Classical Conditioning
... Alternatives to Punishment An alternative to punishment if known as AVOIDANCE TRAINING the organism is given a “warning” before punishment occurs so it may change its behavior in order to avoid an unpleasant consequence like a punishment. ex/ “Counting to three” before punishment is delivered to ...
... Alternatives to Punishment An alternative to punishment if known as AVOIDANCE TRAINING the organism is given a “warning” before punishment occurs so it may change its behavior in order to avoid an unpleasant consequence like a punishment. ex/ “Counting to three” before punishment is delivered to ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... infusion cannulae in the deep layers of binocular V1. Single unit data were collected while animals performed daily sessions of the task under the initial cue-reward pairing, where cue 1 predicts a short delay to reward and cue 2 predicts a long delay. As previously observed (Shuler and Bear, 2006), ...
... infusion cannulae in the deep layers of binocular V1. Single unit data were collected while animals performed daily sessions of the task under the initial cue-reward pairing, where cue 1 predicts a short delay to reward and cue 2 predicts a long delay. As previously observed (Shuler and Bear, 2006), ...
Neuronal Replacement and Reconstruction of Damaged Circuitries
... survival can be greatly improvedby preparing the cavity in such a waythat the graft can be placed on a richly vascularizedsurface (e.g. the pia in the choroidal fissure) that can serve as a "culturing bed"for the graft (see Steneviet al 1976, M¢llgaard et al 1978). For areas in which such a surface ...
... survival can be greatly improvedby preparing the cavity in such a waythat the graft can be placed on a richly vascularizedsurface (e.g. the pia in the choroidal fissure) that can serve as a "culturing bed"for the graft (see Steneviet al 1976, M¢llgaard et al 1978). For areas in which such a surface ...
Identification of neural circuits involved in female genital responses
... behavior, including the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), the medial preoptic area (MPO), and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). The VMN is considered an integral component of the lordosis reflex; stimulation of the VMN in estrogen-primed animals facilitates the display of the lor ...
... behavior, including the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), the medial preoptic area (MPO), and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). The VMN is considered an integral component of the lordosis reflex; stimulation of the VMN in estrogen-primed animals facilitates the display of the lor ...
learning, Memory, and Cognition: Animal Perspectives
... between these two species were found, indicating that experience-dependent adjustment and innate stereo typy are two close strategies and are not related to any great differences between the neural systems involved. It will be interesting to search for structures in the brain that differ in these t ...
... between these two species were found, indicating that experience-dependent adjustment and innate stereo typy are two close strategies and are not related to any great differences between the neural systems involved. It will be interesting to search for structures in the brain that differ in these t ...
Reinforcement learning in cortical networks
... on these values (‘SARSA’, see Sutton and Barto (1998)). Because the evaluation of a value for a stateaction pair in a standard neuronal implementation requires to actually choose that action, however, value evaluation in order to decide for a single next action cannot be implemented in this straight ...
... on these values (‘SARSA’, see Sutton and Barto (1998)). Because the evaluation of a value for a stateaction pair in a standard neuronal implementation requires to actually choose that action, however, value evaluation in order to decide for a single next action cannot be implemented in this straight ...
Impulsivity-related brain volume deficits in schizophrenia
... left-handedness and mental retardation (IQ 590), which was tested with a multiple choice vocabulary test (Mehrfachwahl–WortschatzIntelligenztest-B, an indicator of pre-morbid abilities) (Lehrl et al., 1995). All patients with a history of substance abuse had not consumed any substances for at least ...
... left-handedness and mental retardation (IQ 590), which was tested with a multiple choice vocabulary test (Mehrfachwahl–WortschatzIntelligenztest-B, an indicator of pre-morbid abilities) (Lehrl et al., 1995). All patients with a history of substance abuse had not consumed any substances for at least ...
Hayrunnisa Bolay, Turkey
... periods during wakefulness. Lack of bilateral activation in TRN is against non-specific attention or being awake. Thalamic burst firing occurs spontaneously in human neuropathic pain conditions and also following noxious stimulation. Fifty to 65% of neurons in somatosensoriel TRN are nociceptive. Ca ...
... periods during wakefulness. Lack of bilateral activation in TRN is against non-specific attention or being awake. Thalamic burst firing occurs spontaneously in human neuropathic pain conditions and also following noxious stimulation. Fifty to 65% of neurons in somatosensoriel TRN are nociceptive. Ca ...
Age-related Increase in Astrocytes in the Visual Area V2 of the Cat
... Minor adjustments in the fine focus were made when necessary in order to make the images as legible as possible. However, as only the processes distributed laterally on the soma can be identified from a cross section, the process number counted in this study is a rough estimation. But the result sho ...
... Minor adjustments in the fine focus were made when necessary in order to make the images as legible as possible. However, as only the processes distributed laterally on the soma can be identified from a cross section, the process number counted in this study is a rough estimation. But the result sho ...
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
... observing another’s emotional reactions – Explains how we develop attitudes to foods, politics, ethnic groups, etc. ...
... observing another’s emotional reactions – Explains how we develop attitudes to foods, politics, ethnic groups, etc. ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... regions of the left and more lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, a double dissociation was found with the intensity ratings of the odours, which were not correlated with the BOLD signal in the orbitofrontal cortex, but were correlated with the signal in medial olfactory cortical areas including ...
... regions of the left and more lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, a double dissociation was found with the intensity ratings of the odours, which were not correlated with the BOLD signal in the orbitofrontal cortex, but were correlated with the signal in medial olfactory cortical areas including ...
Can Oxytocin function as an antidepressant?
... unclear how this correlation translates into the cause and effects of depression. HPA hyperactivity might well be an effect of depression and suppression of the hyperactivity might not directly alleviate depression. After all administration of cortisol or corticosterone do not induce depressive beha ...
... unclear how this correlation translates into the cause and effects of depression. HPA hyperactivity might well be an effect of depression and suppression of the hyperactivity might not directly alleviate depression. After all administration of cortisol or corticosterone do not induce depressive beha ...
paper - Rice University
... these similarities may stem from comparing two very broad and ill-defined concepts, rather than from a genuine conceptual overlap. Thus, the remainder of this chapter is devoted to comparing the properties of syntactic complexity of relative clauses and executive function, in an attempt to systemati ...
... these similarities may stem from comparing two very broad and ill-defined concepts, rather than from a genuine conceptual overlap. Thus, the remainder of this chapter is devoted to comparing the properties of syntactic complexity of relative clauses and executive function, in an attempt to systemati ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... an organism had physiological needs that induced drives to obtain rewards. Rewards then reduced the drives by satisfying the needs. Although appealing and parsimonious, it did not explain why people would eat something tasty even after being satiated nor odd behaviors such as treating predictive sti ...
... an organism had physiological needs that induced drives to obtain rewards. Rewards then reduced the drives by satisfying the needs. Although appealing and parsimonious, it did not explain why people would eat something tasty even after being satiated nor odd behaviors such as treating predictive sti ...
Thyroid hormone exerts site-specific effects on SRC
... of means revealed that T4-treated animals exhibited significantly lower body weights. These effects were not observed in dams sacrificed on G16. Film analysis following the in situ hybridization revealed that manipulation of maternal thyroid status did not significantly affect the abundance of SRC-1 ...
... of means revealed that T4-treated animals exhibited significantly lower body weights. These effects were not observed in dams sacrificed on G16. Film analysis following the in situ hybridization revealed that manipulation of maternal thyroid status did not significantly affect the abundance of SRC-1 ...
Conditioned and unconditioned regulation of human activity
... system are in complex cooperation and influence to each other. I.P.Pavlov has established such laws of excitation and braking interaction. Excitation arising in any centre inhibits other centres. Concentration promotes processes of differentiation and an induction. Around of the centre of excitation ...
... system are in complex cooperation and influence to each other. I.P.Pavlov has established such laws of excitation and braking interaction. Excitation arising in any centre inhibits other centres. Concentration promotes processes of differentiation and an induction. Around of the centre of excitation ...
Early Microglial Activation Precedes Neuronal Loss in Mouse Model of Progressive
... EPM1 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the cystatin B gene (CSTB; OMIM no. 601145) encoding an inhibitor of cysteine proteases (6Y8). These proteases include lysosomal cysteine cathepsins, and based on studies on EPM1 patient lymphoblastoid cells, it has been suggested that their increased ...
... EPM1 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the cystatin B gene (CSTB; OMIM no. 601145) encoding an inhibitor of cysteine proteases (6Y8). These proteases include lysosomal cysteine cathepsins, and based on studies on EPM1 patient lymphoblastoid cells, it has been suggested that their increased ...
The speed of learning instructed stimulus
... with basic reaction times. A neural model was proposed that explains the reduction of response times and of their variability with the delay by i) a random synaptic learning process that generates weights of average values increasing with the learning time, followed by ii) random crossing of the fir ...
... with basic reaction times. A neural model was proposed that explains the reduction of response times and of their variability with the delay by i) a random synaptic learning process that generates weights of average values increasing with the learning time, followed by ii) random crossing of the fir ...
Chapter 5: Learning
... LEARNING (7-9%) AP students in psychology should be able to do the following: • Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning (e.g., ...
... LEARNING (7-9%) AP students in psychology should be able to do the following: • Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning (e.g., ...
Page 1 - Rochester Community Schools
... 23. Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of A) secondary reinf ...
... 23. Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of A) secondary reinf ...
Millisecond-Timescale Optical Control of Neural Dynamics in the
... In the monkey cortex, we recorded 50 excited and 20 suppressed units during illumination with 200 ms blue light pulses. Out of these 70 units, 31 were single units (15 excited, 16 suppressed) and 39 were multiunits (35 excited, 4 suppressed). We pooled multiunits and single units for analysis unless ...
... In the monkey cortex, we recorded 50 excited and 20 suppressed units during illumination with 200 ms blue light pulses. Out of these 70 units, 31 were single units (15 excited, 16 suppressed) and 39 were multiunits (35 excited, 4 suppressed). We pooled multiunits and single units for analysis unless ...
11. The front-end visual system - LGN and cortex
... edge, thus effectively reducing the local noise without compromising the edge strength. In a similar fashion we make the receptive field e.g. banana-shaped by modulating its curvature so it follows even better the edge locally, etc. This has opened a large field in mathematics, in the sense that we ...
... edge, thus effectively reducing the local noise without compromising the edge strength. In a similar fashion we make the receptive field e.g. banana-shaped by modulating its curvature so it follows even better the edge locally, etc. This has opened a large field in mathematics, in the sense that we ...
The Nervous System
... do and think. Neuropsychologists, along with neuroscientists from other disciplines, study the brain and the rest of the nervous system in hopes of gaining a better understanding of consciousness, perception, memory, emotion, stress, mental disorders, and even self-identity. At this very moment, you ...
... do and think. Neuropsychologists, along with neuroscientists from other disciplines, study the brain and the rest of the nervous system in hopes of gaining a better understanding of consciousness, perception, memory, emotion, stress, mental disorders, and even self-identity. At this very moment, you ...
Memory - Psychological Associates of South Florida
... learning comes from rats during a maze exploration in which they navigate the maze without an obvious reward. Rats seem to develop cognitive maps, or mental representations, of the layout of the maze ...
... learning comes from rats during a maze exploration in which they navigate the maze without an obvious reward. Rats seem to develop cognitive maps, or mental representations, of the layout of the maze ...