40. FMD and camelids
... mainly function as absorption and fermentation areas as well as zones of enzymatic secretion (Wilson, 1989). The second, much smaller compartment C2 is the reticulum equivalent, and the eolongated C3 is the combined omasum/abomasun equivalent, which might best be referred to as the tubular stomach d ...
... mainly function as absorption and fermentation areas as well as zones of enzymatic secretion (Wilson, 1989). The second, much smaller compartment C2 is the reticulum equivalent, and the eolongated C3 is the combined omasum/abomasun equivalent, which might best be referred to as the tubular stomach d ...
Viral Hepatitis
... •Hepatitis B •Sexually Transmitted and through blood to blood contact •Hepatitis C •Transmitted through blood to blood contact •Hepatitis D •Transmitted through percutaneous or mucosal contact with infected blood, Hepatitis B must also be present, uncommon in US •Hepatitis E •Transmitted via fecal o ...
... •Hepatitis B •Sexually Transmitted and through blood to blood contact •Hepatitis C •Transmitted through blood to blood contact •Hepatitis D •Transmitted through percutaneous or mucosal contact with infected blood, Hepatitis B must also be present, uncommon in US •Hepatitis E •Transmitted via fecal o ...
Brief Original Article Serological evidence of West Nile
... were re-tested by a WNV lineage 2 plaque reduction neutralization test 90% (PRNT-90). Results: In 28.6% of the 252 tested equine serum samples antibodies against WNV were detected. The results obtained with the in-house ELISA corresponded to the outcome of the commercial kit in 90% of the samples. A ...
... were re-tested by a WNV lineage 2 plaque reduction neutralization test 90% (PRNT-90). Results: In 28.6% of the 252 tested equine serum samples antibodies against WNV were detected. The results obtained with the in-house ELISA corresponded to the outcome of the commercial kit in 90% of the samples. A ...
dengue and its precautions - Kendriya Vidyalaya No.3 Agra
... The incubation period of dengue fever is usually 5 – 6 days. However, this period at times may vary between 3 to 10 days. Dengue fever affects one and all, starting from infants to young children and adults. But it is seldom fatal in nature. The symptoms manifested by dengue vary according to the ag ...
... The incubation period of dengue fever is usually 5 – 6 days. However, this period at times may vary between 3 to 10 days. Dengue fever affects one and all, starting from infants to young children and adults. But it is seldom fatal in nature. The symptoms manifested by dengue vary according to the ag ...
Patterns of a Sylvatic Yellow Fever Virus Amplification
... humans in southeastern Senegal was initiated. The environmental factors that influence the abundance, distribution, and infection of mosquito vectors that participate in the sylvatic cycles of arboviruses, including chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue virus 2, and YFV, were investigated in this area startin ...
... humans in southeastern Senegal was initiated. The environmental factors that influence the abundance, distribution, and infection of mosquito vectors that participate in the sylvatic cycles of arboviruses, including chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue virus 2, and YFV, were investigated in this area startin ...
Post Exposure Handbook V2.0
... blood from the source individual, but some other sample of his or her blood was drawn for any other reason, this sample legally can be used. If the source individual is unable or unwilling to give consent, the EMS organization should consider seeking the legal authority to act without his or her con ...
... blood from the source individual, but some other sample of his or her blood was drawn for any other reason, this sample legally can be used. If the source individual is unable or unwilling to give consent, the EMS organization should consider seeking the legal authority to act without his or her con ...
V2Post_Exposure_Handbook_Final_Draft(V2
... blood from the source individual, but some other sample of his or her blood was drawn for any other reason, this sample legally can be used. If the source individual is unable or unwilling to give consent, the EMS organization should consider seeking the legal authority to act without his or her con ...
... blood from the source individual, but some other sample of his or her blood was drawn for any other reason, this sample legally can be used. If the source individual is unable or unwilling to give consent, the EMS organization should consider seeking the legal authority to act without his or her con ...
Bloodborne Pathogens (4)
... become infected before or during birth or through breastfeeding after birth. HIV is not spread through contaminated food or by casual contact. In the healthcare setting, personnel have been infected with HIV after being stuck with needles containing HIV-infected blood or, less frequently, after infe ...
... become infected before or during birth or through breastfeeding after birth. HIV is not spread through contaminated food or by casual contact. In the healthcare setting, personnel have been infected with HIV after being stuck with needles containing HIV-infected blood or, less frequently, after infe ...
http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/Zika-virus-French-Polynesia-rapid-risk-assessment.pdf
... The clinical signs of Zika disease include acute onset of fever, non-purulent conjunctivitis, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, rash (in general maculo-papular) and, less frequently, retro-orbital pain, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. In the literature, Zika is described as ...
... The clinical signs of Zika disease include acute onset of fever, non-purulent conjunctivitis, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, rash (in general maculo-papular) and, less frequently, retro-orbital pain, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. In the literature, Zika is described as ...
Norovirus Outbreak Management
... PIDAC Cleaning Regimens •Prompt cleaning of emesis and faeces followed by disinfection with appropriate virucidal agent •Increased frequency of bathroom and toilet cleaning, and disinfection on affected units •Replacement of privacy curtains on terminal cleaning •Steam cleaning carpet and soft furn ...
... PIDAC Cleaning Regimens •Prompt cleaning of emesis and faeces followed by disinfection with appropriate virucidal agent •Increased frequency of bathroom and toilet cleaning, and disinfection on affected units •Replacement of privacy curtains on terminal cleaning •Steam cleaning carpet and soft furn ...
The Epidemiology of Hepatitis A, B, and C
... ~ 100% in developing countries. Accounts for 40% of all cases of acute viral ...
... ~ 100% in developing countries. Accounts for 40% of all cases of acute viral ...
What is Chikungunya?
... If possible, set the air-conditioning to a low temperature at night – mosquitoes do not like cold temperatures ...
... If possible, set the air-conditioning to a low temperature at night – mosquitoes do not like cold temperatures ...
Toxoplasmosis: An Important Message for Cat Owners
... However, when illness occurs, it is usually mild. Some may feel like they have the “flu,” with swollen lymph glands, or muscle aches and pains that last for several weeks or more. Rarely, eye disease occurs. Individuals with weakened immune systems: People with weakened immune systems may experience ...
... However, when illness occurs, it is usually mild. Some may feel like they have the “flu,” with swollen lymph glands, or muscle aches and pains that last for several weeks or more. Rarely, eye disease occurs. Individuals with weakened immune systems: People with weakened immune systems may experience ...
This Appendix discusses the biological agents used for research at
... can then shed virus for several days, which could result in infection of other individuals. Clinical disease is not manifested by immunized individuals. In monkeys the vaccinia virus is genetically modified to have surface or core viral antigens from SIV or HIV so that vaccination with the vaccinia ...
... can then shed virus for several days, which could result in infection of other individuals. Clinical disease is not manifested by immunized individuals. In monkeys the vaccinia virus is genetically modified to have surface or core viral antigens from SIV or HIV so that vaccination with the vaccinia ...
Autopsy Room : A Potential Source of Infection at Work Place in
... all increase the likelihood of a larger inoculum of blood entering the recipient. Other factors such as penetration of a needle through a latex glove (which may have wiping effect) also alter the risk of transmission[2]. The first case of occupationally transmitted HIV infection was reported in the ...
... all increase the likelihood of a larger inoculum of blood entering the recipient. Other factors such as penetration of a needle through a latex glove (which may have wiping effect) also alter the risk of transmission[2]. The first case of occupationally transmitted HIV infection was reported in the ...
Microbiology An Introduction 10e
... Note: The following abbreviations are used to indicate objectives and questions you need to know for the exams. LO = Learning Objectives found at the beginning of text sections. CYU = Check Your Understanding questions found at the end of text sections. Q = Questions found under figures (Students sh ...
... Note: The following abbreviations are used to indicate objectives and questions you need to know for the exams. LO = Learning Objectives found at the beginning of text sections. CYU = Check Your Understanding questions found at the end of text sections. Q = Questions found under figures (Students sh ...
Avian influenza A H5N1 infection on human cellular microRNA
... In this study, influenza A virus infection altered the regulation of cellular miRNAs; the extent was greater in H5N1 infection than in H1N1 infection. The expression of miR-141 was affected by influenza A virus infection. The altered miR-141 expression then affected the expression of the cytokine TG ...
... In this study, influenza A virus infection altered the regulation of cellular miRNAs; the extent was greater in H5N1 infection than in H1N1 infection. The expression of miR-141 was affected by influenza A virus infection. The altered miR-141 expression then affected the expression of the cytokine TG ...
- Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
... Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease caused by tick-borne virus that in humans can result in a severe haemorrhagic fever with a fatality rate of 13–50%. Being a public health problem in many countries including Iran, the disease has been reported from different parts of East ...
... Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease caused by tick-borne virus that in humans can result in a severe haemorrhagic fever with a fatality rate of 13–50%. Being a public health problem in many countries including Iran, the disease has been reported from different parts of East ...
Causation and Disease: The Henle-Koch
... rence of the parasite in the disease can no longer be accidental, but in this case no other relation between it and the disease except that the parasite is the cause of the disease can be considered." At the time of presentation Koch felt that certain human and animal agents fully fulfilled these cr ...
... rence of the parasite in the disease can no longer be accidental, but in this case no other relation between it and the disease except that the parasite is the cause of the disease can be considered." At the time of presentation Koch felt that certain human and animal agents fully fulfilled these cr ...
ViRUSES AND PRiONS
... Specific viruses usually infect only certain hosts and certain cells within those hosts An important characteristic of a virus is its host range—the spectrum of hosts that it is able to infect. Some viruses infect only animals, while others infect only plants, fungi, and so forth. Even within a grou ...
... Specific viruses usually infect only certain hosts and certain cells within those hosts An important characteristic of a virus is its host range—the spectrum of hosts that it is able to infect. Some viruses infect only animals, while others infect only plants, fungi, and so forth. Even within a grou ...
North Harris County Restaurant Employee Tests Positive for
... Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by a virus. Most people recover from Hepatitis A without any major long-term health problems after several weeks. It is passed from person to person when someone does not wash their hands well after going to the bathroom. A person with Hepatitis A is infectious ...
... Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by a virus. Most people recover from Hepatitis A without any major long-term health problems after several weeks. It is passed from person to person when someone does not wash their hands well after going to the bathroom. A person with Hepatitis A is infectious ...
SOME PROPERTIES OF ROSE MOSAIC VIRUS FROM SOUTH
... two regions. The Australian isolates studied have very much narrower host ranges. At present, rose mosaic does not appear to be a well-defined disease. Fry and Hunter (1956) and Hunter (1965) recognized three types of symptoms on rose which they considered to be caused by different viruses but never ...
... two regions. The Australian isolates studied have very much narrower host ranges. At present, rose mosaic does not appear to be a well-defined disease. Fry and Hunter (1956) and Hunter (1965) recognized three types of symptoms on rose which they considered to be caused by different viruses but never ...
Fact sheet Tick borne encephalitis (Eng) - ECDC
... geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks has changed in a number of countries in recent years and they are being observed at higher altitudes and more northern latitudes. ...
... geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks has changed in a number of countries in recent years and they are being observed at higher altitudes and more northern latitudes. ...
In case you get sick Health and Emergency Contact Information
... There is no cure for hepatitis B, but the infection can be prevented by vaccination. Symptoms of the Disease Symptoms of hepatitis B can resemble the flu and may include fever, loss of appetite, low energy, joint pain, cramping, or nausea and vomiting, as well as jaundice (yellow skin or eyes). Howe ...
... There is no cure for hepatitis B, but the infection can be prevented by vaccination. Symptoms of the Disease Symptoms of hepatitis B can resemble the flu and may include fever, loss of appetite, low energy, joint pain, cramping, or nausea and vomiting, as well as jaundice (yellow skin or eyes). Howe ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}