Download Name Class Date 23.4 Polymers Organic compounds can bond

Name
Class
Date
23.4 Polymers
Essential Understanding
Organic compounds can bond together to form long molecular
chains called polymers.
Lesson Summary
Addition Polymers An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers covalently
bond to form a long chain.
The physical properties of polymers change with the length of the carbon chain.
Polymers of ethylene, propylene, styrene, and others have many industrial uses.
Addition polymers are widely used as plastics, vinyl, and rubber.
Condensation Polymers When a condensation polymer is formed, water is also
produced.
There are two functional groups on each monomer in condensation polymerization.
Polyesters and polyamides are two kinds of condensation polymers which are used to
make many different kinds of products.
Tough, flame resistant materials can be made from polyamides that contain aromatic rings.
After reading Lesson 23.4, answer the following questions.
Addition Polymers
1. What are polymers?
2. Is the following sentence true or false? Polymers can only contain one type of monomer.
3. Most polymerization reactions require a
.
4. Complete the table by naming each polymer.
Polymer
structure
Match the polymer with its use.
5. polyethylene
6. polystyrene
7. polytetrafluoroethene
8. polyisoprene
9. polyvinyl chloride
Condensation Polymers
10. How is a polyester formed?
11. For condensation polymerization to occur, each monomer molecule must have
functional groups.
12. Name the two monomer molecules that are joined to form the polyester PET.
13. Garments made from PET fibers are
resistant.
14. Is the following sentence true or false? The polymer produced by the condensation of a
carboxylic acid and an amine is called an amide.
15. What common group of synthetic materials is made up by polyamides?
16.
are an important group of naturally occurring polyamides made
from monomers called
.
Match each common polymer to its structural representation.
a. KevlarTM
17.
18.
19.
20.
b. NomexTM
c. nylon
d. PET
Name
Class
Date
1 Self-Check Activity
For Questions 1–13, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words. If you
need help, you can go online.
23.1 Introduction to Functional Groups
1. Organic compounds can be classified according to their
2. The general formula of a(n)
3.
groups.
is RX, where X is a halogen.
reactions are an important method of introducing new functional
groups to organic molecules.
23.2 Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines
4. The general formula of a(n)
5.
is ROH.
reactions of alkenes are an important method of introducing new
functional groups to organic molecules, and are also used to convert alkenes to alkanes.
6. The general formula of a(n)
is ROR.
7. The general formula of a(n)
on the number of R groups.
is RNH2, R2NH, or R3N, depending
23.3 Carbonyl Compounds
8. The C═O functional group is present in
and ketones.
9. The general formula of a(n)
is RCOOH.
10.
is an oxidation reaction because the loss of each molecule of
hydrogen involves the loss of two electrons from the organic molecule.
11. The general formula of a(n)
is RCOOR.
23.4 Polymers
12. An
polymer forms when monomers react to form a polymer.
13. Condensation polymers are formed by the joining of
of a small molecule such as water.
with the loss
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Review Key Ideas
1. Write condensed structural formulas for the following compounds.
a. 1,2,2-trifluoropropane
b. 1,3-butanediol
c. butanoic acid
d. trimethylamine
e. 1-amino, 2-propanone
2. What two compounds take part in the esterification reaction that produces ethyl
propanoate?
Review Key Vocabulary
For each of the following vocabulary words, write the letter of the correct match.
1. aldehyde
2. addition reaction
a.
b. ROR
3. carboxylic acid
c. RCHO
4. ether
d. ROH
5. substitution reaction
e. an atom or a group of atoms replaces
another atom or group of atoms
6. carbonyl group
f. a substance is added at the double or
triple bond of an alkene or alkyne
7. aryl halide
g. C═O
8. alcohol
h. RCOOH