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The Nervous System - leavingcertbiology.net
The Nervous System - leavingcertbiology.net

... • When the electrical impulse enters the axon terminal from the axon it stimulates many of the vesicles to move towards and fuse with the cell membrane • The neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the post-synaptic cell causing ions to rush in thereby setting ...
Slideshow
Slideshow

... can be the beginning of “thought” or the start of an action potential. • An AP sweeps down an axon to the junction of another neuron or muscle; this “sweeping” down is called a nerve ...
Chapter 13 - Nervous Tissue
Chapter 13 - Nervous Tissue

... Conductivity: respond to stimuli by initiating electrical signals that travel quickly to other cells at distant locations. ...
CHAPTER 11 Nervous Tissue - Austin Community College
CHAPTER 11 Nervous Tissue - Austin Community College

... perform an integrative function “decision making” to respond to the different stimuli. ...
Abstract and bio notes ()
Abstract and bio notes ()

... modifications induced by drugs of abuse. In rodents, drugs of abuse induce locomotor hyperactivity, and repeating injections enhances this response. This effect, called behavioral sensitization, persists many months after the last administration, thus mimicking long-term sensitivity to drugs observe ...
Neuron Function 2
Neuron Function 2

... removed from the cytoplasm of the synaptic knob. 7. The depolarization ends as ACh is broken down into acetate and choline by ACh esterase. 8. The synaptic knob reabsorbs choline from the synaptic cleft and uses it to re-synthesize ACh. ...
Document
Document

... novo expression in enteric sensory neurons and in the newly recruited mucosal mast cells (MMCs). Significant changes with respect to the ileum-innervating spinal afferents were only observed for MrgA4, MrgE and MrgF during intestinal inflammation. The obtained results in mice provide clear evidence ...
Chapter 7: Structure of Nervous System
Chapter 7: Structure of Nervous System

...  Temporal summation occurs because EPSPs that occur closely in time can sum before they fade Synaptic Plasticity  Repeated use of a synapse can increase or decrease its ease of transmission  = synaptic facilitation or synaptic depression  High frequency stimulation often causes enhanced excitabi ...
Depressants. - Littleton High School
Depressants. - Littleton High School

... • Some alcohol is synthesized in stomach, however, if enough is consumed it is: • Absorbed through gastrointestinal tract, however, must be oxidized (cannot be stored) • That happens in the liver • Converted to acetaldehyde, to acetic acid, to CO2 and water • Produces an excess amount of NADH • Ulti ...
Document
Document

... palpitations – similar to effects seen upon Ach administration • MSG can be converted into ACh via the Citric acid cycle • ACh in the CNS is involved in memory, arousal and reward – excitatory NT ...
The Nervous System - Riverside Preparatory High School
The Nervous System - Riverside Preparatory High School

... 1. One neuron transmits a nerve impulse at 40 m/s. Another conducts at the rate of 1 m/s. Which neuron has a myelinated axon? 2. List the following in order: A. K+ channels open and K+ floods out of cell B. Membrane is polarized (resting potential) C. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles int ...
Chapter 39
Chapter 39

... A. A synapse may occur between neurons or a neuron and a muscle cell 1. The neuron that ends at the synapse is the presynaptic neuron; the neuron that begins at a synapse is the postsynaptic neuron 2. Signals across synapses can be electrical or chemical a) Electrical synapses involve very close con ...
A. Sensation
A. Sensation

... if respiratory and cardiovascular controls are lost, the patient dies C. ...
CHAPTER 12 AND 13 OUTLINE
CHAPTER 12 AND 13 OUTLINE

... postsynaptic neuron • Postsynaptic membrane permeability changes, causing an excitatory or inhibitory effect Termination of Neurotransmitter Effects • • Neurotransmitter bound to a postsynaptic neuron: • • Produces a continuous postsynaptic effect • • Blocks reception of additional “messages” • • Mu ...
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters

... Whether a neuron “responds” or not, depends on temporal and spatial summation of EPSPs and IPSPs These channels open and close rapidly providing a means for rapid activation or rapid inhibition of postsynaptic neurons. There might be EPSP’s firing at the same time as IPSP’s. Add up all the charges ...
Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

... And there are just three types Sensory is the first has receptors They respond to stimuli Association's in brain and spinal cord Interpreting the info and passing on To move the motor neurons carry to the body Bring it to the glands Bring it to the muscles...oh oh oh oh oh Nervous System Spinal cord ...
Endocrine System
Endocrine System

... 1) Paracrine factors - cytokines 2) Hormones - chemical messengers ...
Biological synaptic functioning ordering activity
Biological synaptic functioning ordering activity

... The Biological approach to Psychology Synaptic functioning Put these processes in the correct order ...
Motor Neurons
Motor Neurons

... Neurotransmitters  chemical messengers that travel across the synaptic gaps between neurons  when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether it will generate a neural impulse ...
Chapter 23 take home test File
Chapter 23 take home test File

... c) mitochondria. d) cell body. e) dendrite. 6. Though both extend from every neuron, dendrites and axons differ in many ways and functions. Which of the following is NOT a correct difference between the two? a) Dendrites tend to reach shorter distances in the body then axons. b) Dendrites receive el ...
Nervous System - mr-youssef-mci
Nervous System - mr-youssef-mci

...  also known as afferent neurons  carries signals from sensory receptors to the CNS for ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System

...  Most body organs are innervated by both divisions of autonomic NS  Sympathetic and parasymp. Systems act opposite to each other.  The balance between the two systems is regulated by the hypothalamus.  --Their actions are different because: i. Postganglionic neurons release different neurotransm ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... The nervous system directs the function of all the human body systems (Figure 8-1). The nervous system is divided into two subsystems: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). A nerve cell or neuron is the basic element of the nervous system. All neurons have three p ...
The Mechanical Senses: Vestibular and Somatosensation
The Mechanical Senses: Vestibular and Somatosensation

... For this course, don’t worry about the different pathways to the brain for the different types of sensory neurons, although I will show the pain pathways. ...
Nervous Tissue - Northland Community & Technical College
Nervous Tissue - Northland Community & Technical College

...  Substance P -- enhances our perception of pain  Pain relief ...
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Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
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