• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
The Special Senses
The Special Senses

... Navy SEAL Team 6 has attained international prominence for one reason: They were responsible for killing Osama bin Laden. They are American heroes. Yet, their own government betrayed them. Several days after the bin Laden operation, Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. — in a pathetic attempt to spik ...
Chapter-01
Chapter-01

... Nerve cells or receptors that are capable of receiving stimuli from within the body and external environment are located in sense organs and in other different organs. Receptors are modified neurons. They are of different types. Rods and cones in the eye, sound receptors in the ear, taste receptors ...
Bosma Lab Bosma Lab
Bosma Lab Bosma Lab

... quickly. The mechanism of rapid signaling is via electrical impulses called action potentials, which are caused by the opening and closing of ion channel proteins localized in the plasma membrane. Neurons convert this electrical signal into a chemical signal at the synapse, where information is pass ...
Sleep and Arousal
Sleep and Arousal

... • Eye cup—Spatial information, focussing, with pupil and lens later. • Dark and light vision (cones and rods) with adaptation. • Two eyeballs with muscles, for distance perception and fast movements in space. ...
File
File

... ▪ brain and spinal cord ...
How your brain and nervous system work
How your brain and nervous system work

... • Recall that the nerve impulse passes along the axon of a neurone. Higher tier only: high demand • Recall that the gap between neurones is called a synapse. • Describe how an impulse triggers the release of a transmitter substance in a synapse and how it diffuses across to bind with receptor molecu ...
lecture #6
lecture #6

... • Parkinsons - muscle stiffness due to degeneration of dopanergic nerves  loss of dopamine in the brain  loss of the brain’s control over skeletal muscles •patients given L-Dopa (dopamine precursor) • NT release can be enhanced or blocked •some amphetamines can promote dopamine and NE release •bot ...
The cells of the nervous system
The cells of the nervous system

... • Endorphins are neurotransmitters which act like natural painkillers by stimulating neurons which are involved in reducing the intensity of pain. • Endorphin production increases in response to: ...
Optogenetics: Molecular and Optical Tools for Controlling Life with
Optogenetics: Molecular and Optical Tools for Controlling Life with

... to be used in neurons was channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), from the green alga C. reinhardtii [3]; when expressed in neurons, it reacts rapidly to brief pulses of blue light, with large enough depolarizing photocurrents to mediate action potentials at rates of tens of hertz. Due to the utility of ChR2 to ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... • If VM reaches threshold, Na+ channels open and Na+ influx ensues, depolarizing the cell and causing the VM to increase. This is the rising phase of an AP. • Eventually, the Na+ channel will have inactivated and the K+ channels will be open. Now, K+ effluxes and repolarization occurs. This is the f ...
BIOL241NSintro12aJUL2012
BIOL241NSintro12aJUL2012

... • Synaptic cleft The small gap that separates the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane • Area of terminal containing synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters ...
P312Ch02_Nervous System, Neurons Lecture
P312Ch02_Nervous System, Neurons Lecture

... interior voltage reaches +.040, another change occurs that causes K+ ions to rush out of the neuron, resulting in the interior voltage going from +.040 back toward 0. This whole process – change in the membrane, movement of ions, and change in voltage - is called an action potential. Think of the ru ...
Lecture 6: Stochastic models of channels, synapses
Lecture 6: Stochastic models of channels, synapses

... NMDA receptors Conductance is voltage-dependent (raising voltage knocks out Mg ions that block channel at low V) I NMDA  g NMDA Ps (V  VNMDA ) ...
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology

... – κ-receptors are found in the striatum and amygdala, but also in hypothalamus and pituitary • Seem to regulate pain perception and gut motility – Can cause dysphoria. ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... of the nervous system • Specialized to conduct information from one part of the body to another • There are many, many different types of neurons but most have certain structural and functional characteristics in common: - Cell body (soma) - One or more specialized, slender processes (axons/dendrite ...
Monday, June 20, 2005
Monday, June 20, 2005

... synaptic cleft. Here, I will concentrate on recent work in which we have used synaptically-evoked Ca2+ transients in dendritic spines to carry out optical quantal analysis of transmission at individual synapses before and after the induction of long-term synaptic plasticity. We find that individual ...
BIOL241NSintro12aJUL2012
BIOL241NSintro12aJUL2012

... •  Synaptic cleft The small gap that separates the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane •  Area of terminal containing synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters ...
Ch6 - Unit3Biology
Ch6 - Unit3Biology

... the blood, which then travel to the target organ which receives the signal thus resulting in a response from the receptor cell. For example, the hypothalamus of the brain has several different kinds of neurons each producing a different kind of neurohormone. These are released into the blood and tra ...
Identification of Novel Drug Leads for Receptors Implicated in
Identification of Novel Drug Leads for Receptors Implicated in

... dreaming occurs. The loss of motor inhibition leads to a wide spectrum of behavior during sleep. Migraine is a type of REM disorder [2]. Studies suggest that genetics, prenatal care with environment, combined with psychological and social factors are important causes of migraine. Research suggests t ...
Lecture 11a Nervous System
Lecture 11a Nervous System

... – cell that receives message ...
1) Discuss if NOCICEPTORS are real. 2) Describe the distribution of
1) Discuss if NOCICEPTORS are real. 2) Describe the distribution of

... binding site located in the extracellular or  transmembrane domain or even a site that  overlaps both (as is true for opiate  receptors) ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 20.1 Time
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 20.1 Time

... stabilization and elaboration of branches toward appropriate target areas (gray and white bars) that is essential for circuit refinement. These processes are not just important during development, but underlie changes in circuit refinement in the mature nervous system. Source: From Bestman et al. ...
Of nerves and neurons - Case Western Reserve University
Of nerves and neurons - Case Western Reserve University

... functional consequences of these changes are. MAINTAINING MACROPHAGES When an axon in the peripheral nervous system is damaged, there is a subsequent multicellular response that causes the damaged axon to degenerate and the cell body to express genes necessary for regeneration. The outcome is the de ...
THALAMUS
THALAMUS

... spikes during waking and REM-sleep in behaving cats with chronic implants (D-F). Similar changes in firing pattern occur in vitro in these neurons in response to various neurotransmitters released by brainstem modulatory systems (Steriade et al., 1993). ...
Document
Document

... The probe is [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. The 18F nucleus decays, eventually yielding a positron which annihilates with an electron to produce a pair of g rays (photons). These travel in opposite directions. The two coincident photons intersect an array of detectors. The point of origin is on the lin ...
< 1 ... 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 ... 206 >

Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report