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Bite Me!
Bite Me!

... and a muscle cell • Neurotransmitters from the axon send signals to the muscle • Synapses can form between two neurons, or between a neuron and another type of cell ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... Chemical that is released into the synaptic cleft from axon terminal of a sending neuron, crosses a synapse, and binds to appropriate receptor sites on dendrites or cell body Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across synaptic cleft where they can bind with receptor sites on postsynaptic end to influ ...
Nerves, Hormones and Homeostasis
Nerves, Hormones and Homeostasis

... 5. The receptors are transmitter-gated ion channels which open when the neurotransmitter binds. Sodium and other positively charged ions diffuse into the post-synaptic membrane. 6. Depolarization passes on down the post-synaptic neuron as an action potential. 7. Neurotransmitter in the synaptic clef ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... • Sensory receptors are structures specialized to respond to stimuli, activation results in – Ion channels or second messengers that initiate membrane potential change is sensory receptors – Depolarizations trigger impulses to the CNS • The realization of these stimuli, sensation and perception, occ ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... contractions (voluntary) and involuntary skeletal contractions like those seen in reflexes (automatic response – put hand on hot stove, remove it quickly) (2) Autonomic Nervous System – provides automatic regulation of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands (involuntary) ...
Nervous System I
Nervous System I

... into two branches and functions as an axon.(cell body in ganglion outside the brain or spinal cord)  Multipolar- Cell body with many processes, one of which is an axon, the rest dendrites.( Most common type of neuron in the brain and spinal cord) ...
Rabbit anti-Sigma-1 Receptor Rabbit anti-Sigma
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... The sigma (σ) receptor (sigma-1R, Oprs1 protein, opioid receptor sigma 1) and its agonists are implicated in a variety of cellular functions, biological processes and diseases, including cancer biology, psychosis, regulation of neurotransmitter function, motor, endocrine and immune systems.1 Two sig ...
ANPS 019 Beneyto-Santonja 11-30
ANPS 019 Beneyto-Santonja 11-30

... Gustation and Olfaction (Taste and Smell) How are smell and taste clinically important?  Taste intimately linked to sense of smell  The number of taste buds begins declining rapidly by age 50  Sense of smell declines with ageing  Elderly aren’t motivated to eat because food has little taste  Pa ...
Chapter 12 The Nervous System
Chapter 12 The Nervous System

... • The nervous system is responsible for receiving information from internal and external stimuli and then respond quickly to that information. ...
Chapter 32 The Nervous System, Cells of the Nervous System
Chapter 32 The Nervous System, Cells of the Nervous System

... channels that allow K or Cl passage, increase negative potential — hyperpolarize D Negative voltage inhibits formation of action potential D GABA酒精 most common inhibitory neurotransmitter ...
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5-2_NeurotransmRelease_BenseM

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Nervous SYS II

... • Some sensory receptors are specialized neurons while others are specialized cells that regulate neurons • Sensory neurons produce action potentials and their axons extend into the CNS ...
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Neuroscience - HuskiesScience

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CHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
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... As mentioned above, the sensation of pain is caused by activation of very small diameter nerve endings. When tissue is damaged, chemical substances are released that stimulate these fibers. Many different chemical substances (e.g., aspirin) have an analgesic (pain-killing) effect. Different analgesi ...
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... 5. It is not blocked by local anesthetics. Local anesthetics prevent the development of the action potential at the first node of Ranvier but do not prevent the development of the generator potential. When the generator potential exceeds the threshold value, the frequency of discharge of impulses in ...
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

... The nor-adrenergic division discharge as a unit in emergency situation. The effects of this discharge are of considerable value in preparing the individual to cope with the emergency, although it is important to avoid the teleological fallacy in the statement that is the system discharge in order to ...
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter - CM
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter - CM

... an interface between the endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems. 6. Effects on other cells: the sympathetic nervous system influences many other target cells all with the mission of maintaining homeostasis during increased physical or emotional stress. Module 14.3 The Parasympathetic Nervous Syst ...
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The Autonomic Nervous System

... “ …the word autonomic suggest a much greater degree of independence of the central nervous system than in fact exists” •  Indeed, it was soon realised that ANS is under the control of centers in the brain 1.  A variety of brainstem structures/nuclei are involved in visceral control. - Nucles Tractus ...
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Nervous System

... • An electrical signal travels via the axon to the next neuron. – At the end of the axon, the signal causes the release of neurotransmitters that jump the space between cells called the synapse ...
CHAPTER 21 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM and SENSES
CHAPTER 21 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM and SENSES

... The Tactile Corpuscles of Meissner are grouped on the skin of the fingertips, lips, and orifices of the body and the nipples. Only stimulated when touched, meissner corpuscles tells the brain the shape and feel of an object in the hand. They adjust constantly to the environment, which is why the br ...
Frontiers in , Ph.D. Pharmacology Proudly Presents
Frontiers in , Ph.D. Pharmacology Proudly Presents

... the tight regulation of ion channel localization can be seen at the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier. The axon initial segment is important for initiation of action potentials, while nodes of Ranvier are important for rapid, faithful, and efficient propagation of action potentials. These tw ...
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Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
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