Rabies virus
... deaths by 2030 was launched by WHO and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO) and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control. This initiative marks the first time that the human and animal health sectors have co ...
... deaths by 2030 was launched by WHO and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO) and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control. This initiative marks the first time that the human and animal health sectors have co ...
Genital Warts - Schiffert Health Center
... The vast majority of genital HPV infections are transmitted by genital skin to skin or sexual contact. The virus can infect the mouth following oral-genital contact and the anal area following ano-genital contact with an infected person. The incubation period, the time from initial ...
... The vast majority of genital HPV infections are transmitted by genital skin to skin or sexual contact. The virus can infect the mouth following oral-genital contact and the anal area following ano-genital contact with an infected person. The incubation period, the time from initial ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
... However, the rate of FIP in more traditional rapid turnover shelters is < 0.6% Therefore: rates higher than 1% in a shelter may be cause for concern? ...
... However, the rate of FIP in more traditional rapid turnover shelters is < 0.6% Therefore: rates higher than 1% in a shelter may be cause for concern? ...
Distribution and Quantification of Lymphocytes in the Major
... Bursa of Fabricius. Lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius of the Gumboro-infected broilers were 27.20 ± 1.53 while 121.00 ± 3.82 in non-infected control broilers (Table I). The numbers of lymphocytes were significantly ( p < 0.05) lower in the bursa of Fabricius of Gumboro-infected broilers than the ...
... Bursa of Fabricius. Lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius of the Gumboro-infected broilers were 27.20 ± 1.53 while 121.00 ± 3.82 in non-infected control broilers (Table I). The numbers of lymphocytes were significantly ( p < 0.05) lower in the bursa of Fabricius of Gumboro-infected broilers than the ...
Emerging & Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
... progression & host response Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI ...
... progression & host response Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI ...
Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity
... motifs (three interlocked spirals) on the outer layer [31]. VP2 is responsible for receptor binding, hemagglutination and eliciting serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies [35, 82]. Recombinant VP2 has a strong affinity for glycophorin A, a sialoglycoprotein component of erythrocytes, an interacti ...
... motifs (three interlocked spirals) on the outer layer [31]. VP2 is responsible for receptor binding, hemagglutination and eliciting serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies [35, 82]. Recombinant VP2 has a strong affinity for glycophorin A, a sialoglycoprotein component of erythrocytes, an interacti ...
The role of Epstein-Barr virus in pleural effusions of
... Diagnosis of viral effusions is mainly based on clinical information, but serum antibody titres, virus culture or detection of specific antibodies in pleural fluid may also be useful [1]. Amongst viral causes, THIJSEN et al. [6] report, in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal, the detectio ...
... Diagnosis of viral effusions is mainly based on clinical information, but serum antibody titres, virus culture or detection of specific antibodies in pleural fluid may also be useful [1]. Amongst viral causes, THIJSEN et al. [6] report, in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal, the detectio ...
Influenza Pandemic Readiness and Response Plan (Draft)
... pandemic or contain the spread of the disease in the community. However, the spread can be delayed. f. The length of each wave is six weeks. A pandemic usually spreads in two or more waves, either in the same year or in successive influenza seasons. A second wave may occur within 3 to 9 months of th ...
... pandemic or contain the spread of the disease in the community. However, the spread can be delayed. f. The length of each wave is six weeks. A pandemic usually spreads in two or more waves, either in the same year or in successive influenza seasons. A second wave may occur within 3 to 9 months of th ...
Chickenpox - Spokane Regional Health District
... The most common symptoms of chickenpox are rash, fever, headache, and loss of appetite. The rash usually develops on the trunk and face, and then spreads to the rest of the body. The rash first appears as many small, itchy, red bumps which turn into fluid-filled blisters. Several different groupings ...
... The most common symptoms of chickenpox are rash, fever, headache, and loss of appetite. The rash usually develops on the trunk and face, and then spreads to the rest of the body. The rash first appears as many small, itchy, red bumps which turn into fluid-filled blisters. Several different groupings ...
transfusion transmitted infections
... Although the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections today is lower than ever, the supply of safe blood products remains subject to contamination with known and yet to be identified human pathogens. Only continuous improvement and implementation of donor selection, sensitive screening tests and e ...
... Although the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections today is lower than ever, the supply of safe blood products remains subject to contamination with known and yet to be identified human pathogens. Only continuous improvement and implementation of donor selection, sensitive screening tests and e ...
Crossing the scale from within-host infection dynamics to between
... This—arguably simplest—assumption that transmission potential only depends on pathogen load has been used in a number of recent influenza modelling studies. However, the assumed functional association between viral load and transmission varied considerably. Some studies have considered transmission ...
... This—arguably simplest—assumption that transmission potential only depends on pathogen load has been used in a number of recent influenza modelling studies. However, the assumed functional association between viral load and transmission varied considerably. Some studies have considered transmission ...
Double Infections with Avian A/H5N1 and Swine A/H1N1 Influenza
... 2.1 Experimental Challenge with Avian Influenza Virus A/H5N1 and Swine Influenza virus A/H1N1 in Embryonated Eggs Embryonic chicken eggs at 10 days old were inoculated with A/H5N1 (A/Bogor2/FKH-IPB) (104TCID50) or A/H1N1 (A/Kyoto 27/2007) (104TCID50) into their chorioallantoic fluid (CAF) in a P3 ro ...
... 2.1 Experimental Challenge with Avian Influenza Virus A/H5N1 and Swine Influenza virus A/H1N1 in Embryonated Eggs Embryonic chicken eggs at 10 days old were inoculated with A/H5N1 (A/Bogor2/FKH-IPB) (104TCID50) or A/H1N1 (A/Kyoto 27/2007) (104TCID50) into their chorioallantoic fluid (CAF) in a P3 ro ...
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Hantaviruses)
... lower back pain, nausea, vomiting, conjunctival injection and blurred vision.46-49 On trunk and face an erythematous eruption that blenches on pressure is seen. Leukocyte levels may be normal but are more likely elevated with left shift. In the peripheral blood examination atypical lymphocytes may b ...
... lower back pain, nausea, vomiting, conjunctival injection and blurred vision.46-49 On trunk and face an erythematous eruption that blenches on pressure is seen. Leukocyte levels may be normal but are more likely elevated with left shift. In the peripheral blood examination atypical lymphocytes may b ...
west nile virus report 2005 - Clark County Health Department
... 000 range. One of the news stories was picked up by the Associated Press and reached national outlets. Students were featured several times during IU basketball halftimes. Dr. Baker and students were on National Public Radio, and they presented their work to the IU Board of Trustees and to potential ...
... 000 range. One of the news stories was picked up by the Associated Press and reached national outlets. Students were featured several times during IU basketball halftimes. Dr. Baker and students were on National Public Radio, and they presented their work to the IU Board of Trustees and to potential ...
REPORTABLE DISEASES 2015 - Infectious Disease Reporting
... Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, and transmitted from an infected person or animal to another person or animal. The route of transmission varies by disease and may include direct contact with contaminated body fluids or respiratory s ...
... Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, and transmitted from an infected person or animal to another person or animal. The route of transmission varies by disease and may include direct contact with contaminated body fluids or respiratory s ...
Myxoma virus in rabbits
... temperatures in the field ranged from 15°C to 38°C (38). This sparing effect of high environmental temperatures on the clinical disease caused by attenuated strains of myxoma virus was experimentally demonstrated (35). Unselected laboratory rabbits were housed in hot (26°C to 39°C), temperate (20°C ...
... temperatures in the field ranged from 15°C to 38°C (38). This sparing effect of high environmental temperatures on the clinical disease caused by attenuated strains of myxoma virus was experimentally demonstrated (35). Unselected laboratory rabbits were housed in hot (26°C to 39°C), temperate (20°C ...
Modeling classical swine fever spread using a spatial hybrid model
... The CSF spread within a particular pig herd i was modeled using a stochastic Susceptible-Infected (SI) model [7], in which a pig was characterized, for the sake of simplicity 1 , to be in one of two states: susceptible (free of CSF) and infected (infected by CSF). The daily evolution Si (t) ∈ IN (re ...
... The CSF spread within a particular pig herd i was modeled using a stochastic Susceptible-Infected (SI) model [7], in which a pig was characterized, for the sake of simplicity 1 , to be in one of two states: susceptible (free of CSF) and infected (infected by CSF). The daily evolution Si (t) ∈ IN (re ...
Origin of measles virus: divergence from
... molecular clocks’ [23]. All other parameters were optimized during the burn-in period. The output from BEAST was analyzed using the program TRACER http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer. BEAST analysis was also used to deduce the maximum a posteriori (MAP) tree for each data set, in which tip times corres ...
... molecular clocks’ [23]. All other parameters were optimized during the burn-in period. The output from BEAST was analyzed using the program TRACER http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer. BEAST analysis was also used to deduce the maximum a posteriori (MAP) tree for each data set, in which tip times corres ...
Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between
... molecular clocks’ [23]. All other parameters were optimized during the burn-in period. The output from BEAST was analyzed using the program TRACER http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer. BEAST analysis was also used to deduce the maximum a posteriori (MAP) tree for each data set, in which tip times corres ...
... molecular clocks’ [23]. All other parameters were optimized during the burn-in period. The output from BEAST was analyzed using the program TRACER http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer. BEAST analysis was also used to deduce the maximum a posteriori (MAP) tree for each data set, in which tip times corres ...
Hepatitis B virus
... Hepatitis B DNA is the 1st marker that appears in circulation, 3-4 weeks after infection. HBsAg is the 2nd marker that appears in the blood and persists up to 6 months, then disappears. HBeAg is the 3rd maker that appears in circulation and disappears before the disappearance of HBsAg. Anti- ...
... Hepatitis B DNA is the 1st marker that appears in circulation, 3-4 weeks after infection. HBsAg is the 2nd marker that appears in the blood and persists up to 6 months, then disappears. HBeAg is the 3rd maker that appears in circulation and disappears before the disappearance of HBsAg. Anti- ...
Potential occurrence of Zika from subtropical to temperate Argentina
... A bulk of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are emerging or reemerging globally as consequence of global warming, urbanization and modern transport networks. Among these viruses, Zika was first isolated in a forest area in Uganda, Africa (1), and was historically restricted to Asia and Africa for ...
... A bulk of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are emerging or reemerging globally as consequence of global warming, urbanization and modern transport networks. Among these viruses, Zika was first isolated in a forest area in Uganda, Africa (1), and was historically restricted to Asia and Africa for ...
Book Review: Tetyana Obukhanych, PhD immunologist.
... Research in animals had demonstrated that injection of inactivated virus (and most vaccines are made of attenuated or inactivated viruses) was capable of achieving only short duration of protection, during which the serum taken from such animals had virusneutralizing properties. In contrast, inocul ...
... Research in animals had demonstrated that injection of inactivated virus (and most vaccines are made of attenuated or inactivated viruses) was capable of achieving only short duration of protection, during which the serum taken from such animals had virusneutralizing properties. In contrast, inocul ...
Failure to Detect Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
... seroreactive samples, SIV nucleic acids were not detected. The failure to detect SIV infection is surprising given the high NHP exposure of these individuals and the relatively large cohort that we tested. Our results, 0.94% seroreactivity without antigen detection, suggest that SIV infections could ...
... seroreactive samples, SIV nucleic acids were not detected. The failure to detect SIV infection is surprising given the high NHP exposure of these individuals and the relatively large cohort that we tested. Our results, 0.94% seroreactivity without antigen detection, suggest that SIV infections could ...
What is Dengue?1 - EDIS
... The main vector of dengue is the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, but the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is also a competent vector and can function as an interhabitat bridge vector for the arboviruses (Lourençode-Oliveira et al. 2004). Ae. aegypti is a medium-sized dark mosquito with b ...
... The main vector of dengue is the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, but the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is also a competent vector and can function as an interhabitat bridge vector for the arboviruses (Lourençode-Oliveira et al. 2004). Ae. aegypti is a medium-sized dark mosquito with b ...
Investigating Infectious Diseases
... The genetic material of viruses, whether it is DNA or RNA, is wrapped inside a protein coat called a capsid. The capsid gives the virus its characteristic shape. Identical building blocks called capsomeres make up this coat. The capsomeres join together spontaneously in such a uniform manner that vi ...
... The genetic material of viruses, whether it is DNA or RNA, is wrapped inside a protein coat called a capsid. The capsid gives the virus its characteristic shape. Identical building blocks called capsomeres make up this coat. The capsomeres join together spontaneously in such a uniform manner that vi ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}