PATHOGENICITY OF CZECH ISOLATES OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL
... inflammatory bursal lesions was reported from domestic poultry populations infected by pathogenic or variant strains of IBDV (Rosenberger et al. 1987; Sharma 1998). Variant strains show a higher immunosuppressive potential than standard strains (Craft et al. 1990) and induce rapid bursal atrophy wit ...
... inflammatory bursal lesions was reported from domestic poultry populations infected by pathogenic or variant strains of IBDV (Rosenberger et al. 1987; Sharma 1998). Variant strains show a higher immunosuppressive potential than standard strains (Craft et al. 1990) and induce rapid bursal atrophy wit ...
Reporting Testing Measles PDF
... develop 7 to 10 years after measles infection. People at high risk for severe illness and complications from measles include: • Infants and children aged <5 years • Adults aged >20 years • Pregnant women • People with compromised immune systems, such as from leukemia and HIV infection Measles is one ...
... develop 7 to 10 years after measles infection. People at high risk for severe illness and complications from measles include: • Infants and children aged <5 years • Adults aged >20 years • Pregnant women • People with compromised immune systems, such as from leukemia and HIV infection Measles is one ...
Virus Inactivation - Evaluation of Processes used in Biowaste
... rapidly, mainly in the form of large-scale production units with dense poultry populations, it is important to find hygienically appropriate disposal methods for poultry waste such as HW. In the event of an epizootic outbreak, such as avian influenza or Newcastle disease, hatcheries could be at risk ...
... rapidly, mainly in the form of large-scale production units with dense poultry populations, it is important to find hygienically appropriate disposal methods for poultry waste such as HW. In the event of an epizootic outbreak, such as avian influenza or Newcastle disease, hatcheries could be at risk ...
chapter 7 virological compliance
... norovirus, enterovirus and adenovirus, that have been associated with waterborne illness and are capable of causing severe, and in some cases fatal, infections. Individual datasheets have been prepared for the more important viruses. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which means they can ...
... norovirus, enterovirus and adenovirus, that have been associated with waterborne illness and are capable of causing severe, and in some cases fatal, infections. Individual datasheets have been prepared for the more important viruses. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which means they can ...
3 Forest Diseases Caused by Viruses
... occur frequently in fruit and ornamental trees, were often considered to be the result of incompatibility problems associated with a particular rootstock/scion cultivar combination. In reality, viruses are frequently responsible for these complete or partial incompatibilities and bud-take problems. ...
... occur frequently in fruit and ornamental trees, were often considered to be the result of incompatibility problems associated with a particular rootstock/scion cultivar combination. In reality, viruses are frequently responsible for these complete or partial incompatibilities and bud-take problems. ...
Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Bovine
... Pizarro-Lucero et al., 2006). BVDV-2 infections have been associated with outbreaks of a severe acute infection that cause a haemorrhagic syndrome (Rebhun et al., 1989; Carman et al., 1998). However, subclinical infections are common with both genotypes. By molecular studies, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are f ...
... Pizarro-Lucero et al., 2006). BVDV-2 infections have been associated with outbreaks of a severe acute infection that cause a haemorrhagic syndrome (Rebhun et al., 1989; Carman et al., 1998). However, subclinical infections are common with both genotypes. By molecular studies, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are f ...
Pathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection
... Primate lentiviruses identified so far fall into five distinct groups, based on sequence relatedness : SIVsmm\SIVmac\HIV2, SIVmnd\SIVl’hoest, SIVsyk, SIVagm and HIV-1\SIVcpz (Fig. 1). In most cases, it is believed that the viruses have become highly adapted to their host species over an extended per ...
... Primate lentiviruses identified so far fall into five distinct groups, based on sequence relatedness : SIVsmm\SIVmac\HIV2, SIVmnd\SIVl’hoest, SIVsyk, SIVagm and HIV-1\SIVcpz (Fig. 1). In most cases, it is believed that the viruses have become highly adapted to their host species over an extended per ...
Rift Valley fever: Real or perceived threat for Zambia?
... out in 5 traditionally managed herds that graze in the Kafue flats (flood plain grasslands [Figure 1]) showed that RVF was not only a threat to the commercial exotic breeds but also to the indigenous local breeds. For instance, a study carried out by Ghirotti et al. (1991) in the Kafue flats showed ...
... out in 5 traditionally managed herds that graze in the Kafue flats (flood plain grasslands [Figure 1]) showed that RVF was not only a threat to the commercial exotic breeds but also to the indigenous local breeds. For instance, a study carried out by Ghirotti et al. (1991) in the Kafue flats showed ...
ibdvupdate_susan - Cairo University Scholars
... et al., 1982). IBD was first reported in Egyptian flocks in the early seventies (El-Sergany et al., 1974). However interest in IBDV antigenic characterization was triggered by the appearance of the very virulent IBD in vaccinated Egyptian flocks (El-Batrawi and El-Kady 1990;Khafagy, et al.,1991).Sev ...
... et al., 1982). IBD was first reported in Egyptian flocks in the early seventies (El-Sergany et al., 1974). However interest in IBDV antigenic characterization was triggered by the appearance of the very virulent IBD in vaccinated Egyptian flocks (El-Batrawi and El-Kady 1990;Khafagy, et al.,1991).Sev ...
STUDIES IN RODENT POLIOMYELITIS
... for guinea pigs was noted; this first became apparent at the 168th mouse passage. In subsequent mouse passages the murine virus virtually never produced paralysis in guinea pigs. This failure to paralyze guinea pigs was a constant characteristic of all further attempts to transfer virus from mouse t ...
... for guinea pigs was noted; this first became apparent at the 168th mouse passage. In subsequent mouse passages the murine virus virtually never produced paralysis in guinea pigs. This failure to paralyze guinea pigs was a constant characteristic of all further attempts to transfer virus from mouse t ...
Phylogenetic tree shapes resolve disease
... Background and Objectives: Whole-genome sequencing is becoming popular as a tool for understanding outbreaks of communicable diseases, with phylogenetic trees being used to identify individual transmission events or to characterize outbreak-level overall transmission dynamics. Existing methods to in ...
... Background and Objectives: Whole-genome sequencing is becoming popular as a tool for understanding outbreaks of communicable diseases, with phylogenetic trees being used to identify individual transmission events or to characterize outbreak-level overall transmission dynamics. Existing methods to in ...
(2010) A low-pathogenic variant of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus
... 10. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies International Symposium on Infectious Salmon Anaemia in Oslo, Norway, 13-15 September 2010. Co-organisers: Norwegian Food Safety Authority, OIE Number of participants: 130. The participants represent ...
... 10. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies International Symposium on Infectious Salmon Anaemia in Oslo, Norway, 13-15 September 2010. Co-organisers: Norwegian Food Safety Authority, OIE Number of participants: 130. The participants represent ...
Genetic and phenotypic variation of the equine infectious anemia
... propagation of the genome by the cell. In addition, RNA viruses, such as lentiviruses, typically maintain chronic, low levels of virus replication. On the other hand, DNA viruses more effectively establish latency because the host cell performs processes that help maintain the genome in a quiescent ...
... propagation of the genome by the cell. In addition, RNA viruses, such as lentiviruses, typically maintain chronic, low levels of virus replication. On the other hand, DNA viruses more effectively establish latency because the host cell performs processes that help maintain the genome in a quiescent ...
Projected spread of Zika virus in the Americas
... characterized by low grade fever, rash, and/or conjunctivitis, though only approximately 20% of those infected are symptomatic [4]. Although there have been instances of sexual and perinatal/vertical transmission [5, 6, 7, 8, 9] and the potential for transmission by transfusion is present [10], ZIKV ...
... characterized by low grade fever, rash, and/or conjunctivitis, though only approximately 20% of those infected are symptomatic [4]. Although there have been instances of sexual and perinatal/vertical transmission [5, 6, 7, 8, 9] and the potential for transmission by transfusion is present [10], ZIKV ...
Important properties of epidemics and endemic situations
... (per week) and that there is one index case week 0. Compute the expected incidence (≈ I (t)) after 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Tom Britton ...
... (per week) and that there is one index case week 0. Compute the expected incidence (≈ I (t)) after 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Tom Britton ...
Health Science Core Chapter 1, 2, 3, and 4
... • Transmission based precautions – guidelines to prevent transmission of specific infectious and communicable disease of patients suspected or confirmed. ...
... • Transmission based precautions – guidelines to prevent transmission of specific infectious and communicable disease of patients suspected or confirmed. ...
An Electron Microscope Study of Tissue Cultures Infected with Visna
... nificantly but the number of visna particles and the cytopathic changes increased until the end of the experiment. Four days after inoculation, visna particles were seen on the surface of almost every cell examined in the electron microscope, but only one or very few in each section. On the fifth to ...
... nificantly but the number of visna particles and the cytopathic changes increased until the end of the experiment. Four days after inoculation, visna particles were seen on the surface of almost every cell examined in the electron microscope, but only one or very few in each section. On the fifth to ...
An Introduction to An Introduction to Influenza Influenza Influenza A
... Pharmacies in New York have reported runs on Tamiflu -- something that public health officials badly want to avoid because the drug could eventually be needed for the truly ill. from The Well Blog: “The Symptoms of Swine Flu” by Tara ParkerParker-Pope (http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/28/thesym ...
... Pharmacies in New York have reported runs on Tamiflu -- something that public health officials badly want to avoid because the drug could eventually be needed for the truly ill. from The Well Blog: “The Symptoms of Swine Flu” by Tara ParkerParker-Pope (http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/28/thesym ...
Structure-dependent efficacy of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV
... The immunogenicity and protective capability of several baculovirus-expressed infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-derived assemblies as VP2 capsids, VPX tubules and polyprotein (PP)-derived mixed structures, were tested. Four-week-old chickens were immunised subcutaneously with one dose of each p ...
... The immunogenicity and protective capability of several baculovirus-expressed infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-derived assemblies as VP2 capsids, VPX tubules and polyprotein (PP)-derived mixed structures, were tested. Four-week-old chickens were immunised subcutaneously with one dose of each p ...
Q5A(R1)
... design, the results of viral tests after cell culture, the ability of the process to clear viruses, and the type of product and its intended clinical use. The purpose of this document is to provide a general framework for virus testing, experiments for the assessment of viral clearance and a recomme ...
... design, the results of viral tests after cell culture, the ability of the process to clear viruses, and the type of product and its intended clinical use. The purpose of this document is to provide a general framework for virus testing, experiments for the assessment of viral clearance and a recomme ...
West Nile virus - Home Health Monitoring Products
... in children, there are a number of cases that progress to serious life-threatening states of the disease. As IgM to HHV-6 can cross react with a number of other viral antigens such as CMV and EBV, testing of both HHV-6 IgG and IgM affords the physician with a clearer picture as to whether an individ ...
... in children, there are a number of cases that progress to serious life-threatening states of the disease. As IgM to HHV-6 can cross react with a number of other viral antigens such as CMV and EBV, testing of both HHV-6 IgG and IgM affords the physician with a clearer picture as to whether an individ ...
the extent of population exposure to assess clinical safety
... design, the results of viral tests after cell culture, the ability of the process to clear viruses, and the type of product and its intended clinical use. The purpose of this document is to provide a general framework for virus testing, experiments for the assessment of viral clearance and a recomme ...
... design, the results of viral tests after cell culture, the ability of the process to clear viruses, and the type of product and its intended clinical use. The purpose of this document is to provide a general framework for virus testing, experiments for the assessment of viral clearance and a recomme ...
The Spread and Control of Norovirus Outbreaks Among Hospitals in
... state, the patient would progress to the I state after the incubation period elapsed. The duration of this incubation period for a given patient results from a draw from the incubation duration distribution, as shown in Table 1. Likewise, a patient remained in the I state for the infectious period, ...
... state, the patient would progress to the I state after the incubation period elapsed. The duration of this incubation period for a given patient results from a draw from the incubation duration distribution, as shown in Table 1. Likewise, a patient remained in the I state for the infectious period, ...
Cold Sores Policy - Holistic Dental Centre
... area will help to reduce this. The scab may also be itchy, but is not contagious at this stage. Healing: After 9 - 12 days the cold sore will have healed. A slightly red/pink area of skin will remain but will quickly fade. Most people who get cold sores will usually experience around 2 - 3 attacks p ...
... area will help to reduce this. The scab may also be itchy, but is not contagious at this stage. Healing: After 9 - 12 days the cold sore will have healed. A slightly red/pink area of skin will remain but will quickly fade. Most people who get cold sores will usually experience around 2 - 3 attacks p ...
Complete book
... spite of the state of the art technologies and medical advancements, infections can still incapacitate communities and can cause deaths, diseases and disabilities on massive scale if not timely detected and managed. Public health consequences are particularly enormous if any novel or old infection i ...
... spite of the state of the art technologies and medical advancements, infections can still incapacitate communities and can cause deaths, diseases and disabilities on massive scale if not timely detected and managed. Public health consequences are particularly enormous if any novel or old infection i ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}