Brain Stimulation for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
Birds, primates, and spoken language origins: behavioral
... We begin with the useful designations of vocal learning made by Janik and Slater (1997), but with our modifications of their three categories as: production vocal learning; usage vocal learning; and, auditory learning (instead of comprehension learning). Production vocal learning is often defined as ...
... We begin with the useful designations of vocal learning made by Janik and Slater (1997), but with our modifications of their three categories as: production vocal learning; usage vocal learning; and, auditory learning (instead of comprehension learning). Production vocal learning is often defined as ...
Chapter 02 Neuroscience and Behavior
... Compare your forearm, palm, wrist, and fingers to a neuron. In such an analogy, the dendrites would be your: ...
... Compare your forearm, palm, wrist, and fingers to a neuron. In such an analogy, the dendrites would be your: ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by assigning neurons to their respective lineages. In this article we address the automation of neuron and lineage identification. We focus ...
... forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by assigning neurons to their respective lineages. In this article we address the automation of neuron and lineage identification. We focus ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... the transition between potentiation and depression is very sharp (Fig. 1B). Later studies confirmed this in several brain regions and refined the temporal properties of plasticity (Magee and Johnston 1997; Zhang et al. 1998; Bi and Poo 1998; Feldman 2000; Sjöström et al. 2001). Fueled by these exper ...
... the transition between potentiation and depression is very sharp (Fig. 1B). Later studies confirmed this in several brain regions and refined the temporal properties of plasticity (Magee and Johnston 1997; Zhang et al. 1998; Bi and Poo 1998; Feldman 2000; Sjöström et al. 2001). Fueled by these exper ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... grouping or “binding,” and dynamic routing (cf. Phillips et al., this volume). All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect neural activity but without changing the information transmitted by the cells producing that activity. Tiesinga et al. (2008:106) state that “multipl ...
... grouping or “binding,” and dynamic routing (cf. Phillips et al., this volume). All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect neural activity but without changing the information transmitted by the cells producing that activity. Tiesinga et al. (2008:106) state that “multipl ...
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... a. A tiny gap that separates one neuron from another through which messages are carried b. The tube-like part of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons c. Root-like structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons d. Body organs or structures that produce secretions e. A bundle of ...
... a. A tiny gap that separates one neuron from another through which messages are carried b. The tube-like part of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons c. Root-like structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons d. Body organs or structures that produce secretions e. A bundle of ...
Developing Standardized Behavioral Tests for
... 1998; Hilakivi-Clarke and Lister 1992), and these differences may have significant effects on performance in tests of learning and memory (Dubrovina et al. 1997). When animals are group housed, individuals are often identified using ear tags, ear punching, or toe clipping. If a stressful procedure s ...
... 1998; Hilakivi-Clarke and Lister 1992), and these differences may have significant effects on performance in tests of learning and memory (Dubrovina et al. 1997). When animals are group housed, individuals are often identified using ear tags, ear punching, or toe clipping. If a stressful procedure s ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... Note that we avoid the term reinforcement in this review due to its many different meanings and often synonymous use with reward (95). Pavlov used reinforcement to refer to the strengthening of stimulus–stimulus associations; Thorndike defined it as the association between stimulus and response; and ...
... Note that we avoid the term reinforcement in this review due to its many different meanings and often synonymous use with reward (95). Pavlov used reinforcement to refer to the strengthening of stimulus–stimulus associations; Thorndike defined it as the association between stimulus and response; and ...
Inconsistent blood brain barrier disruption by intraarterial mannitol in
... We tested our hypothesis in anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits, which have a primate-like separation of internal (ICA) and external carotid arteries and are sufficiently large to safely permit required instrumentation and monitor the physiologic parameters. The protocol was approved by the Insti ...
... We tested our hypothesis in anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits, which have a primate-like separation of internal (ICA) and external carotid arteries and are sufficiently large to safely permit required instrumentation and monitor the physiologic parameters. The protocol was approved by the Insti ...
Science and the NDE - Near-Death Experiences and the Afterlife
... would become immortal. There is also the quantum theory of superposition where matter can exist in more than one dimension at the same time - making anomalous phenomena such as NDEs and OBEs possible. Physicists have experimentally demonstrated that two particles can be separated, and no matter by h ...
... would become immortal. There is also the quantum theory of superposition where matter can exist in more than one dimension at the same time - making anomalous phenomena such as NDEs and OBEs possible. Physicists have experimentally demonstrated that two particles can be separated, and no matter by h ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Bente G. Berg for supervising and helping me in this interesting area of research and building me in gaining the technical skills. Thank you, Hanna Mustaparta for reading my manuscript and providing me valuable comments and feedback. I would also like ...
... I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Bente G. Berg for supervising and helping me in this interesting area of research and building me in gaining the technical skills. Thank you, Hanna Mustaparta for reading my manuscript and providing me valuable comments and feedback. I would also like ...
Learning of Sequences of Finger Movements and Timing: Frontal
... lobe and action-oriented representation. J Neurophysiol 88: 2035–2046, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00116.2002. Motor sequence learning involves learning of a sequence of effectors with which to execute a series of movements and learning of a sequence of timings at which to execute the movements. In this study, ...
... lobe and action-oriented representation. J Neurophysiol 88: 2035–2046, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00116.2002. Motor sequence learning involves learning of a sequence of effectors with which to execute a series of movements and learning of a sequence of timings at which to execute the movements. In this study, ...
Neuropeptides in the Drosophila central complex in modulation of
... Lily Kahsai1, Jean-René Martin2 and Åsa M. E. Winther1,* ...
... Lily Kahsai1, Jean-René Martin2 and Åsa M. E. Winther1,* ...
1 - Philosophy and Predictive Processing
... that dominant theories of perception have for a long time marginalized their role). The novel contribution of PP is that it puts an extreme emphasis on this idea, depicting the influence of top-down processing and prior knowledge as a pervasive feature of perception, which is not only present in cas ...
... that dominant theories of perception have for a long time marginalized their role). The novel contribution of PP is that it puts an extreme emphasis on this idea, depicting the influence of top-down processing and prior knowledge as a pervasive feature of perception, which is not only present in cas ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsych
... structure lying along the right and left sides of the third ventricle. – Consists of a number of nuclei. – Relays for all sensory systems except olfaction on their way to cortex. – Communication relays for different parts of the cortex. ...
... structure lying along the right and left sides of the third ventricle. – Consists of a number of nuclei. – Relays for all sensory systems except olfaction on their way to cortex. – Communication relays for different parts of the cortex. ...
as a PDF
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
Learning to represent reward structure: A key to adapting to complex
... the CS–US case described above, the CS itself is a state. The second is a time assumption. In the original, mathematical setting, although there are transitions between the inputs, they are, in principle, not related to the physical passage of time (Nakahara and Kaveri, 2010); however, in the real w ...
... the CS–US case described above, the CS itself is a state. The second is a time assumption. In the original, mathematical setting, although there are transitions between the inputs, they are, in principle, not related to the physical passage of time (Nakahara and Kaveri, 2010); however, in the real w ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... increasing number of experiments related to a certain class of target cognitive, behavioural, and neural phenomena so as to incorporate a progressively larger number of constraints. This effort is expected to lead to isolate the general principles underlying the class of studied phenomena and hence ...
... increasing number of experiments related to a certain class of target cognitive, behavioural, and neural phenomena so as to incorporate a progressively larger number of constraints. This effort is expected to lead to isolate the general principles underlying the class of studied phenomena and hence ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... measurement of c-fos immunocytochemistry, a marker of cell activation, in histamine neurons identified with in situ hybridization of HDC mRNA. Under stress-free, basal conditions c-fos expression was detected in a negligible number of histamine neurons (less than 1%) distributed uniformly in the TMN ...
... measurement of c-fos immunocytochemistry, a marker of cell activation, in histamine neurons identified with in situ hybridization of HDC mRNA. Under stress-free, basal conditions c-fos expression was detected in a negligible number of histamine neurons (less than 1%) distributed uniformly in the TMN ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... According to Segawa [40], the circadian S-W cycle develops in the first four months of life and involves human interaction, accommodation to a novel environment, and functional lateralization of the cortex. By one year of age (the second phase), daytime sleep begins to occur only in the afternoon an ...
... According to Segawa [40], the circadian S-W cycle develops in the first four months of life and involves human interaction, accommodation to a novel environment, and functional lateralization of the cortex. By one year of age (the second phase), daytime sleep begins to occur only in the afternoon an ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... along natural lines of cleavage. With this method Rosett described the main orientation of the short fibres of most the gyri and sulci of the human brain, but he was not able to visualize their entire course and terminal projections. In more recent years the study of U-shaped connections continued i ...
... along natural lines of cleavage. With this method Rosett described the main orientation of the short fibres of most the gyri and sulci of the human brain, but he was not able to visualize their entire course and terminal projections. In more recent years the study of U-shaped connections continued i ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... pensable for rationality. At their best, feelings point us in the proper direction, take us to the appropriate place in a decision-making space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a persona ...
... pensable for rationality. At their best, feelings point us in the proper direction, take us to the appropriate place in a decision-making space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a persona ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... In a more complex form, two groups of cells can code for specific features, say lines of two given angles; activation of varying numbers or varying degrees of each set can represent an intermediate feature (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962). The degree of overlap is a topological issue (see Section 3.2) that ...
... In a more complex form, two groups of cells can code for specific features, say lines of two given angles; activation of varying numbers or varying degrees of each set can represent an intermediate feature (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962). The degree of overlap is a topological issue (see Section 3.2) that ...
Berridge, K.C.Brain reward systems for food incentives and
... there are distinct subtypes within the major types of eating disorder. It is important to strive toward discovering which answers are most correct for particular disorders or subtypes, because those answers carry implications for what treatment strategy might be best. For example, should one try to ...
... there are distinct subtypes within the major types of eating disorder. It is important to strive toward discovering which answers are most correct for particular disorders or subtypes, because those answers carry implications for what treatment strategy might be best. For example, should one try to ...