Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... the tracts in adult fishes(Johnston, 1911; Ariens Kapperset al., 1936)and with the early brain tracts in amphibia (Coghill, 1926, 1930; Herrick, 1937, 1938). When the embryonic tracts could not be identified unambiguously by these comparisons, they were named by their location. The 8 tracts are the ...
... the tracts in adult fishes(Johnston, 1911; Ariens Kapperset al., 1936)and with the early brain tracts in amphibia (Coghill, 1926, 1930; Herrick, 1937, 1938). When the embryonic tracts could not be identified unambiguously by these comparisons, they were named by their location. The 8 tracts are the ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large
... young adults (20–26 y), and older adults (70–76 y). Evoked oscillations in children were significantly reduced between 30 and 148 Hz over occipital electrodes relative to adults and did not show a modulation by the size of the stimulus. Moreover, Yordanova et al42 reported also differences in alpha ...
... young adults (20–26 y), and older adults (70–76 y). Evoked oscillations in children were significantly reduced between 30 and 148 Hz over occipital electrodes relative to adults and did not show a modulation by the size of the stimulus. Moreover, Yordanova et al42 reported also differences in alpha ...
Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions during Learning May Occur by Lactate
... all organisms, even those that lack a nervous system and even in unicellular organisms. In multicellular organisms, signaling through glutamate receptors existed well before the divergence between animal and plant phyla (Chiu et al., 1999). Of course, not all molecules that became neurotransmitters ...
... all organisms, even those that lack a nervous system and even in unicellular organisms. In multicellular organisms, signaling through glutamate receptors existed well before the divergence between animal and plant phyla (Chiu et al., 1999). Of course, not all molecules that became neurotransmitters ...
Parallel contributions of distinct human memory systems during
... timed) followed by a jittered ITI (6 to14 s) before onset of the next trial. The test phase consisted of 30 trials, including 3 presentations of each of the 10 visual cues. Participants' accuracy was also recorded during a follow up behavioral only test session administered between 1 and 7 days foll ...
... timed) followed by a jittered ITI (6 to14 s) before onset of the next trial. The test phase consisted of 30 trials, including 3 presentations of each of the 10 visual cues. Participants' accuracy was also recorded during a follow up behavioral only test session administered between 1 and 7 days foll ...
HUMAN BRAIN EVOLUTION IN AN ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT^
... great apes (chimpanzee, gorilla, orang-utan) follow the ...
... great apes (chimpanzee, gorilla, orang-utan) follow the ...
Effect of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity on Learning- Arc Efferent Neurons
... Spiny efferent neurons comprise ~95% of the neurons in the striatum (Kemp and Powell, 1971). Approximately half of these neurons, the striatonigral or "direct" pathway neurons, contain substance P and its preprotachykinin (PPT) precursor mRNA (Powell et al., 1973). The other half, the striatopallida ...
... Spiny efferent neurons comprise ~95% of the neurons in the striatum (Kemp and Powell, 1971). Approximately half of these neurons, the striatonigral or "direct" pathway neurons, contain substance P and its preprotachykinin (PPT) precursor mRNA (Powell et al., 1973). The other half, the striatopallida ...
NIHbioKAM - Kurt A. Mossberg
... Principal Investigator. The Moody Endowment; Amino acid supplementation in recovery after brain injury. Elisabet Børsheim, PI; 2007-09 (no cost extension 2010-2011). This is a pilot project with the goal of assessing the feasibility of long-term amino acid supplementation in persons recovering from ...
... Principal Investigator. The Moody Endowment; Amino acid supplementation in recovery after brain injury. Elisabet Børsheim, PI; 2007-09 (no cost extension 2010-2011). This is a pilot project with the goal of assessing the feasibility of long-term amino acid supplementation in persons recovering from ...
Cortical evolution and development: Conserved
... 1989; Graham et al. 1989); the designation of areas for special senses and limbs (Callaerts et al. 1997); the control of the cell cycle and “symmetry-breaking” events that control cell cycle entry and exit, and other features of cell specification (Gerhart & Kirschner 1997). Many particular mechani ...
... 1989; Graham et al. 1989); the designation of areas for special senses and limbs (Callaerts et al. 1997); the control of the cell cycle and “symmetry-breaking” events that control cell cycle entry and exit, and other features of cell specification (Gerhart & Kirschner 1997). Many particular mechani ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... from climbing fibers through many hundreds or thousands of synapses. In contrast, the model as shown in (C) that utilizes specific input to a presynaptic terminal as is known to exist in invertebrate systems, would have to supply the UCS to all synapses simultaneously in order to achieve the same ki ...
... from climbing fibers through many hundreds or thousands of synapses. In contrast, the model as shown in (C) that utilizes specific input to a presynaptic terminal as is known to exist in invertebrate systems, would have to supply the UCS to all synapses simultaneously in order to achieve the same ki ...
Invertebrate learning and cognition: relating
... for with the same neural circuitry required for so-called simple learning types. At the neurobiological level, different learning phenomena are unlikely to be independent, and without considering this it is very difficult to correctly interpret the phylogenetic distribution of learning and cognitive ...
... for with the same neural circuitry required for so-called simple learning types. At the neurobiological level, different learning phenomena are unlikely to be independent, and without considering this it is very difficult to correctly interpret the phylogenetic distribution of learning and cognitive ...
VALUE-DEPENDENT SELECTION IN THE BRAIN: SIMULATION IN
... to the value system itself was shown to significantly improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or inna ...
... to the value system itself was shown to significantly improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or inna ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... time-course of their vestibular compensation. The results show that the monoaminergic changes are different in the two rat strains. In the MVN of albino rats, there was a bilateral increase of MHPG and an ipsilateral increase of dopamine suggesting activation of norepinephrine synthesis and metaboli ...
... time-course of their vestibular compensation. The results show that the monoaminergic changes are different in the two rat strains. In the MVN of albino rats, there was a bilateral increase of MHPG and an ipsilateral increase of dopamine suggesting activation of norepinephrine synthesis and metaboli ...
Cover page
... through POR to amygdala and on to lateral hypothalamic neurons involved in food-seeking behavior. We are investigating the mechanisms by which genetically, anatomically and chemically defined classes of cortical neurons facilitate cue-induced feeding in a hunger-dependent manner. Such motivation-spe ...
... through POR to amygdala and on to lateral hypothalamic neurons involved in food-seeking behavior. We are investigating the mechanisms by which genetically, anatomically and chemically defined classes of cortical neurons facilitate cue-induced feeding in a hunger-dependent manner. Such motivation-spe ...
Messages from the Brain Connectivity Regarding Neural Correlates
... the functional integration of widely distributed brain areas for coherent behavioral responses and mental states [17]. Although the coexistence of segregation and integration is indispensible for the proper functioning of large-scale neurocognitive networks [17], a majority of neuroimaging studies h ...
... the functional integration of widely distributed brain areas for coherent behavioral responses and mental states [17]. Although the coexistence of segregation and integration is indispensible for the proper functioning of large-scale neurocognitive networks [17], a majority of neuroimaging studies h ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that expe ...
... Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that expe ...
The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following
... and immunohistochemistry with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK) antibody were used in order to assess posttraumatic neurons. In the neocortex, the number of dead neurons at 24 h postinjury was signiWcantly less than that of the observed N-DNs in the earlier phase. O ...
... and immunohistochemistry with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK) antibody were used in order to assess posttraumatic neurons. In the neocortex, the number of dead neurons at 24 h postinjury was signiWcantly less than that of the observed N-DNs in the earlier phase. O ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... from outside the injected areas were not responsive to light stimulation. Thus, optogenetic inhibition of MSNs was able to block firing in response to excitatory currents which were many times greater than synaptic inputs recorded in vivo (Wickens and Wilson 1998). ...
... from outside the injected areas were not responsive to light stimulation. Thus, optogenetic inhibition of MSNs was able to block firing in response to excitatory currents which were many times greater than synaptic inputs recorded in vivo (Wickens and Wilson 1998). ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... – lesioning: insertion of a thin, insulated wire into the brain through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire – electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB): milder electrical current that causes neurons to react as if they had received a message – hum ...
... – lesioning: insertion of a thin, insulated wire into the brain through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire – electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB): milder electrical current that causes neurons to react as if they had received a message – hum ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... however, is unknown. Via double-label immunocytochemistry, we determined if the population of cells in these sites that express c-fos after maternal behaviour in lactating rats overlaps with the population that expresses the 67,000 mol. wt isoform of glutamate decarboxlyase, the synthesizing enzyme ...
... however, is unknown. Via double-label immunocytochemistry, we determined if the population of cells in these sites that express c-fos after maternal behaviour in lactating rats overlaps with the population that expresses the 67,000 mol. wt isoform of glutamate decarboxlyase, the synthesizing enzyme ...
Statistical learning as a domain-general mechanism of entrenchment
... mathematics and machine learning (Vapnik, 1999). Also, there a number of other learning theories within psychology that are neither at odds with statistical learning, nor do they necessarily fall under the same umbrella, such as discriminative learning (Baayen, 2010). Such ideas about contextual lea ...
... mathematics and machine learning (Vapnik, 1999). Also, there a number of other learning theories within psychology that are neither at odds with statistical learning, nor do they necessarily fall under the same umbrella, such as discriminative learning (Baayen, 2010). Such ideas about contextual lea ...
The History of Sleep Advances
... reported a personal experience during an excursion in the mountains: forced to continue walking for 3 days, with only a few hours of rest, not having found any convenient lodging, he and his friends started having hallucinations during the night. On the basis of these episodes, Agostini stated that ...
... reported a personal experience during an excursion in the mountains: forced to continue walking for 3 days, with only a few hours of rest, not having found any convenient lodging, he and his friends started having hallucinations during the night. On the basis of these episodes, Agostini stated that ...
A reinforcement learning model of joy, distress, hope and fear.
... appraises based on the semantics of the state of the RL agent, such as if there is a wall or not, while in (Sequeira et al., 2014) appraisal is solely based on RL primitives. Furthermore, already in 1999 an exhaustive attempt has been made to investigate different ways in which both emotion and RL c ...
... appraises based on the semantics of the state of the RL agent, such as if there is a wall or not, while in (Sequeira et al., 2014) appraisal is solely based on RL primitives. Furthermore, already in 1999 an exhaustive attempt has been made to investigate different ways in which both emotion and RL c ...