May 30, 04copy.doc
... tangentially to the pial surface, and were thaw-mounted onto gelatin subbed microscope slides. For coronal sections the whole brain was frozen in -40˚C isopentane for 5 min, transferred to 80˚C isopentane, and cut and mounted as above. Sections were air dried for 0.5 to 3 h and then stored desiccate ...
... tangentially to the pial surface, and were thaw-mounted onto gelatin subbed microscope slides. For coronal sections the whole brain was frozen in -40˚C isopentane for 5 min, transferred to 80˚C isopentane, and cut and mounted as above. Sections were air dried for 0.5 to 3 h and then stored desiccate ...
Place cells, neocortex and spatial navigation: a short review
... strategy, known as path-integration [32] tends to accumulate errors so that if no re-calibration occurs, the cumulative error becomes so large that any further computation is inaccurate [9,13,29,31]. This is confirmed by the finding that, when the use of external cues is precluded, motion-related (or ...
... strategy, known as path-integration [32] tends to accumulate errors so that if no re-calibration occurs, the cumulative error becomes so large that any further computation is inaccurate [9,13,29,31]. This is confirmed by the finding that, when the use of external cues is precluded, motion-related (or ...
CATEGORIES IN THE PIGEON BRAIN - Ruhr-Universität
... the basic and superordinate level. We adopt a reverse engineering approach to study categorization learning: Instead of training pigeons on predefined categories, we simply present stimuli and analyze neural output in search of categorical clustering on a solely neural level. We presented artificial ...
... the basic and superordinate level. We adopt a reverse engineering approach to study categorization learning: Instead of training pigeons on predefined categories, we simply present stimuli and analyze neural output in search of categorical clustering on a solely neural level. We presented artificial ...
Combinatorial structures and processing in Neural Blackboard
... The assembly or web-like structure of a concept representation entails that concepts representations are ‘in situ’ [4]. That is, wherever a concept is activated it always consists of the activation of the assembly of that concept or a part of it. In this view, it is not possible to make a copy of a ...
... The assembly or web-like structure of a concept representation entails that concepts representations are ‘in situ’ [4]. That is, wherever a concept is activated it always consists of the activation of the assembly of that concept or a part of it. In this view, it is not possible to make a copy of a ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... importance of regional variation in cortical circuitry is still ignored by many. The irony is that, while particular cortical areas such as the primary visual area or the primary somatosensory area have become the focus of intensive research because they are uniquely identifiable, findings on the st ...
... importance of regional variation in cortical circuitry is still ignored by many. The irony is that, while particular cortical areas such as the primary visual area or the primary somatosensory area have become the focus of intensive research because they are uniquely identifiable, findings on the st ...
Distinct or Gradually Changing Spatial and Nonspatial
... Royer et al. (2010) in the rat ventral hippocampus. The existence of place cells without continuous theta oscillation argues against the interpretation that continuous theta oscillation is an obligatory requirement for place cell spatial tuning. Third, Royer et al. (2010) suggested that nonspatial f ...
... Royer et al. (2010) in the rat ventral hippocampus. The existence of place cells without continuous theta oscillation argues against the interpretation that continuous theta oscillation is an obligatory requirement for place cell spatial tuning. Third, Royer et al. (2010) suggested that nonspatial f ...
Mental Processes -- How the Mind Arises from the Brain Roger Ellman
... ability in non-humans is apparently more limited. Nevertheless, for example, a dog can recognize another dog as a dog even though the dog recognized was never before seen and is of a significantly different breed or appearance. Recognition of universals is not always accurate even though the recogni ...
... ability in non-humans is apparently more limited. Nevertheless, for example, a dog can recognize another dog as a dog even though the dog recognized was never before seen and is of a significantly different breed or appearance. Recognition of universals is not always accurate even though the recogni ...
The Dynamics of Functional Brain Networks
... Higher brain function relies upon the ability to flexibly integrate information across specialized communities of brain regions; however, it is unclear how this mechanism manifests over time. In this study, we used time-resolved network analysis of fMRI data to demonstrate that the human brain trave ...
... Higher brain function relies upon the ability to flexibly integrate information across specialized communities of brain regions; however, it is unclear how this mechanism manifests over time. In this study, we used time-resolved network analysis of fMRI data to demonstrate that the human brain trave ...
Chapter 6 Learning - Home | W. W. Norton & Company
... explained all behavior • In reality, reinforcement explains only a certain amount of human behavior ...
... explained all behavior • In reality, reinforcement explains only a certain amount of human behavior ...
Cross-Modal Transfer of Information between the Tactile
... found in the left postcentral gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, and right cerebellum. Finally, fields active in both TV–VV and TV–TT were considered as those involved in cross-modal transfer of information. One field was found, situated in the right insula–claustrum. This region has been shown t ...
... found in the left postcentral gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, and right cerebellum. Finally, fields active in both TV–VV and TV–TT were considered as those involved in cross-modal transfer of information. One field was found, situated in the right insula–claustrum. This region has been shown t ...
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on
... that this cognitive function depends critically on integration of neural activity in several widely distributed brain regions2,3. For instance, to answer whether we want chicken or pasta, we must process the incoming sensory signals (for example, in terms of colour, shape, size, frequency and so on) ...
... that this cognitive function depends critically on integration of neural activity in several widely distributed brain regions2,3. For instance, to answer whether we want chicken or pasta, we must process the incoming sensory signals (for example, in terms of colour, shape, size, frequency and so on) ...
category 1
... and look for tissue damage or disease. EEG records electrical activity along the scalp to map brain communication. PET imaging test w/ a radioactive substance to look for disease or injury in the brain. fMRI (functional MRI) detecting the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response ...
... and look for tissue damage or disease. EEG records electrical activity along the scalp to map brain communication. PET imaging test w/ a radioactive substance to look for disease or injury in the brain. fMRI (functional MRI) detecting the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response ...
A Neuron Play - Web Adventures
... cell body and on to other places. Suddenly, the signal reached a synapse (have first neurotransmitter person come up). This was it. There was a gap and the electrical signal could not go across it. All of a sudden though, some chemicals, neurotransmitters, went across the gap and on to the dendrites ...
... cell body and on to other places. Suddenly, the signal reached a synapse (have first neurotransmitter person come up). This was it. There was a gap and the electrical signal could not go across it. All of a sudden though, some chemicals, neurotransmitters, went across the gap and on to the dendrites ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... (approx. 20 Hz). It has been suggested that these response patterns could relate to different behavioral contexts. Here, dopamine neurons respond to rewards that are probabilistically predicted by visual cues (based on [95]). A phasic dopamine response is elicited when an animal receives an unexpect ...
... (approx. 20 Hz). It has been suggested that these response patterns could relate to different behavioral contexts. Here, dopamine neurons respond to rewards that are probabilistically predicted by visual cues (based on [95]). A phasic dopamine response is elicited when an animal receives an unexpect ...
nato cc
... differences and clinical applications, edited by E. Zaidel, M. Iacoboni, and A. P. Pacual-Leone, New York:Plenum Press, 1998 ...
... differences and clinical applications, edited by E. Zaidel, M. Iacoboni, and A. P. Pacual-Leone, New York:Plenum Press, 1998 ...
Forelimb use after focal cerebral ischemia in rats treated with an a2
... probe (Harvard Homeothermic Blanket Control Unit, 507061). After 120 min of MCA occlusion, the filament was removed and the external carotid artery was permanently closed by electrocoagulation. In the present study, blood pressure or blood gases were not measured, because cannulation of a femoral ar ...
... probe (Harvard Homeothermic Blanket Control Unit, 507061). After 120 min of MCA occlusion, the filament was removed and the external carotid artery was permanently closed by electrocoagulation. In the present study, blood pressure or blood gases were not measured, because cannulation of a femoral ar ...
Cortical mechanisms of sensory learning and object recognition
... their tuning functions. (e) Selective sharpening and recruitment restricted to the critical parameters is sometimes seen. For example, sharpening of tuning can be seen around trained orientations. In contrast to increased sensitivity to small differences, categorization effects are often seen as an ...
... their tuning functions. (e) Selective sharpening and recruitment restricted to the critical parameters is sometimes seen. For example, sharpening of tuning can be seen around trained orientations. In contrast to increased sensitivity to small differences, categorization effects are often seen as an ...
EXTINCTION LEARNING - Ruhr
... Associative Pavlovian fear conditioning and fear extinction are widely used paradigms to gain insights into substrates and mechanisms supporting learning and memory processes. They are powerful models because of striking parallels between rodents and humans and their high relevance for unraveling ne ...
... Associative Pavlovian fear conditioning and fear extinction are widely used paradigms to gain insights into substrates and mechanisms supporting learning and memory processes. They are powerful models because of striking parallels between rodents and humans and their high relevance for unraveling ne ...
Observational Learning – (Technical definition) Learning
... provide a basic understanding of commonly used training terms. Where possible, the technical definition (developed by the scientific community with the goal of precise communication) is listed. Some commonly-used terms do not have a technical definition. Others are commonly used in ways that diverge ...
... provide a basic understanding of commonly used training terms. Where possible, the technical definition (developed by the scientific community with the goal of precise communication) is listed. Some commonly-used terms do not have a technical definition. Others are commonly used in ways that diverge ...
Learning Defined – relatively permanent change in an behavior due
... Schedule 1. Associative learning – classical conditioning – operant conditiong ...
... Schedule 1. Associative learning – classical conditioning – operant conditiong ...
The Neurology of Music for Post-Traumatic-Stress
... Cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a shortterm treatment approach that can be done in individual or group therapy, and can last up to twenty sessions (Barlow & Durand, 2009; Truven Health Analytics Incorporated, 2014). During CBT, a client identifies negative thought ...
... Cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a shortterm treatment approach that can be done in individual or group therapy, and can last up to twenty sessions (Barlow & Durand, 2009; Truven Health Analytics Incorporated, 2014). During CBT, a client identifies negative thought ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... numerous cortical and subcortical regions. PFC dysfunction has been linked to many disorders that involve deficits in cognitive performance, attention, motivation, and/or impulse control. A common theme among these disorders is that neuromodulation of the PFC is disrupted. Anatomically, the PFC is r ...
... numerous cortical and subcortical regions. PFC dysfunction has been linked to many disorders that involve deficits in cognitive performance, attention, motivation, and/or impulse control. A common theme among these disorders is that neuromodulation of the PFC is disrupted. Anatomically, the PFC is r ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... many bilaterally, and they also showed no consistent transient or sustained relationship with the ready signal. EMG activity was synchronized with movement; the earliest muscles were activated 20 to 80 msec before movement onset. The onset times of selected muscles in the first monkey are indicated ...
... many bilaterally, and they also showed no consistent transient or sustained relationship with the ready signal. EMG activity was synchronized with movement; the earliest muscles were activated 20 to 80 msec before movement onset. The onset times of selected muscles in the first monkey are indicated ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...