Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
Locomotion Evoked by Stimulation of the Brain Stem in the Atlantic
... which locomotion could be evoked by microstimulation, a complete grid of tracks was made through the rhombencephalon of 5 animals. To locate those areas from which locomotion was mediated by stimulation of neurons or their dendrites rather than axons of passage, we determined the distribution of sit ...
... which locomotion could be evoked by microstimulation, a complete grid of tracks was made through the rhombencephalon of 5 animals. To locate those areas from which locomotion was mediated by stimulation of neurons or their dendrites rather than axons of passage, we determined the distribution of sit ...
BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
... communication, neurons have evolved special abilities for sending electrical signals called action potentials along its axons (figure 3). This mechanism, called conduction is how a cell body of a neuron communicates with its own terminal via an axon. Remember, axons can be very long, so a very fast ...
... communication, neurons have evolved special abilities for sending electrical signals called action potentials along its axons (figure 3). This mechanism, called conduction is how a cell body of a neuron communicates with its own terminal via an axon. Remember, axons can be very long, so a very fast ...
Foundations of Physiological Psychology, 7e (Carlson)
... plugged with cotton, the scent of a flower is directed to her right nostril. We would expect this odor to A) generate a sensory message in the left hemisphere of her brain. B) generate a sensory message in both hemispheres of this person’s brain. C) lead that person to report the smell of a flower. ...
... plugged with cotton, the scent of a flower is directed to her right nostril. We would expect this odor to A) generate a sensory message in the left hemisphere of her brain. B) generate a sensory message in both hemispheres of this person’s brain. C) lead that person to report the smell of a flower. ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... this implementation were assessed in common to verify their biological plausibility. Within the primary objective of recording the activity of V6A neurons set by partner UNIBO for the 2nd year in WP2, the specific objectives were (i) to explore the possible involvement of V6A in visual and somatosen ...
... this implementation were assessed in common to verify their biological plausibility. Within the primary objective of recording the activity of V6A neurons set by partner UNIBO for the 2nd year in WP2, the specific objectives were (i) to explore the possible involvement of V6A in visual and somatosen ...
Enhanced intrinsic excitability and EPSP
... induction of LTP. EE also reduced spiking threshold and after-hyperpolarization ...
... induction of LTP. EE also reduced spiking threshold and after-hyperpolarization ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... subjective appraisals of performance under stereotype threat. If stereotype threat promotes greater vigilance to performance errors and a more negative interpretation of performance as reviewed above, then even in circumstances where performance is not actually impaired, one’s subjective appraisal a ...
... subjective appraisals of performance under stereotype threat. If stereotype threat promotes greater vigilance to performance errors and a more negative interpretation of performance as reviewed above, then even in circumstances where performance is not actually impaired, one’s subjective appraisal a ...
J Comp Neurol 2000 Lavenex - University of California, Berkeley
... the relative size of the hippocampus is greater in females than males (Sherry et al., 1993). A similar study in shiny cowbirds (M. bonariensis) reported that these sex differences vary seasonally and that sexual dimorphism in relative hippocampal volume might be present only during the breeding seas ...
... the relative size of the hippocampus is greater in females than males (Sherry et al., 1993). A similar study in shiny cowbirds (M. bonariensis) reported that these sex differences vary seasonally and that sexual dimorphism in relative hippocampal volume might be present only during the breeding seas ...
Hebbian Learning
... b. You give food in the presence of a 300 Hz tone for 2 time steps. You need to recalculate all parameters after each time step. What are the new values for all synapses? c. What is the activity of the postsynaptic neuron now in response to a 300 Hz tone? What is its activity in response to a 100 or ...
... b. You give food in the presence of a 300 Hz tone for 2 time steps. You need to recalculate all parameters after each time step. What are the new values for all synapses? c. What is the activity of the postsynaptic neuron now in response to a 300 Hz tone? What is its activity in response to a 100 or ...
PDF+Links
... (NGF) on morphology of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons was tested in 4and 28-month-old male Wistar rats. All studies were conducted using behaviorally uncharacterized animals from the same breeding colony. Immunohistochemical proNTR receptor has been applied to cedure for choline acetyl ...
... (NGF) on morphology of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons was tested in 4and 28-month-old male Wistar rats. All studies were conducted using behaviorally uncharacterized animals from the same breeding colony. Immunohistochemical proNTR receptor has been applied to cedure for choline acetyl ...
PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS
... Stress and adaptation in Brattleboro rats lacking arginine-vasopressin Aet Alttoa (Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia) Measurement of persistently expressed behavioural traits in outbred rats: Underlying gene expression patterns Symposium VII: Stem Cells Based Therapeutic Approac ...
... Stress and adaptation in Brattleboro rats lacking arginine-vasopressin Aet Alttoa (Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia) Measurement of persistently expressed behavioural traits in outbred rats: Underlying gene expression patterns Symposium VII: Stem Cells Based Therapeutic Approac ...
Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... punishment depends on the actions it performs. Instrumental conditioning is thus closely related to the engineering theory of optimal control and the computer science theory of reinforcement learning, which both study how systems of any sort can choose their actions to maximize rewards or minimize p ...
... punishment depends on the actions it performs. Instrumental conditioning is thus closely related to the engineering theory of optimal control and the computer science theory of reinforcement learning, which both study how systems of any sort can choose their actions to maximize rewards or minimize p ...
Words in the brain`s language
... Abstract: If the cortex is an associative memory, strongly connected cell assemblies will form when neurons in different cortical areas are frequently active at the same time. The cortical distributions of these assemblies must be a consequence of where in the cortex correlated neuronal activity occ ...
... Abstract: If the cortex is an associative memory, strongly connected cell assemblies will form when neurons in different cortical areas are frequently active at the same time. The cortical distributions of these assemblies must be a consequence of where in the cortex correlated neuronal activity occ ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
Rethinking Mammalian Brain Evolution1
... remarkable array of new insights into the patterns of brain diversity. Now that tracer techniques have filled this crucial gap in information about basic neural functional anatomy, these data can be integrated with data from physiological and quantitative studies to provide all the pieces of evidenc ...
... remarkable array of new insights into the patterns of brain diversity. Now that tracer techniques have filled this crucial gap in information about basic neural functional anatomy, these data can be integrated with data from physiological and quantitative studies to provide all the pieces of evidenc ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... turn give rise to the functional specialization within the striatum: limbic functions more medially versus sensorimotor functions more laterally (Parent, 1990; Brown et al., 1998; Haber et al., 2000). This medial-lateral functional topography is present in both rodents and primates (Yin and Knowlton ...
... turn give rise to the functional specialization within the striatum: limbic functions more medially versus sensorimotor functions more laterally (Parent, 1990; Brown et al., 1998; Haber et al., 2000). This medial-lateral functional topography is present in both rodents and primates (Yin and Knowlton ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... students to see how the research process works, on a bigger, grander scale. Students learn that there is a cellular phenomenon that scientists do not understand. Data show that Parkinson’s patients have normal neurologic function with up to 80% dopamine neuron loss. Data also show that although the ...
... students to see how the research process works, on a bigger, grander scale. Students learn that there is a cellular phenomenon that scientists do not understand. Data show that Parkinson’s patients have normal neurologic function with up to 80% dopamine neuron loss. Data also show that although the ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... steel platform that served as the indifferent electrode. A small area of the midbrain was desheathed to facilitate microelectrode penetration. In some preparations, the recording site was stabilized f urther by a stainless steel ring that was gently pushed onto the brain. In some recordings, especia ...
... steel platform that served as the indifferent electrode. A small area of the midbrain was desheathed to facilitate microelectrode penetration. In some preparations, the recording site was stabilized f urther by a stainless steel ring that was gently pushed onto the brain. In some recordings, especia ...
Selective Brain to Blood Efflux Transport of para
... Measurement of distribution volume of [3H]PAH in the brain. The distribution volume of PAH in the brain was determined by the in vitro brain slice uptake technique. Brain slices were prepared as reported previously with minor modification (Newman et al., 1991). After decapitating rats, brains were i ...
... Measurement of distribution volume of [3H]PAH in the brain. The distribution volume of PAH in the brain was determined by the in vitro brain slice uptake technique. Brain slices were prepared as reported previously with minor modification (Newman et al., 1991). After decapitating rats, brains were i ...