Role of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Interactions in the Pathogenesis
... led us to conclude that centrally mediated prolongation of expiration during early postnatal life is mediated via GABAergic inhibition of respiratory timing mechanisms. A similar phenomenon was observed in piglets exposed to hypercapnia, suggesting that this GABAergic effect on respiratory timing is ...
... led us to conclude that centrally mediated prolongation of expiration during early postnatal life is mediated via GABAergic inhibition of respiratory timing mechanisms. A similar phenomenon was observed in piglets exposed to hypercapnia, suggesting that this GABAergic effect on respiratory timing is ...
Hypoglycemic Kindling of Limbic System Disorder
... intravenous glucose-tolerance test. They had an increased level of circulating plasma insulin, even when the glucose levels remained normal on an excellent hospital diet. These findings indicated that the high-protein and refined sugar- and starch-free diet should be a useful component to the therap ...
... intravenous glucose-tolerance test. They had an increased level of circulating plasma insulin, even when the glucose levels remained normal on an excellent hospital diet. These findings indicated that the high-protein and refined sugar- and starch-free diet should be a useful component to the therap ...
Lectures 8 & 9 - Operant Conditioning
... • Schedule of reinforcement can vary: Rn/t S±R – subject must emit n responses within a particular time frame t. • Verbal Behavior. Behavior that is reinforced by a member of one’s verbal community. • Private events. Discriminative responding to proprioceptive or interoceptive stimuli (stimuli und ...
... • Schedule of reinforcement can vary: Rn/t S±R – subject must emit n responses within a particular time frame t. • Verbal Behavior. Behavior that is reinforced by a member of one’s verbal community. • Private events. Discriminative responding to proprioceptive or interoceptive stimuli (stimuli und ...
Classical Conditioning
... immediately have the subject stand up and hop on one leg for 30 seconds. He will take his pulse rate again, double it and record it as "Hop #1. This procedure will be repeated four more times, and data recorded each time. c) Now the subject will sit and relax until his pulse returns to the initial r ...
... immediately have the subject stand up and hop on one leg for 30 seconds. He will take his pulse rate again, double it and record it as "Hop #1. This procedure will be repeated four more times, and data recorded each time. c) Now the subject will sit and relax until his pulse returns to the initial r ...
Learning Process PPT
... mental representation of the layout of one’s environment Example: after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it ...
... mental representation of the layout of one’s environment Example: after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it ...
Genetic basis of male sexual behavior
... achieving a satisfying understanding of sexual behavior in terms of a four-letter code would appear to be a daunting prospect, but it is likely not an impossible one. In this review we discuss the genes required for male sexual behavior and insights into behavioral mechanisms that have emerged throu ...
... achieving a satisfying understanding of sexual behavior in terms of a four-letter code would appear to be a daunting prospect, but it is likely not an impossible one. In this review we discuss the genes required for male sexual behavior and insights into behavioral mechanisms that have emerged throu ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors
... ganglion cell dendrites. Distinct immunolabeling was also observed over the optic nerve and tract, and denselabeling occurred in all but oneregion innervated by retinal ganglioncellsthe dorsal and ventral lateral geniculatenucleus,nucleusof the optic tract, and olivary nucleusofthe pretectal region, ...
... ganglion cell dendrites. Distinct immunolabeling was also observed over the optic nerve and tract, and denselabeling occurred in all but oneregion innervated by retinal ganglioncellsthe dorsal and ventral lateral geniculatenucleus,nucleusof the optic tract, and olivary nucleusofthe pretectal region, ...
Unit 1 Exam Review - Deerfield High School
... – Next, using progressive relaxation, the therapist would train you to relax one muscle group after another, until you achieve a drowsy state of complete relaxation and comfort. – Therapist pairs each anxiety arousing situation on hierarchy with relaxation, until you can move to a real situation. • ...
... – Next, using progressive relaxation, the therapist would train you to relax one muscle group after another, until you achieve a drowsy state of complete relaxation and comfort. – Therapist pairs each anxiety arousing situation on hierarchy with relaxation, until you can move to a real situation. • ...
Hyperhidrosis Due to Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in a Patient
... OBJECTIVE: We present a unique case of hyperhidrosis as a side effect of VIM (ventrointermedius) deep brain stimulation. BACKGROUND: Essential tremor (ET) is a the most common form of tremor encountered in movement disorder clinics. ET is characterized by postural and action tremor of the upper extr ...
... OBJECTIVE: We present a unique case of hyperhidrosis as a side effect of VIM (ventrointermedius) deep brain stimulation. BACKGROUND: Essential tremor (ET) is a the most common form of tremor encountered in movement disorder clinics. ET is characterized by postural and action tremor of the upper extr ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... schizophrenia perform poorly on cognitive tasks that involve working memory, the ability to transiently maintain information in order to guide a subsequent response (27). For example, individuals with schizophrenia exhibit impairments on oculomotor delayed-response tasks (28), a cognitive paradigm o ...
... schizophrenia perform poorly on cognitive tasks that involve working memory, the ability to transiently maintain information in order to guide a subsequent response (27). For example, individuals with schizophrenia exhibit impairments on oculomotor delayed-response tasks (28), a cognitive paradigm o ...
Conditioning and Learning
... to “vaporize” an attacker. The screen on the right depicts an educational simulation. Here, students place a “probe” at various spots in a human brain. They then “stimulate,” “destroy,” or “restore” areas. As each area is altered, it is named on the screen and the effects on behavior are described. ...
... to “vaporize” an attacker. The screen on the right depicts an educational simulation. Here, students place a “probe” at various spots in a human brain. They then “stimulate,” “destroy,” or “restore” areas. As each area is altered, it is named on the screen and the effects on behavior are described. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... inspired computational model of interactive skill learning Wai-Tat Fu,1∗ Hyunkyu Lee,1 Walter R. Boot2 and Arthur F. Kramer1 This article reviews recent empirical and brain imaging data on effects of cognitive training methods on complex interactive skill learning, and presents a neurally inspired c ...
... inspired computational model of interactive skill learning Wai-Tat Fu,1∗ Hyunkyu Lee,1 Walter R. Boot2 and Arthur F. Kramer1 This article reviews recent empirical and brain imaging data on effects of cognitive training methods on complex interactive skill learning, and presents a neurally inspired c ...
Rationalizing Context-Dependent Preferences: Divisive
... by implementing a normative solution to the decision-making problem faced by constrained neural systems. From an empirical standpoint, there is now growing evidence that the context in which a decision is made has implications for economic behaviour. Of particular relevance to our study, the size of ...
... by implementing a normative solution to the decision-making problem faced by constrained neural systems. From an empirical standpoint, there is now growing evidence that the context in which a decision is made has implications for economic behaviour. Of particular relevance to our study, the size of ...
Electrophysiological recordings from behaving animals—going
... analysis tools that enable extraction of high order interaction between the recorded units (for review see [24] and [25]). Another direction is trying to extrapolate information on intrinsic properties of the units from extracellular waveforms. To this end dual intracellular and extracellular recor ...
... analysis tools that enable extraction of high order interaction between the recorded units (for review see [24] and [25]). Another direction is trying to extrapolate information on intrinsic properties of the units from extracellular waveforms. To this end dual intracellular and extracellular recor ...
Functional and comparative assessments of the octopus learning
... The most challenging question in neuroscience is how nervous systems control complex behaviors. Although it is not easy to quantitatively define levels of behavioral complexity, there is a general consensus on some positive correlation between the level of behavioral complexity and the complexity of ...
... The most challenging question in neuroscience is how nervous systems control complex behaviors. Although it is not easy to quantitatively define levels of behavioral complexity, there is a general consensus on some positive correlation between the level of behavioral complexity and the complexity of ...
11. The Evolution of Language Systems in the Human Brain
... communication system. Although a number of features are shared in common with the communication systems of some species—e.g. vocal-auditory medium, social transmission—its most distinguishing characteristics—symbolic reference, grammar, open-ended generativity, and combinatorial patterning—are unpre ...
... communication system. Although a number of features are shared in common with the communication systems of some species—e.g. vocal-auditory medium, social transmission—its most distinguishing characteristics—symbolic reference, grammar, open-ended generativity, and combinatorial patterning—are unpre ...
Lecture 2: Structure and function of the NS
... Neurons vs. Glial cells Glial cells (astrocytes) could be involved in processing The vast majority of neurons do not divide. Why? Glial cells divide Most brain tumors are gliomas ...
... Neurons vs. Glial cells Glial cells (astrocytes) could be involved in processing The vast majority of neurons do not divide. Why? Glial cells divide Most brain tumors are gliomas ...
History and Schools of Thought in Psychology
... research, which consists of interviewing, testing, and observing one person over a long period of time. Such a system permits the psychologist to observe and record the person’s development and how he or she reacts to different circumstances. 3. Freud and Psycholonalysis Alongside Wundt and James, a ...
... research, which consists of interviewing, testing, and observing one person over a long period of time. Such a system permits the psychologist to observe and record the person’s development and how he or she reacts to different circumstances. 3. Freud and Psycholonalysis Alongside Wundt and James, a ...
Progress Report on Alzheimer`s Disease 1) More than _____ of AD
... 22) Cooke et al. (2009) studied the increased behavioral problems of AD patients with a) depression b) urinary tract infections c) sleep apnea d) stomach ulcers 23) The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory study found that gingko was not effective in reducing the risk of AD. a) True b) False 24) Lopez et al ...
... 22) Cooke et al. (2009) studied the increased behavioral problems of AD patients with a) depression b) urinary tract infections c) sleep apnea d) stomach ulcers 23) The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory study found that gingko was not effective in reducing the risk of AD. a) True b) False 24) Lopez et al ...
REWARD LEARNING: Reinforcement
... frequent and persistent when rewards were given contingent upon it. And it allowed explanation without ever for a moment requiring one to invoke more difficult or complex psychological processes. The explanation was simple. No "expectation" of reward was required. The subject didn't have to expect t ...
... frequent and persistent when rewards were given contingent upon it. And it allowed explanation without ever for a moment requiring one to invoke more difficult or complex psychological processes. The explanation was simple. No "expectation" of reward was required. The subject didn't have to expect t ...
Modelling fast stimulus-response association learning along the
... There appear to be at least two stages in learning SR rules, the first being driven by the instruction and the second driven by actual or possibly mentally simulated practice. The first uses a network of PFC, PM and PPC areas (Ruge and Wolfensteller, 2009; Cole et al, 2010; Brass et al., 2009). The ...
... There appear to be at least two stages in learning SR rules, the first being driven by the instruction and the second driven by actual or possibly mentally simulated practice. The first uses a network of PFC, PM and PPC areas (Ruge and Wolfensteller, 2009; Cole et al, 2010; Brass et al., 2009). The ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... map (Bosking and others, 1997). This map-specific connectivity is thought to underlie a wide variety of surprising phenomena, such as visual surround modulation (reviewed in Angelucci and Bressloff, 2006). It is not known whether there is any functional significance to the specific smoothly varying ...
... map (Bosking and others, 1997). This map-specific connectivity is thought to underlie a wide variety of surprising phenomena, such as visual surround modulation (reviewed in Angelucci and Bressloff, 2006). It is not known whether there is any functional significance to the specific smoothly varying ...
GustOlf9
... Olfactory tubercle – part of basal forebrain projections to and from olfactory bulb – play a role in regulating emotion. Piriform + periamygdaloid cortices – ant temporal lobe (shaped like a pear): olfactory perception as in: - input in internal processing of odors. - projects to frontal neocortical ...
... Olfactory tubercle – part of basal forebrain projections to and from olfactory bulb – play a role in regulating emotion. Piriform + periamygdaloid cortices – ant temporal lobe (shaped like a pear): olfactory perception as in: - input in internal processing of odors. - projects to frontal neocortical ...