CHM203 - National Open University of Nigeria
... orderly and rigid fashion. When such as solid is heated, the thermal energy of the molecules increases. This finally leads to the disintegration of the crystal structure and at the melting point a disorderly and random arrangement of particles, characteristic of a liquid, is obtained. Since the elec ...
... orderly and rigid fashion. When such as solid is heated, the thermal energy of the molecules increases. This finally leads to the disintegration of the crystal structure and at the melting point a disorderly and random arrangement of particles, characteristic of a liquid, is obtained. Since the elec ...
Substituted Hydrocarbons and Their Reactions
... (–OH). An organic compound in which a hydroxyl group replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon is called an alcohol. As shown in Table 4, the general formula for an alcohol is ROH. Table 4 also illustrates the relationship of the simplest alkane, methane, to the simplest alcohol, methanol. Ethanol a ...
... (–OH). An organic compound in which a hydroxyl group replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon is called an alcohol. As shown in Table 4, the general formula for an alcohol is ROH. Table 4 also illustrates the relationship of the simplest alkane, methane, to the simplest alcohol, methanol. Ethanol a ...
Carbon ppt - WEB . WHRSD . ORG
... Simplest HC molecule = methane 1 carbon bound to 4 H atoms non-polar not soluble in H2O hydrophobic stable very little attraction between molecules a gas at room temperature ...
... Simplest HC molecule = methane 1 carbon bound to 4 H atoms non-polar not soluble in H2O hydrophobic stable very little attraction between molecules a gas at room temperature ...
Lecture 3 Notes CH.4
... The ability of carbon to form four covalent bonds makes large, complex molecules possible. When a carbon atom forms covalent bonds with four other atoms, they are arranged at the corners of an imaginary tetrahedron with bond angles of 109.5°. In molecules with multiple carbon atoms, every carbon ...
... The ability of carbon to form four covalent bonds makes large, complex molecules possible. When a carbon atom forms covalent bonds with four other atoms, they are arranged at the corners of an imaginary tetrahedron with bond angles of 109.5°. In molecules with multiple carbon atoms, every carbon ...
physicochemical properties of organic medicinal agents
... examples below, comparing the ability of esters, amides and ethers to undergo hydrolysis in mild aqueous acid. Esters have a polarized carbonyl and little electron donation by the other oxygen atom, thus they are readily attacked by nucleophiles such as water (see Ester Tutorial) and undergo hydroly ...
... examples below, comparing the ability of esters, amides and ethers to undergo hydrolysis in mild aqueous acid. Esters have a polarized carbonyl and little electron donation by the other oxygen atom, thus they are readily attacked by nucleophiles such as water (see Ester Tutorial) and undergo hydroly ...
Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
... Oxidation of Alkenes: Hydroxylation Acid catalyzed epoxide-opening takes place by: Protonation of the epoxide increasing the electrophilicity of carbon 2. Nucleophilic addition of water followed by deprotonation ...
... Oxidation of Alkenes: Hydroxylation Acid catalyzed epoxide-opening takes place by: Protonation of the epoxide increasing the electrophilicity of carbon 2. Nucleophilic addition of water followed by deprotonation ...
RULE
... carbocation), the proximity of a Nu: and E+ facilitate their interaction and attachment of bromine to the other sp2 carbon atom. Notice that while this compound looks “strange,” it doesn’t violate any RULES (not more than 8 electrons about bromine, but three bonds mean a formal charge of +1) ...
... carbocation), the proximity of a Nu: and E+ facilitate their interaction and attachment of bromine to the other sp2 carbon atom. Notice that while this compound looks “strange,” it doesn’t violate any RULES (not more than 8 electrons about bromine, but three bonds mean a formal charge of +1) ...
![CUCURBIT[7]URIL HOST-GUEST COMPLEXES WITH DRUG MOLECULES CONTAINING ISOQUINOLINE GROUPS Julian Kwok by](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008101179_1-fa974bb5e0d463f251947f4fb85d5098-300x300.png)
CUCURBIT[7]URIL HOST-GUEST COMPLEXES WITH DRUG MOLECULES CONTAINING ISOQUINOLINE GROUPS Julian Kwok by
... portion, increasing the binding constant by five orders of magnitude. In the case of Nmethyl laudanosinium cation, the 1H NMR spectra demonstrated that CB[7] can bind to both the dimethoxyisoquinolinium and dimethoxybenzyl groups. With the series of 1,n-bis(isoquinolinium)-alkane dications, the mod ...
... portion, increasing the binding constant by five orders of magnitude. In the case of Nmethyl laudanosinium cation, the 1H NMR spectra demonstrated that CB[7] can bind to both the dimethoxyisoquinolinium and dimethoxybenzyl groups. With the series of 1,n-bis(isoquinolinium)-alkane dications, the mod ...
Old Exam
... platinum coin. After taking the coin back to the lab, I get out a graduated cylinder. The mass of the cylinder is 120.4367 g. I add water at 25 °C to the 25.0 mL mark. Then I weigh the cylinder on a balance and the mass is 145.3643 g. Then I add the coin. The volume now reads 27.3 mL and the mass of ...
... platinum coin. After taking the coin back to the lab, I get out a graduated cylinder. The mass of the cylinder is 120.4367 g. I add water at 25 °C to the 25.0 mL mark. Then I weigh the cylinder on a balance and the mass is 145.3643 g. Then I add the coin. The volume now reads 27.3 mL and the mass of ...
1.9 M - Thierry Karsenti
... models. The focus will be on the thought process involved in the development of the periodic table and its use in explaining the structure and properties of elements in “groups” and “periods”. Both microscopic (in which matter is regarded as a collection of atoms and molecules) and macroscopic (asso ...
... models. The focus will be on the thought process involved in the development of the periodic table and its use in explaining the structure and properties of elements in “groups” and “periods”. Both microscopic (in which matter is regarded as a collection of atoms and molecules) and macroscopic (asso ...
Chapter 12
... amine adduct with BF3 . Since the enthalpy of adduct formation is least favorable with BF3, however, it is concluded that the loss in BX double-bond character upon rehybridization to form an adduct is greater with BF3 than in the other tri halides. From this we can conclude that the double-bond cha ...
... amine adduct with BF3 . Since the enthalpy of adduct formation is least favorable with BF3, however, it is concluded that the loss in BX double-bond character upon rehybridization to form an adduct is greater with BF3 than in the other tri halides. From this we can conclude that the double-bond cha ...
3-3 More bonding.pptx
... Because atoms can move with respect to one another, metals are malleable. -‐ AbsorpKon of a photon will promote an electron to a higher energy level. ...
... Because atoms can move with respect to one another, metals are malleable. -‐ AbsorpKon of a photon will promote an electron to a higher energy level. ...
Molecular Orbital Theory
... • Curved arrow: a symbol used to show the redistribution of valence electrons • In using curved arrows, there are only two allowed types of electron redistribution: – from a bond to an adjacent atom – from an atom to an adjacent bond ...
... • Curved arrow: a symbol used to show the redistribution of valence electrons • In using curved arrows, there are only two allowed types of electron redistribution: – from a bond to an adjacent atom – from an atom to an adjacent bond ...
ppt
... 24.5: Substituent Effects on the Acidity of Phenols. Electron-donating substituents make a phenol less acidic by destabilizing the phenoxide ion (resonance effect) X ...
... 24.5: Substituent Effects on the Acidity of Phenols. Electron-donating substituents make a phenol less acidic by destabilizing the phenoxide ion (resonance effect) X ...
Chapter 17: Amines and Amides
... Their effect may be felt within 20 minutes. Barbiturates are used medically to relieve anxiety, tension, insomnia, epilepsy and hypertension. People using barbiturates should be aware of the extreme danger they are in if they combine alcohol and barbiturates. The barbiturate and alcohol combination ...
... Their effect may be felt within 20 minutes. Barbiturates are used medically to relieve anxiety, tension, insomnia, epilepsy and hypertension. People using barbiturates should be aware of the extreme danger they are in if they combine alcohol and barbiturates. The barbiturate and alcohol combination ...
Document
... • carbon: four covalent bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons • hydrogen: one covalent bond and no unshared pairs of electrons • nitrogen: three covalent bonds and one unshared pair of electrons • oxygen: two covalent bonds and two unshared pairs of electrons • a halogen: one covalent bond and th ...
... • carbon: four covalent bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons • hydrogen: one covalent bond and no unshared pairs of electrons • nitrogen: three covalent bonds and one unshared pair of electrons • oxygen: two covalent bonds and two unshared pairs of electrons • a halogen: one covalent bond and th ...
Melting Point Determination
... B. Loading the melting point capillary. Place a VERY SMALL quantity of the solid of interest on a watch glass, and use a stirring rod to grind the solid to a powder. Use a spatula to gather the powder into a small pile. Stick the open end of a melting point capillary into the pile to a depth of abou ...
... B. Loading the melting point capillary. Place a VERY SMALL quantity of the solid of interest on a watch glass, and use a stirring rod to grind the solid to a powder. Use a spatula to gather the powder into a small pile. Stick the open end of a melting point capillary into the pile to a depth of abou ...
Isomerism Powerpoint presentation
... Functional Group different functional group different chemical properties different physical properties • Sometimes more than one type of isomerism occurs in the same molecule. • The more carbon atoms there are, the greater the number of possible isomers ...
... Functional Group different functional group different chemical properties different physical properties • Sometimes more than one type of isomerism occurs in the same molecule. • The more carbon atoms there are, the greater the number of possible isomers ...
Homoaromaticity
Homoaromaticity in organic chemistry refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties associated with aromatic compounds are still observed for such compounds. This formal discontinuity is apparently bridged by p-orbital overlap, maintaining a contiguous cycle of π electrons that is responsible for this preserved chemical stability.The concept of homoaromaticity was pioneered by Saul Winstein in 1959, prompted by his studies of the “tris-homocyclopropenyl” cation. Since the publication of Winstein's paper, much research has been devoted to understanding and classifying these molecules, which represent an additional “class” of aromatic molecules included under the continuously broadening definition of aromaticity. To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The 'homotropylium' cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.