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OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities in 2010 Name of disease (or topic) for which you are a designated OIE Reference Laboratory: Infectious salmon anaemia Address of laboratory: National Veterinary Institute P.O.Box 750 Sentrum N-0160 Oslo, Norway Tel.: (+47-23) 21.60.00 Fax: (+47-23) 21.60.01 e-mail address: [email protected] website: www.vetinst.no Name of Head of Laboratory (Responsible Official): Name of OIE Reference Expert: Harald Gjein Birgit Helene Dannevig Name of writer of this report (if different from above): Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010 1 Infectious salmon anaemia Part I: Summary of general activities related to the disease 1. Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease/topic at your laboratory Test For Specificity Total Autopsy Macroscopic lesions Group 50* Histopathology Microscopic lesions Group 200 Immunohistochmistry Antigen Group <10 Immunofluorescence -Tissue imprints Antigen Group 120 Cell culture/IFAT Virus isolation/identification Group 70 Real-time RT-PCR Virus RNA Group 1420 Sequencing Gene (segment 5 and 6) Genotype 60 *Autopsy is mainly carried out by local officers from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority 2. Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents Type of reagent Amount supplied nationally (including for own use) Cell cultures (SHK-1, ASK) 2 flasks of SHK-1 ISAV reference strain 83 ml Monoclonal anti ISAV HE antibody Amount supplied to other countries 6 ampoules of 2 ml each 1 ampoules Part II: Activities specifically related to the mandate of OIE Reference Laboratories 3. International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the production and testing of vaccines Proficiency tests Organized proficiency tests (“ring trials”) which included ISA-virus for the following diagnostic laboratories: - Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Department of Fish Disaeses, Keldur v/Vesturlandsveg 112-Reykjavik, Iceland - Havbruksinstituttet, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway (National laboratory performing diagnostic tests for the Norwegian Food Safety Authority Validation of methods Validation of two real-time RT-PCR methods for detection of ISAV has been performed: - the assay for detection of ISAV segment 7 and 8 respectively (Snow et al. 2006 Dev. Biol., 126, 133-145. 2 Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010 Infectious salmon anaemia - the method for detection of segment 7 (Plarre et al. 2005 Dis. Aquat. Org., 66, 71-79) which has been adapted to one-step RT-PCR conditions. The validation was conducted using kidney-, heart- and gill tissues from both ISAV infected and healthy Atlantic salmon. ISAV strains represented each of the established European subtypes including the putative low-pathogenic strain ISAV HPR0. To identify cross-reactivity of the oligos with genomic sequences present in some of the potential hosts of the ISAV, each assay was tested on tissue samples from tentative pathogen-free rainbow trout, herring, turbot and char. 4. Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines See also paragraph 2 ISAV (cell culture supernatant of reference strain, 1 vial of 1 ml) has been supplied to laboratories in the following countries: - Denmark - Estonia - Lithuania - 3 National laboratories (one vaccine company and 2 laboratories performing diagnostic tests for the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. SHK-1 cell line - National laboratory (vaccine company) Antibodies - Monoclonal anti ISAV HE antibody 5. Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control Tracing viral disease dissemination in aquaculture: an interdisciplinary approach between molecular virology and dispersal modelling (Part II) (Project management: NVI. Financed by the Research Council of Norway, RCN). In collaboration with a parallell project in Chile. Infectious salmon anaemia. Pathogenesis and characterisation of the different manifestations of ISA as seen by histopathological examinations and IHC of diseased fish from ISA field outbreaks (Internal project at NVI). Vaccine-related projects Virulence and Host-Pathogen Interactions. Part the Atlantic Innovation Fund Canada programme: “Mitigation of ISA by Vaccination and Genetic Selection” (Project management: Novartis Aqua Health, PEI, Canada) Host-virus interactions in Atlantic salmon (Project management: NVI. Financed by RCN, Norway) Platform for Viral Aquamedicine (Project management: NVI. Financed by RCN, Norway) 6. Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease control Epizootiological data are continously collected from recent outbreaks of ISA. All ISAV isolates are currently sequenced and genotyped 7. Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Members Second Global Conference of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, OIE Headquarters, Paris, France, 21–23 June 2010. Participant from ISA-reference laboratory: Brit Hjeltnes, Deputy Director, Fish and Shellfish Health. Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010 3 Infectious salmon anaemia 8. Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Members Training course at the National Veterinary Institute 6 – 10 September 2010 including lessons and practical demonstrations in the diagnostic of ISA and other fish diseases. For ISA, virology (cell culture and PCR) and histopathology were the primary topics. Personnel trained: 9. 2 from Chile; 2 from the Republic of Korea Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Members None 10. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies International Symposium on Infectious Salmon Anaemia in Oslo, Norway, 13-15 September 2010. Co-organisers: Norwegian Food Safety Authority, OIE Number of participants: 130. The participants represented research institutes, universities and national authorities from all major contries producing Atlantic Salmon. Output: The objectives for the symposium were presentations and discussion of scientific results on the infectious salmon anaemia (ISA)-virus and the disease, biosecurity and control strategies. A one-day workshop was allocated to risk management with special emphasis on the management of farms of which low pathogenic ISAV (ISAHPR0) have been detected. The abstracts were published in an abstract book distributed at the symposium. 11. Participation in international scientific collaborative studies None relevant studies 12. Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences) Presentations at international conferences and meetings International conferences Hauge, LH, Ramsell, J., & Mjaaland, S.(2010): Virus-host interactions during infectious salmon anaemia virus infection.” Poster presentation First Symposium of the European Organisation of Fish Immunology, May 23rd 27th, 2010, Viterbo, Italy Oral presentations at the International Symposium on Infectious Salmon Anaemia, 13-15 September, 2010, Oslo, Norway : Aldrin, M., Lyngstad, T.M., Kristoffersen, A.,B Storvik, B., Jansen, P., Borgan. Ø. Modeling the spread of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) in marine salmon farms in Norway based on sea distances between farms and genetic distances between the ISA viruses from different outbreaks Aamelfot, M., Dale, O.B., Weli, S., Koppang, E.O., Falk, K. Infection of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) endothelial cells by Infectious salmon anaemia virus Christiansen, D.H., Østergaard, P.S., Snow, M., Falk, K. Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV) of the HPR0 subtype is highly prevalent and causes a non-clinical transient infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in the Faroe Islands 4 Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010 Infectious salmon anaemia Falk, K., Dale, O.B. Experimental evidence indicating that the balance between receptor binding- and receptor destroying activity is a major factor for Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) pathogenesis. Falk, K., Dale, O.B. Immunohistochemistry evaluated as a diagnostic method for Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) Falk, K., Dale, O.B. A retrospective study of ISA in farmed Atlantic salmon by IHC and RT-PCR using formalinfixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples Hauge, LH, Ramsell, J., Hedfors, I., Grimholt,U., Mjaaland, S. Targeting of infectious salmon anemia virus antigens to salmonid antigen presenting cells. Hetland, D., Dale, O.B., Skjødt, K., Press, CMcL., Falk, K. Depletion of CD8 alpha cells from tissues of Atlantic salmon during the early stages of infection with high or low virulent strains of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) Hjortaas, M., Trettenes, E., Markussen, T. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) loads in different organs in diseased and asymptomatically infected fish Karlsen, K., Johansen, E.J., Lyngstad, T.M. Jansen, P.A. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) in Norwegian salmon farming, a chronicle of events relating to a small scale epidemic Lyngstad, T.M., Hjortaas, M.J., Kristoffersen, A.B., Markussen, M., Karlsen, E., Jonassen, C.M., Jansen, P.A. Using molecular epidemiology to trace the spread of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Norwegian salmon farming Ramsell, J., Hauge, H., Sobhkhez, M., Jørgensen, J., Mjaaland, S. Infectious salmon anemia: virus-host interactions Rimstad, E., Falk, K., Mjaaland, S, Kibenge, F. Characterization of infectious salmon anemia virus. Weli, S., Dale, O.B, Aamelfot, M.,Koppang, E.O., Falk, K. ISAV infection of atlantic salmon gills National meetings Ramsell, J., Hauge, H., Sobhkhez, M., Jørgensen, J. & Mjaaland, S. (2010): Infeksiøs lakseanemivirus (ILAV): virus-vert interaksjoner (ISAV: virus-host interactions). Oral presentation. Norwegian Research Council Programme Conference (Havbruk), Trondheim 19.-21. April 2010. Mjaaland, S. (2010).:”Grunnleggende kunnskap for vaksineutvikling” / ”Basic knowledge for vaccine development”NRC/FHF Strategic meeting Trondheim 1 June 2010. Invited lecture. http://www.fhl.no/fou/strategisamling-fhf-fou-verdikjede-laks-article3573-25.html Mjaaland, S. (2010): “Kunnskapsplatform for viral aquamedisin / Platform for Viral Aqua Medicine”. Invited lecture. NRC meeting, Oslo 28th June, 2010 Scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals Abayneh T, Toft N, Mikalsen AB, Brun E, Sandberg M. (2010) Evaluation of histopathology, real-time PCR and virus isolation for diagnosis of infectious salmon anaemia in Norwegian salmon using latent class analysis. J. Fish Dis. 33(6):529-32. (Epub 2010 Mar 8). Aldrin M, Storvik B, Frigessi A, Viljugrein H, Jansen PA. (2010) A stochastic model for the assessment of the transmission pathways of heart and skeleton muscle inflammation, pancreas disease and infectious salmon anaemia in marine fish farms in Norway. Prev Vet Med. 93(1):51-61. Epub 2009 Oct 6. Christiansen DH, Ostergaard PS, Snow M, Dale OB, Falk K. (2010) A low-pathogenic variant of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) is highly prevalent and causes a non-clinical transient infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Faroe Islands. J Gen Virol. Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print] Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010 5 Infectious salmon anaemia Hetland DL, Jørgensen SM, Skjødt K, Dale OB, Falk K, Xu C, Mikalsen AB, Grimholt U, Gjøen T, Press CM. (2010) In situ localisation of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II and CD8 positive cells in infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV)-infected Atlantic salmon. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 28(1):30-39. Müller A, Markussen T, Drabløs F, Gjøen T, Jørgensen TØ, Solem ST, Mjaaland S. (2010) Structural and functional analysis of the hemagglutinin-esterase of infectious salmon anaemia virus. Virus Res. 151(2):131-141. 13. Inscription of diagnostic kits on the OIE Register i) Did you participate in expert panels for the validation of candidate kits for inscription on the OIE Register? If yes, for which kits? No ii) Did you submit to the OIE candidate kits for inscription on the OIE Register? If yes, for which kits? No _______________ 6 Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010