Level 3 Chemistry (91391) 2013
... (ii) Describe how you could distinguish between the alcohols in (i) above, using chemical tests on the alcohols and / or their oxidation products. ...
... (ii) Describe how you could distinguish between the alcohols in (i) above, using chemical tests on the alcohols and / or their oxidation products. ...
Chapter 3 Chemical Compounds
... charges (Li+, Na+, K+, etc.), alkaline earth metal ions (group 2A) have +2 charges (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, etc.), and so on. The metals at the bottom of groups 4A and 5A are an exception to this rule—they have positive charges equal to their column number minus two (Sn2+ and Pb2+ for 4A metals, and Bi3+ ...
... charges (Li+, Na+, K+, etc.), alkaline earth metal ions (group 2A) have +2 charges (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, etc.), and so on. The metals at the bottom of groups 4A and 5A are an exception to this rule—they have positive charges equal to their column number minus two (Sn2+ and Pb2+ for 4A metals, and Bi3+ ...
Chapter 4
... The Chemical Groups Most Important in the Processes of Life • Functional groups are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions ...
... The Chemical Groups Most Important in the Processes of Life • Functional groups are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions ...
5.6 Structure and properties of polymers 12.2 Alkenes 5.3 Bonds
... The –OH group can be oxidised by strong oxidising agents such as acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The orange dichromate(VI) ion, Cr2O72-(aq) is reduced to green Cr3+(aq). In this reaction two atoms of hydrogen are removed – one from the oxygen atom and one from the carbon atom so oxidation will n ...
... The –OH group can be oxidised by strong oxidising agents such as acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The orange dichromate(VI) ion, Cr2O72-(aq) is reduced to green Cr3+(aq). In this reaction two atoms of hydrogen are removed – one from the oxygen atom and one from the carbon atom so oxidation will n ...
18-3-reading - WordPress.com
... charge of 1 and one chloride ion with a charge of 1. The 1 balances the 1. The correct formula for sodium chloride is NaCl. The formula tells you that one positively charged ion combines with one negatively charged ion and makes a neutral compound. What about the ionic compound calcium fluoride? ...
... charge of 1 and one chloride ion with a charge of 1. The 1 balances the 1. The correct formula for sodium chloride is NaCl. The formula tells you that one positively charged ion combines with one negatively charged ion and makes a neutral compound. What about the ionic compound calcium fluoride? ...
1P18 IR spectroscopic investigation on intermolecular proton
... performed at the PBE1PBE/6-31+G* level. ...
... performed at the PBE1PBE/6-31+G* level. ...
Session 9 – Organic Chemistry
... Sources of Carbon The main source of the carbon in organic compounds is carbon dioxide in the air. Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. Animals feed on plants or plant products so that they gain the organic compounds that they n ...
... Sources of Carbon The main source of the carbon in organic compounds is carbon dioxide in the air. Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. Animals feed on plants or plant products so that they gain the organic compounds that they n ...
Alcohols I. Preparation and Physical Properties Structure Alcohols
... the most versatile system, the IUPAC. The rules are: (1) Select as the parent structure the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the OH group \ then consider the compound to have been derived from this structure by replacement of hydrogen by various groups. The parent structure is known as ...
... the most versatile system, the IUPAC. The rules are: (1) Select as the parent structure the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the OH group \ then consider the compound to have been derived from this structure by replacement of hydrogen by various groups. The parent structure is known as ...
Chapter 25. The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
... The delocalized electrons are usually represented as a circle in the center of the ring. Benzene is not reactive because of the stability associated with the delocalized electrons. Even though they contain bonds, aromatic hydrocarbons undergo substitution reactions more readily than addition r ...
... The delocalized electrons are usually represented as a circle in the center of the ring. Benzene is not reactive because of the stability associated with the delocalized electrons. Even though they contain bonds, aromatic hydrocarbons undergo substitution reactions more readily than addition r ...
Name Class Date 23.4 Polymers Organic compounds can bond
... Addition Polymers An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers covalently bond to form a long chain. The physical properties of polymers change with the length of the carbon chain. Polymers of ethylene, propylene, styrene, and others have many industrial uses. Addition polymers are widely use ...
... Addition Polymers An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers covalently bond to form a long chain. The physical properties of polymers change with the length of the carbon chain. Polymers of ethylene, propylene, styrene, and others have many industrial uses. Addition polymers are widely use ...
2848-R - Bulgarian Chemical Communications
... cm–1 for oxo tautomeric forms, respectively. In order to explain the obtained experimental results a detailed theoretical study of the molecular geometry of the species studied was performed. The solvent effect was studied by SCRF theory. The relative stability of the hydroxy and oxo tautomers in ga ...
... cm–1 for oxo tautomeric forms, respectively. In order to explain the obtained experimental results a detailed theoretical study of the molecular geometry of the species studied was performed. The solvent effect was studied by SCRF theory. The relative stability of the hydroxy and oxo tautomers in ga ...
экзаменационные тесты по органической химии
... d. cation 35. The addition of 2 electrons to a neutral atom results in an ion of charge: a. atoms don’t lose electrons b. a charge of -2 c. a charge of +2 d. can only be determine by knowing the number of protons in the nucleus 36. Which statement is not true for an ion of sulfur with a charge of -2 ...
... d. cation 35. The addition of 2 electrons to a neutral atom results in an ion of charge: a. atoms don’t lose electrons b. a charge of -2 c. a charge of +2 d. can only be determine by knowing the number of protons in the nucleus 36. Which statement is not true for an ion of sulfur with a charge of -2 ...
23.2 - Transition-Metal Complexes 23.3
... use alternate pre xes of bis, tris, tetrakis, etc.) 5) For complex anions, add -ate to the Latin name of the metal 6) Give the oxidation number of the metal *In complex anions (negative charge), copper, gold, iron, and platinum change names to old names *Put parentheses around the complex if there a ...
... use alternate pre xes of bis, tris, tetrakis, etc.) 5) For complex anions, add -ate to the Latin name of the metal 6) Give the oxidation number of the metal *In complex anions (negative charge), copper, gold, iron, and platinum change names to old names *Put parentheses around the complex if there a ...
Structure Determination
... A disc can be made by finely grinding the solid with KBr in a mortar. The powder is then placed in a circular die and compressed to give a transparent disc which is used to record the spectrum. Alternatively, a paste can be made from the solid and a long-chain liquid hydrocarbon called Nujol. This m ...
... A disc can be made by finely grinding the solid with KBr in a mortar. The powder is then placed in a circular die and compressed to give a transparent disc which is used to record the spectrum. Alternatively, a paste can be made from the solid and a long-chain liquid hydrocarbon called Nujol. This m ...
Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding
... In Chapter 6, we learned that noble gases are unreactive in chemical reactions In 1916, Gilbert Lewis used this fact to explain why atoms form certain kinds of ions and molecules The Octet Rule: in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve a noble gas configuration; 8 in the outer level is stable ...
... In Chapter 6, we learned that noble gases are unreactive in chemical reactions In 1916, Gilbert Lewis used this fact to explain why atoms form certain kinds of ions and molecules The Octet Rule: in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve a noble gas configuration; 8 in the outer level is stable ...
06 MC /08 MC /08 NMR
... only trans-l-4-dimethylcyclohexane. onlycrs-1-4-dimethylcyclohexane. both trans and cis-l -4-dimethylcyclohexane. It's impossible to tell. --'i ...
... only trans-l-4-dimethylcyclohexane. onlycrs-1-4-dimethylcyclohexane. both trans and cis-l -4-dimethylcyclohexane. It's impossible to tell. --'i ...
eprint_1_2917_493
... water and energy . They supply the major portion of energy required by living cells . Brain cells and RBCs are almost wholly dependent on carbohydrates as energy source . 2. Certain products of carbohydrate metabolism act as catalysts to promote oxidation of foodstuffs . 3. Certain carbohydrates are ...
... water and energy . They supply the major portion of energy required by living cells . Brain cells and RBCs are almost wholly dependent on carbohydrates as energy source . 2. Certain products of carbohydrate metabolism act as catalysts to promote oxidation of foodstuffs . 3. Certain carbohydrates are ...
Chapter 3 Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations
... • Two general types of bonding between atoms are found in compounds, ionic and covalent. ...
... • Two general types of bonding between atoms are found in compounds, ionic and covalent. ...
Solubility of Organic Compounds
... diethyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, petroleum ether, hexanes etc.) but not in polar solvents like water. However, some organic molecules are more polar and therefore soluble in water. This denotes a rather high ratio of polar group(s) to the non-polar hydrocarbon chain, i.e., a low molecular ...
... diethyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, petroleum ether, hexanes etc.) but not in polar solvents like water. However, some organic molecules are more polar and therefore soluble in water. This denotes a rather high ratio of polar group(s) to the non-polar hydrocarbon chain, i.e., a low molecular ...
4. Water (2)
... 3.3 Configuration and conformation define the different aspects of the three dimensional structure of biomolecules. 3.3.1 Configuration defines the spatial arrangement of the groups attached to an asymmetric carbon or two double-bonded carbon atoms. Configurational isomers can not be interconverted ...
... 3.3 Configuration and conformation define the different aspects of the three dimensional structure of biomolecules. 3.3.1 Configuration defines the spatial arrangement of the groups attached to an asymmetric carbon or two double-bonded carbon atoms. Configurational isomers can not be interconverted ...
Homoaromaticity
Homoaromaticity in organic chemistry refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties associated with aromatic compounds are still observed for such compounds. This formal discontinuity is apparently bridged by p-orbital overlap, maintaining a contiguous cycle of π electrons that is responsible for this preserved chemical stability.The concept of homoaromaticity was pioneered by Saul Winstein in 1959, prompted by his studies of the “tris-homocyclopropenyl” cation. Since the publication of Winstein's paper, much research has been devoted to understanding and classifying these molecules, which represent an additional “class” of aromatic molecules included under the continuously broadening definition of aromaticity. To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The 'homotropylium' cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.