitial pneumonia, nonsuppurative encephalitis and meningoencephalitis, neuronal necrosis and focal malacia and demyelination in cerebellar white matter. Intracytopl ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Biology and Pathogenesis of Lentiviruses
... host, productive virus replication in the target cells and thirdly, the period of virus elimination. The decline in virus replication in the third stage is associated with the mobilization of nonspecific and immunologically specific host defence mechanisms. Disease results either from direct pathoph ...
... host, productive virus replication in the target cells and thirdly, the period of virus elimination. The decline in virus replication in the third stage is associated with the mobilization of nonspecific and immunologically specific host defence mechanisms. Disease results either from direct pathoph ...
L3 The current situations and control strategies of avian influenza
... La Sota vaccine does not provide full protection against the challenge of epidemic field strains, especially in terms of reducing virus shedding although NDV has only single serotype (10, 18, 19, 20). The control strategies and vaccine development Vaccination is an important component for the contro ...
... La Sota vaccine does not provide full protection against the challenge of epidemic field strains, especially in terms of reducing virus shedding although NDV has only single serotype (10, 18, 19, 20). The control strategies and vaccine development Vaccination is an important component for the contro ...
Presentation: The 2007 Norovirus Season (PDF: 899KB/42 pages)
... additional foodworker had an ill family member • One patron and one ill foodworker tested positive for norovirus ...
... additional foodworker had an ill family member • One patron and one ill foodworker tested positive for norovirus ...
Role of viral load in the pathogenesis of chicken anemia virus
... in pathogenesis could be detected between the groups inoculated with chicken- or cell culture-grown viruses. A blocking ELISA (Tannock et al., 2003) was used to test the antibody status of chickens from each group. Antibody to CAV could not be detected in any group before 10 days. In the group inocu ...
... in pathogenesis could be detected between the groups inoculated with chicken- or cell culture-grown viruses. A blocking ELISA (Tannock et al., 2003) was used to test the antibody status of chickens from each group. Antibody to CAV could not be detected in any group before 10 days. In the group inocu ...
Are We There Yet? Laboratory Preparedness for
... disease, how do clinical laboratories balance the risks to patients and the risk to laboratory workers? Eileen Burd: Outbreak situations generate a certain amount of fear among hospital and laboratory staff. Having emerging infectious disease protocols in place helps lessen that fear. Individuals ca ...
... disease, how do clinical laboratories balance the risks to patients and the risk to laboratory workers? Eileen Burd: Outbreak situations generate a certain amount of fear among hospital and laboratory staff. Having emerging infectious disease protocols in place helps lessen that fear. Individuals ca ...
Biosecurity (Prohibited and Conditionally Non
... specific state(s) economy or capacity to generate income. Social and environmental consequences of maintaining regional differentiation are important drivers of biosecurity. In regions such as Tasmania, preservation of World Heritage Areas and other environmentally sensitive areas is essential as it ...
... specific state(s) economy or capacity to generate income. Social and environmental consequences of maintaining regional differentiation are important drivers of biosecurity. In regions such as Tasmania, preservation of World Heritage Areas and other environmentally sensitive areas is essential as it ...
Guidelines for Research Involving Viral Vectors
... Most viral vectors used today are disabled such that replication competent viruses are not readily formed by any biological process that might occur in normal hosts. The Department of Biosafety encourages the use of such vectors in all relevant applications. In particularly sensitive applications, d ...
... Most viral vectors used today are disabled such that replication competent viruses are not readily formed by any biological process that might occur in normal hosts. The Department of Biosafety encourages the use of such vectors in all relevant applications. In particularly sensitive applications, d ...
Bloodborne Pathogens Training Presentation
... that can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) HIV damages a person’s immune system which helps the body fight disease. First info published in medical journal about this virus was May 20, 1983 ...
... that can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) HIV damages a person’s immune system which helps the body fight disease. First info published in medical journal about this virus was May 20, 1983 ...
Mechanism of Neutralization of Influenza Virus
... brane-proximal helix-rich stem structure and a membrane-distal receptor-binding globular domain (Wiley and Skehel, 1987). The epitopes recognized by the three antibodies we have studied are located on the receptorbinding domain (Fig. 1). Two of them overlap with the receptor-binding site and block a ...
... brane-proximal helix-rich stem structure and a membrane-distal receptor-binding globular domain (Wiley and Skehel, 1987). The epitopes recognized by the three antibodies we have studied are located on the receptorbinding domain (Fig. 1). Two of them overlap with the receptor-binding site and block a ...
Persistence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)
... homogenates were determined as described above. The virus stock suspension used for inoculations was diluted 1: 99 with sterile seawater and incubated at 11°C. Titrations were performed after 24 h and at Days 4, 7, 14 and 18 as described above. Expf 2: To determine the distribution of virus in diffe ...
... homogenates were determined as described above. The virus stock suspension used for inoculations was diluted 1: 99 with sterile seawater and incubated at 11°C. Titrations were performed after 24 h and at Days 4, 7, 14 and 18 as described above. Expf 2: To determine the distribution of virus in diffe ...
sulted in statistically significantly more toxicity than did fluconazole
... in India in 2006 lacked this mutation. On the contrary, according to GenBank sequence data, it appears that this mutation is absent from the most recent isolates obtained in Singapore but is present in each of the isolates obtained during the 2007 outbreak in India (table 1). These data support the ...
... in India in 2006 lacked this mutation. On the contrary, according to GenBank sequence data, it appears that this mutation is absent from the most recent isolates obtained in Singapore but is present in each of the isolates obtained during the 2007 outbreak in India (table 1). These data support the ...
What is an outbreak
... • Surveillance case definition: – clinical disease – plus laboratory confirmation ...
... • Surveillance case definition: – clinical disease – plus laboratory confirmation ...
Yellow Fever - SFA ScholarWorks - Stephen F. Austin State University
... part of immune response that Yellow Fever has to get past is the outer barriers of the human body, including the skin, mouth, nose, etc. Yellow Fever is contracted through mosquito bites, making it not difficult for it to enter the body. Once a mosquito that is infected with Yellow Fever bites you, ...
... part of immune response that Yellow Fever has to get past is the outer barriers of the human body, including the skin, mouth, nose, etc. Yellow Fever is contracted through mosquito bites, making it not difficult for it to enter the body. Once a mosquito that is infected with Yellow Fever bites you, ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}