disease risk assessment - Ministry for Primary Industries
... incubation periods is indicated. The approach to the assessment of disease risks was to consider that any introduction of the diseases discussed below carried unacceptable animal health and economic consequences and therefore the probability of the risks should be negligible. On the grounds that Sin ...
... incubation periods is indicated. The approach to the assessment of disease risks was to consider that any introduction of the diseases discussed below carried unacceptable animal health and economic consequences and therefore the probability of the risks should be negligible. On the grounds that Sin ...
Ebola and other viral haemorrhagic fevers
... South Africa. Natural reservoir: not yet confirmed, but may be bats. Consumption of bush meat is a risk factor. Person to person transmission is through bodily fluids, including through health-care equipment ...
... South Africa. Natural reservoir: not yet confirmed, but may be bats. Consumption of bush meat is a risk factor. Person to person transmission is through bodily fluids, including through health-care equipment ...
Full text in pdf format
... striped bass) also h a d the lowest overall LNI values. In 76 '10 of the positive control fish that survived exposure to sufficient virus to cause epizootic-level mortality, LNI values were higher (L 1.75). ...
... striped bass) also h a d the lowest overall LNI values. In 76 '10 of the positive control fish that survived exposure to sufficient virus to cause epizootic-level mortality, LNI values were higher (L 1.75). ...
A Quick Guide To Common Childhood Diseases
... is a quick reference only and is intended to assist care providers with identifying common childhood diseases so that actions can be taken to decrease the spread of the illness or infestation to others. Parents and caregivers who would like more information regarding the illnesses and infestations d ...
... is a quick reference only and is intended to assist care providers with identifying common childhood diseases so that actions can be taken to decrease the spread of the illness or infestation to others. Parents and caregivers who would like more information regarding the illnesses and infestations d ...
A Quick Guide To Common Childhood Diseases
... is a quick reference only and is intended to assist care providers with identifying common childhood diseases so that actions can be taken to decrease the spread of the illness or infestation to others. Parents and caregivers who would like more information regarding the illnesses and infestations d ...
... is a quick reference only and is intended to assist care providers with identifying common childhood diseases so that actions can be taken to decrease the spread of the illness or infestation to others. Parents and caregivers who would like more information regarding the illnesses and infestations d ...
Zika virus syndrome - EAD
... Diagnosis of Zika virus infection by Serology Zika virus (ZIKV) is the first infection by a flavivirus: - IgM ELISA is specific for zika. - Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) shows ≥ 4 fold higher titer to zika virus. Zika virus is NOT the first infection by a flavivirus. - IgM ELISA i ...
... Diagnosis of Zika virus infection by Serology Zika virus (ZIKV) is the first infection by a flavivirus: - IgM ELISA is specific for zika. - Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) shows ≥ 4 fold higher titer to zika virus. Zika virus is NOT the first infection by a flavivirus. - IgM ELISA i ...
A Review of Melanie`s Marvelous Measles
... Research in animals had demonstrated that injection of inactivated virus (and most vaccines are made of attenuated or inactivated viruses) was capable of achieving only short duration of protection, during which the serum taken from such animals had virusneutralizing properties. In contrast, inocul ...
... Research in animals had demonstrated that injection of inactivated virus (and most vaccines are made of attenuated or inactivated viruses) was capable of achieving only short duration of protection, during which the serum taken from such animals had virusneutralizing properties. In contrast, inocul ...
Is There a Risk of Yellow Fever Virus Transmission
... 3.1. Theory That YF Was Never Introduced to Asia. The first theory postulates that YF has never been introduced to Asia. Some investigators have argued that the absence in Asia could be due to failed introduction of YF in Asia prior to the modern transportation era [14]. However, during the 17th cen ...
... 3.1. Theory That YF Was Never Introduced to Asia. The first theory postulates that YF has never been introduced to Asia. Some investigators have argued that the absence in Asia could be due to failed introduction of YF in Asia prior to the modern transportation era [14]. However, during the 17th cen ...
Moving beyond averages: Individual
... provides valuable tools to address many important questions—particularly those where mechanisms of disease spread, or disease control, are linked to identifiable types of individuals. However, for the present task of quantifying the full extent of heterogeneity in infectiousness from all sources usi ...
... provides valuable tools to address many important questions—particularly those where mechanisms of disease spread, or disease control, are linked to identifiable types of individuals. However, for the present task of quantifying the full extent of heterogeneity in infectiousness from all sources usi ...
Title Viral shedding, clinical history and transmission of influenza
... and gradually declined to undetectable levels within approximately 10 days (data not shown). The mean duration of shedding was 6 days. The dynamics of molecular viral shedding for influenza A and B virus infections were similar. Viral shedding was significantly higher in children than in adults with ...
... and gradually declined to undetectable levels within approximately 10 days (data not shown). The mean duration of shedding was 6 days. The dynamics of molecular viral shedding for influenza A and B virus infections were similar. Viral shedding was significantly higher in children than in adults with ...
THE DECAYING PATTERN OF MATERNALLY DERIVED
... hundred and fifty chicks were used, the chicks were divided into vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups with IBD vaccine. The study revealed that the maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against Infectious bursal disease virus in unvaccinated chicks persisted up to the 6th week as determined by ELISA. H ...
... hundred and fifty chicks were used, the chicks were divided into vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups with IBD vaccine. The study revealed that the maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against Infectious bursal disease virus in unvaccinated chicks persisted up to the 6th week as determined by ELISA. H ...
... expected prevalence; Z is the table value for a standardized normal distribution with a desired confidence level and L is the desired precision or sampling error. Statistical procedures that account for infection clustering but do not rely on ICC were also used (6) including Bayesian hierarchical mo ...
Processing of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) pVP2
... by VP1 protein, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Nagarajanand Kibenge, 1997; von Einem et al., 2004). An open reading frame in the larger segment encodes a 115 kDa polyprotein, generally having 1012 amino acids (aa). This polyprotein can be digested to pVP2 (1-512 aa), VP4 (513-791 aa), and VP3 (792 ...
... by VP1 protein, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Nagarajanand Kibenge, 1997; von Einem et al., 2004). An open reading frame in the larger segment encodes a 115 kDa polyprotein, generally having 1012 amino acids (aa). This polyprotein can be digested to pVP2 (1-512 aa), VP4 (513-791 aa), and VP3 (792 ...
Simulation of a classical swine fever outbreak in rural areas of the
... period in which an infected herd is latent or clinically infectious (Figure 2 and Figure 3). During the simulation, values are drawn randomly from probability density functions as a simulation runs. Transmission of disease (efficient contact): The following modes of transmission are simulated: direc ...
... period in which an infected herd is latent or clinically infectious (Figure 2 and Figure 3). During the simulation, values are drawn randomly from probability density functions as a simulation runs. Transmission of disease (efficient contact): The following modes of transmission are simulated: direc ...
on June 25, 2017 Downloaded from
... adsorption was not prevented either by absence of ions or by high cation concentrations. The next experiment was modified so that dialyzed poliovirus diluted in distilled water was added to suspensions of HeLa cells that had been trypsinized, washed three times, and suspended in the attachment media ...
... adsorption was not prevented either by absence of ions or by high cation concentrations. The next experiment was modified so that dialyzed poliovirus diluted in distilled water was added to suspensions of HeLa cells that had been trypsinized, washed three times, and suspended in the attachment media ...
IDENTIFICATION OF INCLUSIONS IN VIRUS DISEASES* Scarcely
... hear of "Virologists" and we read, with profit, "Alice in Virusland." 1 Clinical pathologists are immediately concerned because their advice is quickly sought in dealing with cases presenting unusual features and which cannot be easily diagnosed, for they have at their disposal laboratory facilities ...
... hear of "Virologists" and we read, with profit, "Alice in Virusland." 1 Clinical pathologists are immediately concerned because their advice is quickly sought in dealing with cases presenting unusual features and which cannot be easily diagnosed, for they have at their disposal laboratory facilities ...
3H Information Sheet for Close Contacts of SARS Patients
... produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplets from the cough or sneeze are propelled a short distance (generally up to 3 feet) through the air and may be deposited on the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby. The virus also can spread when a person touches a surface or objec ...
... produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplets from the cough or sneeze are propelled a short distance (generally up to 3 feet) through the air and may be deposited on the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby. The virus also can spread when a person touches a surface or objec ...
H1N1 Influenza Fact Sheet
... You cannot get H1N1 flu from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork and pork products is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160°F kills all viruses and other food-borne pathogens. How serious is H1N1 flu infection? Like seasonal flu, H1N1 flu in people ca ...
... You cannot get H1N1 flu from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork and pork products is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160°F kills all viruses and other food-borne pathogens. How serious is H1N1 flu infection? Like seasonal flu, H1N1 flu in people ca ...
- Gastroenterology
... previous 5 years.5 The low prevalence of HCV in children reflects the disappearance of transfusion-related hepatitis6 and the reduced efficiency of mother-to-child (vertical or perinatal) transmission, although this form of transmission is currently responsible for most “new” infections in the devel ...
... previous 5 years.5 The low prevalence of HCV in children reflects the disappearance of transfusion-related hepatitis6 and the reduced efficiency of mother-to-child (vertical or perinatal) transmission, although this form of transmission is currently responsible for most “new” infections in the devel ...
The biology of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1)
... pustular balanoposthitis in bulls) (Gibbs & Rweyemamu 1977). BoHV-1.1b strains are associated with venereal disease, and BoHV-1.1 and -1.2b strains are associated with respiratory disease (Wentink et al. 1993). BoHV-1 subtypes have differing virulence (capacity to produce disease) (Msolla et al. 198 ...
... pustular balanoposthitis in bulls) (Gibbs & Rweyemamu 1977). BoHV-1.1b strains are associated with venereal disease, and BoHV-1.1 and -1.2b strains are associated with respiratory disease (Wentink et al. 1993). BoHV-1 subtypes have differing virulence (capacity to produce disease) (Msolla et al. 198 ...
Islam MN, Rashid SMH, Hoque MF, Juli MSB, Khatun M
... not determined in this study. It is critical to vaccinate commercial chickens that have maternally antibodies at the optimum time (Tsukamoto et al., 1995). Vaccination during low maternally derived antibody titre shows better immune response than high maternal antibody titre (Giasuddin et al., 2003) ...
... not determined in this study. It is critical to vaccinate commercial chickens that have maternally antibodies at the optimum time (Tsukamoto et al., 1995). Vaccination during low maternally derived antibody titre shows better immune response than high maternal antibody titre (Giasuddin et al., 2003) ...
Hepatitis E Virus Update December 2014
... Large outbreaks, often waterborne, occur mostly in areas with inadequate environmental sanitation. The largest reported outbreak had over 100,000 individuals infected in the Xinjiang region of China between 1986 and 1988. In developed countries acute HEV infections generally occur in travelers retur ...
... Large outbreaks, often waterborne, occur mostly in areas with inadequate environmental sanitation. The largest reported outbreak had over 100,000 individuals infected in the Xinjiang region of China between 1986 and 1988. In developed countries acute HEV infections generally occur in travelers retur ...
Genital Herpes Fact Sheet
... Genital ulcer diseases can occur in both male and female genital areas that are covered or protected by a latex condom, as well as in areas that are not covered. Correct and consistent use of latex condoms can reduce the risk of genital herpes. Persons with herpes should abstain from sexual activity ...
... Genital ulcer diseases can occur in both male and female genital areas that are covered or protected by a latex condom, as well as in areas that are not covered. Correct and consistent use of latex condoms can reduce the risk of genital herpes. Persons with herpes should abstain from sexual activity ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}