110A Exam 1 Review Sheet-Fall Semester 2016 Review Session
... 2. Be able to explain Wohler’s and Kolbe’s contribution to the demise of vitalism. 3. Be able to explain Couper, Kekule, and Butlerov’s contributions to the structural theory of organic molecules. 4. Be able to list the usual valences of H, O, N, S, P, F, Cl, Br, I, and C, and to know examples of ca ...
... 2. Be able to explain Wohler’s and Kolbe’s contribution to the demise of vitalism. 3. Be able to explain Couper, Kekule, and Butlerov’s contributions to the structural theory of organic molecules. 4. Be able to list the usual valences of H, O, N, S, P, F, Cl, Br, I, and C, and to know examples of ca ...
Handout: Naming Organic Compounds Substituents Longest carbon
... with same R groups on N: Treat alkyl groups attached to nitrogen as substituents. For same substituents, use “di” and “tri.” 2°, 3° amines with different R groups on N: Parent amine is the one with largest R group; name other groups as substituents, starting with N-. [Ions derived from a ...
... with same R groups on N: Treat alkyl groups attached to nitrogen as substituents. For same substituents, use “di” and “tri.” 2°, 3° amines with different R groups on N: Parent amine is the one with largest R group; name other groups as substituents, starting with N-. [Ions derived from a ...
One-dimensional Substances
... in chains. There are three mutually perpendicular sets of chains, pointing to the three directions of three-dimensional space. At first glance the structure seems three-dimensional and it takes some imagination to recognize the chains. The distance between two vanadium or niobium atoms in the same c ...
... in chains. There are three mutually perpendicular sets of chains, pointing to the three directions of three-dimensional space. At first glance the structure seems three-dimensional and it takes some imagination to recognize the chains. The distance between two vanadium or niobium atoms in the same c ...
INTRODUCTION - Open Access Repository of Indian Theses
... carbonyl compounds using La(NO3)3.6H2O as a catalyst under solventfree conditions A mild and efficient 1, 4-addition of thiols to α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of La(NO3)3.6H2O under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in excellent yields is described. The 1,4-addition ...
... carbonyl compounds using La(NO3)3.6H2O as a catalyst under solventfree conditions A mild and efficient 1, 4-addition of thiols to α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of La(NO3)3.6H2O under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in excellent yields is described. The 1,4-addition ...
Basic definitions for organic chemistry
... One assumes that organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen but it can be proved by letting the compound undergo combustion. Carbon is converted to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water. ...
... One assumes that organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen but it can be proved by letting the compound undergo combustion. Carbon is converted to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water. ...
Notes 07 Organometallic Compounds
... Creation of new C-C bonds. ______________are best, otherwise an elimination reaction can occur. The R’ group in the halide can be ______________ The R group of the cuprate can be ______________ Although the mechanism looks like a _________ reaction, it is more complex and is not well understood. ...
... Creation of new C-C bonds. ______________are best, otherwise an elimination reaction can occur. The R’ group in the halide can be ______________ The R group of the cuprate can be ______________ Although the mechanism looks like a _________ reaction, it is more complex and is not well understood. ...
Carbohydrates
... Chirality: handedness in molecules • “Handedness” is a feature that an object possesses by virtue of its symmetry. When an object has a handedness (e.g. right- or left-), its mirror image cannot be superimposed upon it (the mirror image and object are non-superimposable) • Non-superimposable means ...
... Chirality: handedness in molecules • “Handedness” is a feature that an object possesses by virtue of its symmetry. When an object has a handedness (e.g. right- or left-), its mirror image cannot be superimposed upon it (the mirror image and object are non-superimposable) • Non-superimposable means ...
CHM 103 Lecture 22 S07
... Important: Properties of polymers depend on what monomers they are made from and how ...
... Important: Properties of polymers depend on what monomers they are made from and how ...
CH4 Student Revision Guides pdf | GCE AS/A
... that leaves no ambiguity. Many organic compounds have been known for a long time and have trivial names that pre-date systematic nomenclature. ...
... that leaves no ambiguity. Many organic compounds have been known for a long time and have trivial names that pre-date systematic nomenclature. ...
chemistry
... prediction. If you read a description of matter which indicates that it is a solid, nonmetallic molecular compound, then (by the end of this textbook at least) you will have a good idea of its properties in general. There are many different classification systems used, some linked together, others s ...
... prediction. If you read a description of matter which indicates that it is a solid, nonmetallic molecular compound, then (by the end of this textbook at least) you will have a good idea of its properties in general. There are many different classification systems used, some linked together, others s ...
Ionization Spectroscopy of a DNA Base: Vacuum
... Ionization of nucleic acid bases is the first step in DNA damage/ mutation caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.1-8 After the initial ionization of a nucleic acid base, the hole trapped in that base migrates along the DNA helix through hopping and/or tunneling mechanisms, resulting in various ty ...
... Ionization of nucleic acid bases is the first step in DNA damage/ mutation caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.1-8 After the initial ionization of a nucleic acid base, the hole trapped in that base migrates along the DNA helix through hopping and/or tunneling mechanisms, resulting in various ty ...
How well do you know your functional groups?
... Limitations of IR spectroscopy: • You can’t assign every single band or peak • Peaks at some frequencies could be attributed to a number of structures • Compounds with very similar C skeletons cannot be distinguished by IR alone Combining the IR spectrum with other information in structure determin ...
... Limitations of IR spectroscopy: • You can’t assign every single band or peak • Peaks at some frequencies could be attributed to a number of structures • Compounds with very similar C skeletons cannot be distinguished by IR alone Combining the IR spectrum with other information in structure determin ...
Preface (PDF, 24 Pages, 5.7 MB)
... the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and p ermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or lik ...
... the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and p ermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or lik ...
Unit 1 Practice Problems
... ionic, molecular, or an acid. Since CoF2 contains a metal and a nonmetal, it is ionic. Next refer to Table 3.2 to determine whether the metal forms one type of ion or more than one type. Since Co is not listed in Table 3.2, it must form more than one type of ion. Name the compound as the name of the ...
... ionic, molecular, or an acid. Since CoF2 contains a metal and a nonmetal, it is ionic. Next refer to Table 3.2 to determine whether the metal forms one type of ion or more than one type. Since Co is not listed in Table 3.2, it must form more than one type of ion. Name the compound as the name of the ...
102 Lecture Ch14a
... • Find longest chain containing the C to which the OH group is attached • Number C’s starting at end nearest OH group • Locate and number substituents and give full name - use a number to indicate position of OH group - cyclic alcohols have cyclo- before the parent name; numbering begins at the OH g ...
... • Find longest chain containing the C to which the OH group is attached • Number C’s starting at end nearest OH group • Locate and number substituents and give full name - use a number to indicate position of OH group - cyclic alcohols have cyclo- before the parent name; numbering begins at the OH g ...
Regular article A valence-bond-based complete-active-space
... orbitals. For a pure covalent wavefunction, the occupations should be 1.00 on the carbon atoms and 2.00 on the nitrogen orbitals of indole. Occupations significantly different from 1.00 are shown with arrows in Fig. 6. The ground-state wavefunction at the Franck–Condon geometry is the reference for ou ...
... orbitals. For a pure covalent wavefunction, the occupations should be 1.00 on the carbon atoms and 2.00 on the nitrogen orbitals of indole. Occupations significantly different from 1.00 are shown with arrows in Fig. 6. The ground-state wavefunction at the Franck–Condon geometry is the reference for ou ...
Carboxylic Acid Structure and Chemistry
... If electron donating groups (+I) decrease acidity, then it is reasonable to expect that electron withdrawing groups by induction (-I groups) attached to the carboxyl group would enhance acidity. And this is indeed the case. Consider the examples of acetic acid, chloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic ...
... If electron donating groups (+I) decrease acidity, then it is reasonable to expect that electron withdrawing groups by induction (-I groups) attached to the carboxyl group would enhance acidity. And this is indeed the case. Consider the examples of acetic acid, chloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic ...
IB2 SL CHEMISTRY Name: …………………………… Topic 10
... Allow double bonds on arene in alternate positions, or allow delocalized representation (of pi electrons). ...
... Allow double bonds on arene in alternate positions, or allow delocalized representation (of pi electrons). ...
Handout 7
... establishment of an equilibrium between the two and a new compound called “hemiacetal”. The essential structure features of a hemiacetal are an –OH and –OR groups attached to the same carbon atom (and since this carbon atom came from an aldehyde, this carbon also has one hydrogen atom attached to it ...
... establishment of an equilibrium between the two and a new compound called “hemiacetal”. The essential structure features of a hemiacetal are an –OH and –OR groups attached to the same carbon atom (and since this carbon atom came from an aldehyde, this carbon also has one hydrogen atom attached to it ...
Homoaromaticity
Homoaromaticity in organic chemistry refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties associated with aromatic compounds are still observed for such compounds. This formal discontinuity is apparently bridged by p-orbital overlap, maintaining a contiguous cycle of π electrons that is responsible for this preserved chemical stability.The concept of homoaromaticity was pioneered by Saul Winstein in 1959, prompted by his studies of the “tris-homocyclopropenyl” cation. Since the publication of Winstein's paper, much research has been devoted to understanding and classifying these molecules, which represent an additional “class” of aromatic molecules included under the continuously broadening definition of aromaticity. To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The 'homotropylium' cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.