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12 Unit 1
12 Unit 1

... • Located on tongue & pharynx & epiglottis • In structures called papillae Vallate (back), fungiform (all over) filiform- touch receptors only ...
Lecture 15
Lecture 15

... Leaky integrate and fire neurons Encode each individual spike Time is represented exactly Each spike has an associated time The timing of recent incoming spikes determines whether a neuron will fire • Computationally expensive • Can we do almost as well without encoding every single spike? ...
the nervous system - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
the nervous system - Fullfrontalanatomy.com

... sudden, transient changes in the membrane potential that are propagated along the surface of an axon or sarcolemma ...
Sensa1on and Percep1on
Sensa1on and Percep1on

... which occurs in the re&na • According to this theory, there are three different types of cones in the re&na and each type responds to a different range of wavelengths of light • Short wavelengths: gives rise to experience of blue-purple • Medium wavelengths: gives rise to experience of green • L ...
Study Guide - WordPress.com
Study Guide - WordPress.com

... shape of an arch from the sensory neuron, through the spinal cord, and out a motor neuron. 7. Functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system are those that are automatic, involuntary, and occur without thinking about it. 8. The cerebral cortex is the outer most layer of the cerebrum. 9. The sy ...
Lecture 17: Sensation
Lecture 17: Sensation

... 1. General sensation relies on sensory receptors that are widely distributed throughout the body. A. Usually. general sensory receptors are the dendrites of a sensory neuron. B. There are a diverse set of different kinds of general receptors, including free dendrites (pain, hair movement, light t ...
Biology 621 - Chapter 12 Midterm Exam Review
Biology 621 - Chapter 12 Midterm Exam Review

... 21. Action Potential is another name for a (an) impulse 22. A(n) reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus. 23 Subdivision of the PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscle and of glands; also called the involuntary nervous system… autonomic 24.Sensory neurons carry impulses ...
Unit 10 Chapter 36 The Nervous System
Unit 10 Chapter 36 The Nervous System

... membrane to a gap, called a synapse  The impulse is caused by the depolarization of chemicals surrounding the cell membrane  Chemicals called nuerotransmitters, are released into the synapse, which stimulates a charge in the next neuron ...
L14- Physiology of T..
L14- Physiology of T..

... attached to receptors on cillia of gustatory cells receptors potential action potential Combination between molecules and receptors are week (since taste can be easily abolished by washing mouth with water) ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... • The functional and structural unit of the nervous system • Specialized to conduct information from one part of the body to another • There are many different types of neurons but most have certain structural and functional characteristics in common: - Cell body (soma) - One or more specialized, sl ...
Chapter 12- Intro to NS
Chapter 12- Intro to NS

... Two types of cells form: neurons and glial cells (supporting cells) A. The Neuron- these types of cells are excitable and can send an impulse (electrical signal). Neurons have three major parts: cell body, dendrites, axon. These cells live for many years, do not under mitosis, and are highly dependa ...
Biology 621 - Chapter 12 Midterm Exam Review
Biology 621 - Chapter 12 Midterm Exam Review

... 26 Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the brain and spinal cord.____ 27.The __ is the basic functional unit of the nervous system. 28.____ neurons carry impulses from the spinal cord to the effectors. 29. Within the spinal cord, motor and sensory neurons are connected by_. 30. The 2 divi ...
Nervous System - University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Nervous System - University of Nevada, Las Vegas

... – Recruitment (activating additional motor units) – Summation (increasing frequency of stimulation) ...
An Introduction to the Nervous System
An Introduction to the Nervous System

... 12-1 Divisions of the Nervous System • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – Nerves (also called peripheral nerves) • Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood vessels • Carry sensory information and motor commands in PNS – Cranial nerves — connect to brain – Spinal nerves — attach to spin ...
PowerPoint to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and
PowerPoint to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and

... 1) Schwann Cells • Produce myelin found on peripheral myelinated neurons ...
control of body movement
control of body movement

... 1) Morphine like drugs are a diverse group of compounds that include morphine, heroine, and codeine. Bind to opoid receptors (of which there are several subtypes; µ, ∂, ) on neurons. Opoid receptor activation leads to an increase in K+ conductance, membrane hyperpolarization, inhibition of action p ...
The neuron Label the following terms: Soma Axon terminal Axon
The neuron Label the following terms: Soma Axon terminal Axon

... 15. Efferent  Neurons   16. Axon  Terminal     17. Stimulus   18. Refractory  Period     19. Schwann     20. Nodes  of  Ranvier     21. Acetylcholine   ...
Chapter 11: Nervous System
Chapter 11: Nervous System

...  Produces a continuous postsynaptic effect  Blocks reception of additional “messages”  Must be removed from its receptor ...
Practice Quiz - Kingsborough Community College
Practice Quiz - Kingsborough Community College

... Multiple Choice: use your scantron and darken the space of the letter of the best answer to each question. 1. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the motor portion for a. somatic reflexes b. visceral reflexes c. all peripheral reflexes d. skeletal muscular reflexes 2. Autonomic nerve impulses can ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... DA directly depresses sympathetic output and DA synthesis has a diurnal rhythm DA usually hyperpolarizes and depresses sympathetic activity ...
Chapter 11: Nervous System
Chapter 11: Nervous System

...  Produces a continuous postsynaptic effect  Blocks reception of additional “messages”  Must be removed from its receptor ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... – motor or efferent neuron: - conducts nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effector organ (muscles or glands). usually multipolar in structure. - accelerator motor neurons cause an increase of activity in the effector organ; while inhibitory motor neurons cause a decrease of activity ...
Difficult Vomiting Disorders: Therapy. In: Proceedings of the
Difficult Vomiting Disorders: Therapy. In: Proceedings of the

... Many of the spontaneous vomiting disorders of cats and dogs, particularly those of the primary gastrointestinal tract, are believed to result from activation of the neural pathway. Vomiting associated with primary gastrointestinal tract disease (e.g., inflammation, infection, malignancy, toxicity) r ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... Synaptic Plasticity: Long Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression • Long-Term Depression • Apparently, neural circuits that contain memories are established by strengthening some synapses and weakening others. • Dudek and Bear (1992) stimulated Schaffer collateral inputs to CA1 neurons in hippoc ...
Comron Hassanzadeh - UMKC School of Medicine
Comron Hassanzadeh - UMKC School of Medicine

... ASIC1a-/- and ASIC2-/- mice received a single intraperitoneal injection (IP) of AMPH at 3mg/kg, and their locomotor activity (LM) was recorded for 90 minutes. Repeated for 5 days. •After a two-week withdrawal period, the mice underwent an accommodation period for 60 minutes in individual test chambe ...
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Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
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