Biosafety Levels - Advanced BioFuels USA
... BSL‐1 is suitable for work involving well‐characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans, and present minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. All bacterial, parasitic, fungal, viral, rickettsial, and chlamydial agents whi ...
... BSL‐1 is suitable for work involving well‐characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans, and present minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. All bacterial, parasitic, fungal, viral, rickettsial, and chlamydial agents whi ...
Viral Vector Policy #110.1
... Background: Lentiviruses are a subset of retroviruses, which are simple, enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. Retroviruses are transmitted through direct exposure with bodily fluids, percutaneous exposures, or sexual contact. They have the ability to integrate into host chromosomes, to infect nond ...
... Background: Lentiviruses are a subset of retroviruses, which are simple, enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. Retroviruses are transmitted through direct exposure with bodily fluids, percutaneous exposures, or sexual contact. They have the ability to integrate into host chromosomes, to infect nond ...
Polio: the viru s and the vaccine
... fever, which is followed by vomiting, delirium and spreading pain. Within days of ...
... fever, which is followed by vomiting, delirium and spreading pain. Within days of ...
FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS (FIP)
... The actual route by which feline coronavirus (FCoV) is spread is generally believed to be via the fecal-oral route (esp, queen to kitten). Transmission in utero has been suggested in some reports, however, this route has not been definitely proven. The virus is probably excreted into the environment ...
... The actual route by which feline coronavirus (FCoV) is spread is generally believed to be via the fecal-oral route (esp, queen to kitten). Transmission in utero has been suggested in some reports, however, this route has not been definitely proven. The virus is probably excreted into the environment ...
Virology, Pathology, and Clinical Manifestations of West Nile Virus
... nonfatal WNV infections appear to be cleared by the host immune response, the virus may persist in some vertebrate hosts (10,13). Clinical Manifestations The clinical spectrum of symptomatic WNV infection in humans has been further defined during the North American epidemics. About 80% of human infe ...
... nonfatal WNV infections appear to be cleared by the host immune response, the virus may persist in some vertebrate hosts (10,13). Clinical Manifestations The clinical spectrum of symptomatic WNV infection in humans has been further defined during the North American epidemics. About 80% of human infe ...
Viral and bacterial diseases in livestock in Mongolia
... This review focuses on the status of infectious diseases that are serious for animal health and have adverse economic effects in Mongolia. Data presented here are limited due to the lack of published or other easily available documents. Foot-and-mouth disease continues to cause substantial economic ...
... This review focuses on the status of infectious diseases that are serious for animal health and have adverse economic effects in Mongolia. Data presented here are limited due to the lack of published or other easily available documents. Foot-and-mouth disease continues to cause substantial economic ...
Chicken embros
... Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control An H5 DNA vaccine has been developed and large scale field tests have been finished in 2010. In 2011, we performed more studies to address the questions raised by the reviewing panel. In 2011, we generated a recombinant duck enteri ...
... Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control An H5 DNA vaccine has been developed and large scale field tests have been finished in 2010. In 2011, we performed more studies to address the questions raised by the reviewing panel. In 2011, we generated a recombinant duck enteri ...
Influenza A/H5 - Global Marketing Services
... National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Vietnam (including H5 Human cases) ...
... National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Vietnam (including H5 Human cases) ...
1186-4375-2-RV
... if it is very severe, 70-80% will be affected. The diseased shrimp will grow slowly and will have ...
... if it is very severe, 70-80% will be affected. The diseased shrimp will grow slowly and will have ...
Protection and immune response in pigs intradermally vaccinated
... economic impact on the pig industry worldwide. The studies on PRRSV pathogenesis have shown a complex interaction of the virus with its host’s inflammatory and immune response. In contrast with a typical acute viral infection resolving in 1–2 weeks by an effective clearance, PRRSV gives rise to a lo ...
... economic impact on the pig industry worldwide. The studies on PRRSV pathogenesis have shown a complex interaction of the virus with its host’s inflammatory and immune response. In contrast with a typical acute viral infection resolving in 1–2 weeks by an effective clearance, PRRSV gives rise to a lo ...
Mycoplasma Species Information Sheet
... Mycoplasma is a contagious pathogen that is transmitted cow-to-cow through infected milk or on a milker’s hands. New infections occur primarily when a new, infected animal is introduced to the herd. Mastitis can be spread by airborne transmission. It can also be caused by contact of a cow with anoth ...
... Mycoplasma is a contagious pathogen that is transmitted cow-to-cow through infected milk or on a milker’s hands. New infections occur primarily when a new, infected animal is introduced to the herd. Mastitis can be spread by airborne transmission. It can also be caused by contact of a cow with anoth ...
Swine Flu Fact Sheet
... acute respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pigs. Morbidity tends to be high and mortality low in pigs. Can humans catch swine flu? Swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with swine fl ...
... acute respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pigs. Morbidity tends to be high and mortality low in pigs. Can humans catch swine flu? Swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with swine fl ...
The use of su.crose-acetone-extracted Rift Valley fever vi rus
... in Africa, occurring mainly in West Africa and southern Africa. Excessively heavy seasonal rains which favour the breeding of mosquito vectors , particularly after long periods of drought, can cause epidemic outbreaks of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is most severe in sheep, cattle ...
... in Africa, occurring mainly in West Africa and southern Africa. Excessively heavy seasonal rains which favour the breeding of mosquito vectors , particularly after long periods of drought, can cause epidemic outbreaks of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is most severe in sheep, cattle ...
Review New antiviral drugs, vaccines and classic public health
... GDP for China. The outbreak has led to estimates that China’s economy growth would be 1% lower than expected if the Hong Kong economy was pushed back into recession. Tourism in Hong Kong was severely affected. The SARS epidemic might also have implications for the future plans to outsource in China, ...
... GDP for China. The outbreak has led to estimates that China’s economy growth would be 1% lower than expected if the Hong Kong economy was pushed back into recession. Tourism in Hong Kong was severely affected. The SARS epidemic might also have implications for the future plans to outsource in China, ...
Evidence of Epstein–Barr Virus Association with Head and Neck
... Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous: over 90% of the adult population is infected with this virus. EBV is capable of infecting both B lymphocytes and epithelial cells throughout the body including the head and neck region. Transmission occurs mainly by exchange of saliva. The infection is asympto ...
... Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous: over 90% of the adult population is infected with this virus. EBV is capable of infecting both B lymphocytes and epithelial cells throughout the body including the head and neck region. Transmission occurs mainly by exchange of saliva. The infection is asympto ...
Immunohistochemistry for detection of avian infectious bronchitis
... were inoculated with 103 EID50 IBV M41. CAM and embryos were collected till 120 h PI, since the presence of IBV antigen in inoculated eggs by an antigen detection method is preferably performed 2 to 3 days after inoculation [15]. This also confirmed in the current study where IBV titers declined sha ...
... were inoculated with 103 EID50 IBV M41. CAM and embryos were collected till 120 h PI, since the presence of IBV antigen in inoculated eggs by an antigen detection method is preferably performed 2 to 3 days after inoculation [15]. This also confirmed in the current study where IBV titers declined sha ...
African horse sickness
... Modification of a highly virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus by introducing a chicken interferon gamma gene in the genome decreased NDV pathogenicity in chickens thus suggesting early expression of IFN-γ had a significant protective role against the effects of highly virulent NDV infection in ...
... Modification of a highly virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus by introducing a chicken interferon gamma gene in the genome decreased NDV pathogenicity in chickens thus suggesting early expression of IFN-γ had a significant protective role against the effects of highly virulent NDV infection in ...
Disease Control Day Care Manual - Jefferson County Department of
... recommendation is made since certain age groups, especially those under the age of three years, are more likely to spread infectious diseases. Children in this age group are mobile, are in diapers, and usually do not practice good hygiene. Cleaning and disinfection of objects and surfaces that child ...
... recommendation is made since certain age groups, especially those under the age of three years, are more likely to spread infectious diseases. Children in this age group are mobile, are in diapers, and usually do not practice good hygiene. Cleaning and disinfection of objects and surfaces that child ...
Interleukin-18 improves the early defence system against influenza
... Importantly, IL-18 elicits antiviral activity in the acute phase of infection. In the case of vaccinia virus infection, IL-18 is involved in various host defence mechanisms, including NK cells and CTLs (Tanaka-Kataoka et al., 1999). In fact, virus-induced IL-18 and IFN-c enhance Fas ligand expressio ...
... Importantly, IL-18 elicits antiviral activity in the acute phase of infection. In the case of vaccinia virus infection, IL-18 is involved in various host defence mechanisms, including NK cells and CTLs (Tanaka-Kataoka et al., 1999). In fact, virus-induced IL-18 and IFN-c enhance Fas ligand expressio ...
Influenza factsheet schools and special schools 2014
... influenza, once introduced, may spread rapidly. o It is recommended that immunisations are offered to health and social care workers involved in the direct care of and/or support to patients and also anyone caring for a person in the at risk ...
... influenza, once introduced, may spread rapidly. o It is recommended that immunisations are offered to health and social care workers involved in the direct care of and/or support to patients and also anyone caring for a person in the at risk ...
FULL TEXT - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
... between animals may occur even though no infectious agents have been recovered from the air samples [16, 17]. Thus, care should be taken when interpreting the negative air samples. This is especially true when carrying out airborne impact studies by sampling airborne infectious agents downwind of an ...
... between animals may occur even though no infectious agents have been recovered from the air samples [16, 17]. Thus, care should be taken when interpreting the negative air samples. This is especially true when carrying out airborne impact studies by sampling airborne infectious agents downwind of an ...
Disease Fact Sheet Cytomegalovirus (CMV) What is CMV? CMV, or
... tears, semen, and vaginal fluids. A person can become infected with CMV when they come in contact with infected body fluids. However, people who are CMV-positive (have been infected with CMV sometime in the past) usually do not have virus in these fluids, so the chance of getting a CMV infection fro ...
... tears, semen, and vaginal fluids. A person can become infected with CMV when they come in contact with infected body fluids. However, people who are CMV-positive (have been infected with CMV sometime in the past) usually do not have virus in these fluids, so the chance of getting a CMV infection fro ...
PUBVET, Publicações em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
... disease associated with the equine Lentivirus poses a significant challenge to veterinary medicine around the world. As with all lentiviruses, EIAV has been shown to have a high propensity for genomic sequence and antigenic variation, especially in its envelope (Env) proteins. Recent studies have de ...
... disease associated with the equine Lentivirus poses a significant challenge to veterinary medicine around the world. As with all lentiviruses, EIAV has been shown to have a high propensity for genomic sequence and antigenic variation, especially in its envelope (Env) proteins. Recent studies have de ...
A new nodavirus is associated with covert mortality disease of shrimp
... The farmed shrimp of L. vannamei suffering from covert mortality disease exhibited obvious clinical signs, including hepatopancreatic atrophy with colour fading, empty stomach and guts, soft shell, and slow growth, and in many cases were accompanied by uneven slightly whitish muscle lesion areas in ...
... The farmed shrimp of L. vannamei suffering from covert mortality disease exhibited obvious clinical signs, including hepatopancreatic atrophy with colour fading, empty stomach and guts, soft shell, and slow growth, and in many cases were accompanied by uneven slightly whitish muscle lesion areas in ...
Seasonality, variation in species prevalence, and localized disease
... (FV3) cause most of the infections in amphibians in the United States (Chinchar et al. 2009). Mortality in pond-dwelling larval amphibians, where most virus-associated mortality is observed, can occur in excess of 90% during die-off events (Green & Converse 2005). In the Southwestern United States, ...
... (FV3) cause most of the infections in amphibians in the United States (Chinchar et al. 2009). Mortality in pond-dwelling larval amphibians, where most virus-associated mortality is observed, can occur in excess of 90% during die-off events (Green & Converse 2005). In the Southwestern United States, ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}