Signal Integration in Thalamus: Labeled Lines Go
... This metaphor was originally used by Edward Lorenz in the context of non-linear models of weather prediction. It was meant not only to illustrate how seemingly small perturbations in inital conditions can lead to largely different results but also, and importantly, to point out that some chains of e ...
... This metaphor was originally used by Edward Lorenz in the context of non-linear models of weather prediction. It was meant not only to illustrate how seemingly small perturbations in inital conditions can lead to largely different results but also, and importantly, to point out that some chains of e ...
Neurobiology of ADHD Gail Tripp , Review
... candidates discussed here in Fig. 1. At the top level shown in the figure are symptom lists and criteria for diagnosis. These do not identify etiology, pathophysiology, or the neural systems involved. However, they have been the basis of defining study populations for research into ADHD mechanisms. At ...
... candidates discussed here in Fig. 1. At the top level shown in the figure are symptom lists and criteria for diagnosis. These do not identify etiology, pathophysiology, or the neural systems involved. However, they have been the basis of defining study populations for research into ADHD mechanisms. At ...
Heterogeneity of GABAergic Cells in Cat Visual Cortex
... and for grayish-blue reaction products, 4-Cl-naphthol, are used. The elution process is the most critical step of the staining procedure. This elution has to be complete, selective, and mav not elute or denature the antigen to be localized in the subsequent-staining sequence. Completeness of the elu ...
... and for grayish-blue reaction products, 4-Cl-naphthol, are used. The elution process is the most critical step of the staining procedure. This elution has to be complete, selective, and mav not elute or denature the antigen to be localized in the subsequent-staining sequence. Completeness of the elu ...
Learning Through Imitation: a Biological Approach to Robotics
... A consistent number of studies has demonstrated that animals are also able to engage in various types of social behavior that involve some form of cooperation and coordination among individuals [6]–[9]. The existence of true imitative behavior in the animal kingdom is still in debate [10]–[12], howe ...
... A consistent number of studies has demonstrated that animals are also able to engage in various types of social behavior that involve some form of cooperation and coordination among individuals [6]–[9]. The existence of true imitative behavior in the animal kingdom is still in debate [10]–[12], howe ...
Neural Coding 2016
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
Cortical Motor Organization, Mirror Neurons, and
... ventral premotor cortex (Di Pellegrino et al. 1992; Gallese et al. 1996; Ferrari et al. 2003) and then in area PFG in the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule (Gallese et al. 2002; Fogassi et al. 2005; Rozzi et al. 2008). Since the properties of mirror neurons of F5 and PFG are similar, we w ...
... ventral premotor cortex (Di Pellegrino et al. 1992; Gallese et al. 1996; Ferrari et al. 2003) and then in area PFG in the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule (Gallese et al. 2002; Fogassi et al. 2005; Rozzi et al. 2008). Since the properties of mirror neurons of F5 and PFG are similar, we w ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... Fig. 1. Schematic sagittal sections summarizing the main projection sites of the IL (A) and PL (B). Note that IL projections are much more widespread than PL projections, particularly to the basal forebrain, amygdala and hypothalamus. Sections are modified from the rat atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1 ...
... Fig. 1. Schematic sagittal sections summarizing the main projection sites of the IL (A) and PL (B). Note that IL projections are much more widespread than PL projections, particularly to the basal forebrain, amygdala and hypothalamus. Sections are modified from the rat atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1 ...
Unit 5
... occurred because the conditioned stimulus became a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus by being paired closely together. Cognitive perspective - modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen to occur because the conditioned stimulus provides information or an expectancy about the com ...
... occurred because the conditioned stimulus became a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus by being paired closely together. Cognitive perspective - modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen to occur because the conditioned stimulus provides information or an expectancy about the com ...
Classical conditioning
... common example is when dogs smell food that causes them to salivate. When a bell is rung at every meal, the dogs will begin to salivate in response to the bell, even when food is not present. Classical conditioning can play different roles in the classroom. Teachers looking to use behavioral techniq ...
... common example is when dogs smell food that causes them to salivate. When a bell is rung at every meal, the dogs will begin to salivate in response to the bell, even when food is not present. Classical conditioning can play different roles in the classroom. Teachers looking to use behavioral techniq ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... Each of the five secondary vesicles then develops rapidly to produce the major structures of the adult brain (Figure 12.2d). The greatest change occurs in the telencephalon, which sprouts two lateral swellings that look like Mickey Mouse’s ears. These become the two cerebral hemispheres, referred to ...
... Each of the five secondary vesicles then develops rapidly to produce the major structures of the adult brain (Figure 12.2d). The greatest change occurs in the telencephalon, which sprouts two lateral swellings that look like Mickey Mouse’s ears. These become the two cerebral hemispheres, referred to ...
Short-Lasting Classical Conditioning Induces
... Row B Representation 1 Day after CS + UCS Pairing The effects of training upon row B representation were assessed by comparing the labeling evoked by stimulation of the "trained" row B of whiskers and the control row B, unstimulated during the behavioral training, on the other side of the snout. We ...
... Row B Representation 1 Day after CS + UCS Pairing The effects of training upon row B representation were assessed by comparing the labeling evoked by stimulation of the "trained" row B of whiskers and the control row B, unstimulated during the behavioral training, on the other side of the snout. We ...
Chronic Administration of Statins Alters Multiple Gene Expression
... acid transporter-2, and this transporter family has been recently shown to transport the acid form of lovastatin into glomerular mesangial cells (Nagasawa et al., 2002). Of the 15 genes whose expression was changed by each of the three statins, only Fin15 listed under cell growth showed a decrease i ...
... acid transporter-2, and this transporter family has been recently shown to transport the acid form of lovastatin into glomerular mesangial cells (Nagasawa et al., 2002). Of the 15 genes whose expression was changed by each of the three statins, only Fin15 listed under cell growth showed a decrease i ...
Extrastriatal and striatal D 2 dopamine receptor blockade with
... For each subject, the first PET image series was co-registrated on the magnetic resonance image (MRI) using the first transmission scan (Mangin et al, al, 1994). Because the radioactivity concentrated mainly in the striatum in the late image series, the cortical structures could not be used for regi ...
... For each subject, the first PET image series was co-registrated on the magnetic resonance image (MRI) using the first transmission scan (Mangin et al, al, 1994). Because the radioactivity concentrated mainly in the striatum in the late image series, the cortical structures could not be used for regi ...
The Behavior of Organisms?
... reference to organisms within behavior analysis will be outlined. In the final section, a behavioral model of genetic inheritance will be introduced, freeing the behavior analyst to embrace the impact of evolutionary history on current behavior, without appeal to foreign concepts (e.g., genes, organ ...
... reference to organisms within behavior analysis will be outlined. In the final section, a behavioral model of genetic inheritance will be introduced, freeing the behavior analyst to embrace the impact of evolutionary history on current behavior, without appeal to foreign concepts (e.g., genes, organ ...
Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... tory spatial localization rests on the basic premise that cutaneous receptive fields on the posterior scalp and neck could aid in localizing nearby stimuli that produce air puffs and noises. The cutaneous representation that would predict object recognition functions is biased towards the glabrous s ...
... tory spatial localization rests on the basic premise that cutaneous receptive fields on the posterior scalp and neck could aid in localizing nearby stimuli that produce air puffs and noises. The cutaneous representation that would predict object recognition functions is biased towards the glabrous s ...
Pathways for emotions and memory prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey
... area OPro to the AM were studied in three cases. Significant connections with the anterior nuclei were seen in only one case (case AF), consistent with the restricted projections from AM to area OPro described previously (Dermon and Barbas, 1994). In case AF, anterograde label in AM was seen at the ...
... area OPro to the AM were studied in three cases. Significant connections with the anterior nuclei were seen in only one case (case AF), consistent with the restricted projections from AM to area OPro described previously (Dermon and Barbas, 1994). In case AF, anterograde label in AM was seen at the ...
File - R. Anthony James` Electronic Portfolio
... example of a teacher that wants to increase students’ averages on daily quizzes. In this case it might be beneficial for the teacher to consider granting an exemption on Fridays for students that average 85% on quizzes Monday through Thursday. With this example, adequately preparing for daily quizze ...
... example of a teacher that wants to increase students’ averages on daily quizzes. In this case it might be beneficial for the teacher to consider granting an exemption on Fridays for students that average 85% on quizzes Monday through Thursday. With this example, adequately preparing for daily quizze ...
Evidence of a Specific Spinal Pathway for the Sense of Warmth in
... 15 healthy subjects, we studied the cerebral evoked responses and reaction times in response to laser stimuli selectively exciting A␦ nociceptors or C warmth receptors at different levels along the spine. To minimize the conduction distance along the primary sensory neuron, we directed CO2-laser pul ...
... 15 healthy subjects, we studied the cerebral evoked responses and reaction times in response to laser stimuli selectively exciting A␦ nociceptors or C warmth receptors at different levels along the spine. To minimize the conduction distance along the primary sensory neuron, we directed CO2-laser pul ...
alzheimer-like changes of protein kinase b and glycogen synthase
... Various experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease have been introduced today, and actually no single model has been found to be truly representative of the sporadic type of Alzheimer's disease, unrelated to the genetic manipulations or inheritance. Therefore, considering the fact that Alzheimer’s d ...
... Various experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease have been introduced today, and actually no single model has been found to be truly representative of the sporadic type of Alzheimer's disease, unrelated to the genetic manipulations or inheritance. Therefore, considering the fact that Alzheimer’s d ...
INTRAANALYZER CONDITIONED REFLEX PROPERTIES OF TWO
... of the electrocutaneous reinforcement did not occur on three successive presentations of the auditory signal. Neuronal pairs without any dependent relations, in this case, were entirely absent. The number of neuronal pairs with one-way connections remained practically unchanged. If we take the func ...
... of the electrocutaneous reinforcement did not occur on three successive presentations of the auditory signal. Neuronal pairs without any dependent relations, in this case, were entirely absent. The number of neuronal pairs with one-way connections remained practically unchanged. If we take the func ...
Ethological Aspects of Stress in a Model Lizard, Anolis carolinensis1
... bituate to discreet human observers, at least in so far as they express a full spectrum of spontaneous activity and maintain a bright green body color. In most research settings, observers sit in the dark watching an illuminated vivarium, peer through gauzy curtains, or observe by means of remote vi ...
... bituate to discreet human observers, at least in so far as they express a full spectrum of spontaneous activity and maintain a bright green body color. In most research settings, observers sit in the dark watching an illuminated vivarium, peer through gauzy curtains, or observe by means of remote vi ...
Evidence of a Specific Spinal Pathway for the
... 15 healthy subjects, we studied the cerebral evoked responses and reaction times in response to laser stimuli selectively exciting A␦ nociceptors or C warmth receptors at different levels along the spine. To minimize the conduction distance along the primary sensory neuron, we directed CO2-laser pul ...
... 15 healthy subjects, we studied the cerebral evoked responses and reaction times in response to laser stimuli selectively exciting A␦ nociceptors or C warmth receptors at different levels along the spine. To minimize the conduction distance along the primary sensory neuron, we directed CO2-laser pul ...
Nonmonotonic inferences in neural networks
... This representation of variables instantiation avoids the combinatorial explosion of the tensor product representation of variable binding suggested by Smolensky (1991) but is weaker in power since it limits the possible embeddings of schemata. For example a schema cannot be recursively embedded int ...
... This representation of variables instantiation avoids the combinatorial explosion of the tensor product representation of variable binding suggested by Smolensky (1991) but is weaker in power since it limits the possible embeddings of schemata. For example a schema cannot be recursively embedded int ...
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
... learned, whereas PTC implies that the stimulus is acquiring a new meaning. PTC is a widely used paradigm for studying the brain because of its simplicity, robustness, and repeatability (Fig. 1). In most studies, the CS of choice is an auditory tone and the US is a mild footshock. Learning can occur ...
... learned, whereas PTC implies that the stimulus is acquiring a new meaning. PTC is a widely used paradigm for studying the brain because of its simplicity, robustness, and repeatability (Fig. 1). In most studies, the CS of choice is an auditory tone and the US is a mild footshock. Learning can occur ...