The Red Nucleus: Past, Present, and Future
... the rubrospinal pathway appears to be ceding to the corticospinal tract as the primary motor pathway in bipeds – perhaps at least partially explaining the size decrease in RNm. In consideration of the RNp, Donkelaar [1] correlated levels of connectivity of the RN in terrestrial vertebrates to develo ...
... the rubrospinal pathway appears to be ceding to the corticospinal tract as the primary motor pathway in bipeds – perhaps at least partially explaining the size decrease in RNm. In consideration of the RNp, Donkelaar [1] correlated levels of connectivity of the RN in terrestrial vertebrates to develo ...
Neuromodulation of Aerobic Exercise—A Review
... Running, and aerobic exercise in general, is a physical activity that increasingly many people engage in but that also has become popular as a topic for scientific research. Here we review the available studies investigating whether and to which degree aerobic exercise modulates hormones, amino acid ...
... Running, and aerobic exercise in general, is a physical activity that increasingly many people engage in but that also has become popular as a topic for scientific research. Here we review the available studies investigating whether and to which degree aerobic exercise modulates hormones, amino acid ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... In order to know whether correlation and uncorrelation had the same significance for both areas, we used uncorrelated RDS as stimulus. Figure 6 shows the responses to uncorrelated RDS in the fusiform and pericalcarine areas. It can be observed that whereas in the pericalcarine area there is a clear r ...
... In order to know whether correlation and uncorrelation had the same significance for both areas, we used uncorrelated RDS as stimulus. Figure 6 shows the responses to uncorrelated RDS in the fusiform and pericalcarine areas. It can be observed that whereas in the pericalcarine area there is a clear r ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
... clinical observation. Researchers are currently working on mapping the neural pathways for future use in medical purposes. If the human brain were successfully mapped, many side effects of current treatments could be avoided. Since there are both ethical and practical difficulties with examining the ...
... clinical observation. Researchers are currently working on mapping the neural pathways for future use in medical purposes. If the human brain were successfully mapped, many side effects of current treatments could be avoided. Since there are both ethical and practical difficulties with examining the ...
chapter one
... to resemble the neuron with multiple inputs and a single output. However, this similarity does not really begin to model the complex electrochemical processes that actually go on inside a neuron. The perceptron is a very simple mathematical representation of the neuron. ...
... to resemble the neuron with multiple inputs and a single output. However, this similarity does not really begin to model the complex electrochemical processes that actually go on inside a neuron. The perceptron is a very simple mathematical representation of the neuron. ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Lesions of the Basolateral Amygdala Disrupt Selective Aspects of
... resulted in the presentation of this CS than on a control lever. ...
... resulted in the presentation of this CS than on a control lever. ...
Suzuki and Eichenbaum, 2000
... FIGURE 1. Projections from other unimodal and polymodal sensory areas to the parahippocampal cortex in monkeys and the postrhinal cortex in rats are roughly similar. The perirhinal and parahippocampal/postrhinal cortices then provide the major input to the next “rung” of the hierarchy, the entorhina ...
... FIGURE 1. Projections from other unimodal and polymodal sensory areas to the parahippocampal cortex in monkeys and the postrhinal cortex in rats are roughly similar. The perirhinal and parahippocampal/postrhinal cortices then provide the major input to the next “rung” of the hierarchy, the entorhina ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... carry out computationalist research programs offer computational explanations of cognitive tasks. Such explanations are usually formulated in terms of computations over representations, presupposing some account of how the representations get their representational content. In some cases, such expla ...
... carry out computationalist research programs offer computational explanations of cognitive tasks. Such explanations are usually formulated in terms of computations over representations, presupposing some account of how the representations get their representational content. In some cases, such expla ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
Information processing in a neuron ensemble with the multiplicative
... saturates to a constant even when r tends to infinity. Because of IC1 ; the Fisher information will always increase with the neuronal density r in the case of multiplicative correlation, as was found by (Eurich & Wilke, 2000). The present calculation confirms their result. Another interesting findin ...
... saturates to a constant even when r tends to infinity. Because of IC1 ; the Fisher information will always increase with the neuronal density r in the case of multiplicative correlation, as was found by (Eurich & Wilke, 2000). The present calculation confirms their result. Another interesting findin ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... Our perception relies on the interaction between proximal and distant points in visual space, requiring short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-surround RF can only accommodate short-range inte ...
... Our perception relies on the interaction between proximal and distant points in visual space, requiring short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-surround RF can only accommodate short-range inte ...
Artificial neural networks and their application in biological and
... foreseen. In an analysis of this kind, one should use as input as much data as possible as a function of different factors. In this case, ANNs are capable of rejecting unnecessary ones and of selecting those most important to achieve sound results (Gago et al. 2010). Learning performed by a network ...
... foreseen. In an analysis of this kind, one should use as input as much data as possible as a function of different factors. In this case, ANNs are capable of rejecting unnecessary ones and of selecting those most important to achieve sound results (Gago et al. 2010). Learning performed by a network ...
Use A for True, B for False
... comparisons of place-learning and response-learning in the rat place-learning is superior to response-learning response-learning is superior to place-learning what is learned depends on stimuli available outside the maze double-alternation is more likely than single-alternation ...
... comparisons of place-learning and response-learning in the rat place-learning is superior to response-learning response-learning is superior to place-learning what is learned depends on stimuli available outside the maze double-alternation is more likely than single-alternation ...
Hello. I`m Michael Farries, a graduate student of David Perkel. I have
... hodology. These extended amygdala structures have projections related to their visceral and limbic functions, while at least large chunks of PA and LPO are more sensorimotor. Second, there are lots of similarities between mammalian dorsal striatum/pallidum and avian PA-LPO/PP that make the case for ...
... hodology. These extended amygdala structures have projections related to their visceral and limbic functions, while at least large chunks of PA and LPO are more sensorimotor. Second, there are lots of similarities between mammalian dorsal striatum/pallidum and avian PA-LPO/PP that make the case for ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... of the previous studies were not designed to differentiate between these possibilities, since the task-related events were, typically, behaviorally significant in that they were followed by reward. Although some recent studies have provided an experimental condition in which different events (stimul ...
... of the previous studies were not designed to differentiate between these possibilities, since the task-related events were, typically, behaviorally significant in that they were followed by reward. Although some recent studies have provided an experimental condition in which different events (stimul ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral
... cerebral cortex. For cortical cartographers interested in vision, a fundamental set of objectives is to identify in key species of interest the overall extent of visual cortex, the total number of visual areas, the identities of these areas, and their location in relation to one another and to vario ...
... cerebral cortex. For cortical cartographers interested in vision, a fundamental set of objectives is to identify in key species of interest the overall extent of visual cortex, the total number of visual areas, the identities of these areas, and their location in relation to one another and to vario ...
The fish: What potential for awareness?
... the emotional aversiveness of pain and an awareness of body integrity respectively and are recognised to be involved in the conscious awareness of the noxious stimuli. Some, however, such as those to the somatosensory cortex, are not explicitly linked with conscious awareness. Ascending nocicepti ...
... the emotional aversiveness of pain and an awareness of body integrity respectively and are recognised to be involved in the conscious awareness of the noxious stimuli. Some, however, such as those to the somatosensory cortex, are not explicitly linked with conscious awareness. Ascending nocicepti ...
Effect of pH on Metabolism and Ultrastructure of Guinea Pig
... incubated under conditions considered optimal for biochemical studies. The ultrastructure does not illustrate ideally fixed normal tissue, but is employed as a baseline for alterations resulting from experimental incubation. At the end of 30 minutes of incubation at pH 7.4, the fine structure is wel ...
... incubated under conditions considered optimal for biochemical studies. The ultrastructure does not illustrate ideally fixed normal tissue, but is employed as a baseline for alterations resulting from experimental incubation. At the end of 30 minutes of incubation at pH 7.4, the fine structure is wel ...
Full version (PDF file)
... and primates. The density of CR+ neurons decreases with increasing depth in neocortex and therefore they are quite rare in infragranular layers, when compared to the supragranular ones. The CR+ neurons most commonly possess bipolar or bitufted (two tufts of dendrites originating from the opposite ce ...
... and primates. The density of CR+ neurons decreases with increasing depth in neocortex and therefore they are quite rare in infragranular layers, when compared to the supragranular ones. The CR+ neurons most commonly possess bipolar or bitufted (two tufts of dendrites originating from the opposite ce ...
Behaviorism ppt
... Behaviorists believe that learning takes place as the result of a response that follows on a specific stimulus. By repeating the S-R cycle the organism (may it be an animal or human) is conditioned into repeating the response whenever the same stimulus is present. Behavior can be modified and learn ...
... Behaviorists believe that learning takes place as the result of a response that follows on a specific stimulus. By repeating the S-R cycle the organism (may it be an animal or human) is conditioned into repeating the response whenever the same stimulus is present. Behavior can be modified and learn ...
Learning Process PPT
... mental representation of the layout of one’s environment Example: after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it ...
... mental representation of the layout of one’s environment Example: after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it ...