CHEMOTHERAPY
... Malabsorption of a drug product because of GIT disease or a drug interaction ( combination of tetracyclines with milk products ). Accelerated drug elimination as in patient with cystic fibrosis or during pregnancy may result in rapid clearance or large volume of distribution resulting in low serum c ...
... Malabsorption of a drug product because of GIT disease or a drug interaction ( combination of tetracyclines with milk products ). Accelerated drug elimination as in patient with cystic fibrosis or during pregnancy may result in rapid clearance or large volume of distribution resulting in low serum c ...
Pharmacology 14b – Adverse Drug Reactions
... - Antagonistic effects - anticholinergic medications (amitriptyline and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions These relate to the body’s effect on the drug e.g. Alteration in absorption o Chelation of toxic metals via irreversible binding in the GI tract. Protein bin ...
... - Antagonistic effects - anticholinergic medications (amitriptyline and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions These relate to the body’s effect on the drug e.g. Alteration in absorption o Chelation of toxic metals via irreversible binding in the GI tract. Protein bin ...
Life Span Consideration - NAC / CNA Certification Spokane WA
... circulating body fluids to the sites of action (receptors) and to the sites of metabolism and excretion. • Most drugs are transported: – Dissolved in the circulating body water (blood) – Bound to plasma proteins with the blood ...
... circulating body fluids to the sites of action (receptors) and to the sites of metabolism and excretion. • Most drugs are transported: – Dissolved in the circulating body water (blood) – Bound to plasma proteins with the blood ...
February 2007 Toxtidbits
... Drugs that are obtained illegally for abuse purposes are not always what they seem to be. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), they may be “counterfeit” (contain the drug specified but not made legally), “mimics” (contain one or more controlled substances other than the intended drug) or ...
... Drugs that are obtained illegally for abuse purposes are not always what they seem to be. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), they may be “counterfeit” (contain the drug specified but not made legally), “mimics” (contain one or more controlled substances other than the intended drug) or ...
Patient Teaching-cetirizine hydrochloride - McGraw-Hill
... § Take drug with full glass of water, with or without food. § Take at same time each day. WARNINGS & PRECAUTIONS! • Avoid driving and other hazardous activities until you know how drug affects your concentration and alertness. • Tell prescriber if you're pregnant or breastfeeding. SIDE EFFECTS This ...
... § Take drug with full glass of water, with or without food. § Take at same time each day. WARNINGS & PRECAUTIONS! • Avoid driving and other hazardous activities until you know how drug affects your concentration and alertness. • Tell prescriber if you're pregnant or breastfeeding. SIDE EFFECTS This ...
Basics of Drug Testing Many factors influence the length of time
... Basics of Drug Testing Many factors influence the length of time required for drugs to be metabolized and excreted through the urine. The most important of these is the half-life of the drug. Half-life refers to the amount of time the body requires to reduce the amount of a given drug to undetectabl ...
... Basics of Drug Testing Many factors influence the length of time required for drugs to be metabolized and excreted through the urine. The most important of these is the half-life of the drug. Half-life refers to the amount of time the body requires to reduce the amount of a given drug to undetectabl ...
FACTORS THAT CHANGE DRUG ACTION
... Shock, chf blood flow to tissues ↓ and absorption after parenteral and GI administration decreases. However blood flow from elimination organs also ↓ and they balance each other. Kidney diseases, decrease in renal clearance effects ionized and polar drugs.Gentamycin’s hl increases to 30-60 h compare ...
... Shock, chf blood flow to tissues ↓ and absorption after parenteral and GI administration decreases. However blood flow from elimination organs also ↓ and they balance each other. Kidney diseases, decrease in renal clearance effects ionized and polar drugs.Gentamycin’s hl increases to 30-60 h compare ...
Core Concepts in Pharmacology
... • What role does diffusion play in achieving the therapeutic effect? • Compare and contrast the two processes involved in diffusion. ...
... • What role does diffusion play in achieving the therapeutic effect? • Compare and contrast the two processes involved in diffusion. ...
Pharmacology 1 for pharmacy students
... optimizing benefits and minimizing risks. Rational drug use embraces not only rational drug prescribing by the clinical practitioner but also rational drug dispensing by the pharmacist and rational drug consumption by the patient. The pharmacist can play an important role in achieving rational drug ...
... optimizing benefits and minimizing risks. Rational drug use embraces not only rational drug prescribing by the clinical practitioner but also rational drug dispensing by the pharmacist and rational drug consumption by the patient. The pharmacist can play an important role in achieving rational drug ...
Pharmacokinetics
... Absorption refers to the “movement” of the drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream. Therefore, the IV, parenteral route leads to “instant” absorption. ...
... Absorption refers to the “movement” of the drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream. Therefore, the IV, parenteral route leads to “instant” absorption. ...
Polypharmacy: A Look into Over Medicating
... Know the side effect profile of the drugs being prescribed. Understand how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aging increase the risk of adverse drug events. Stop any drug without known benefit. Stop any drug without a clinical indication. Attempt to substitute a less toxic drug. Be aware of t ...
... Know the side effect profile of the drugs being prescribed. Understand how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aging increase the risk of adverse drug events. Stop any drug without known benefit. Stop any drug without a clinical indication. Attempt to substitute a less toxic drug. Be aware of t ...
![B.P.T. [2 Prof.] Pharmacology](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008917896_1-c31914c142442c84677e5266e8798f20-300x300.png)
B.P.T. [2 Prof.] Pharmacology
... Antiretro virus drugs should be given in combination. Anticholinergic drug's main side effects is dryness of mouth. Diabetic patients who are taking Insulin should avoid Alcohol drink. In variant Angina beta - blockers are avoided. On and off phenomenon occurs after chronic use of Levodopa in Parkin ...
... Antiretro virus drugs should be given in combination. Anticholinergic drug's main side effects is dryness of mouth. Diabetic patients who are taking Insulin should avoid Alcohol drink. In variant Angina beta - blockers are avoided. On and off phenomenon occurs after chronic use of Levodopa in Parkin ...
A1987L059000002
... locally acted as a vasoconstrictor but systemically lowered the blood pressure. It took the medical profession some time to realize that a “sympathomimetic” may serve as an antihypertensive drug. A review article is a favourite for a Citation Classic if the editor selects the suitable author at the ...
... locally acted as a vasoconstrictor but systemically lowered the blood pressure. It took the medical profession some time to realize that a “sympathomimetic” may serve as an antihypertensive drug. A review article is a favourite for a Citation Classic if the editor selects the suitable author at the ...
What`s Inside Worksheet
... 1. What category of drug is yours? (Depressant, Stimulant, Hallucinogens, Opiate..etc) 2. What neurotransmitter does your drug effect? 3. Is your drug an Agonist or Antagonist (does it mimic a neurotransmitter or block a neurotransmitter? 4. What are the physical/physiological effects? 5. How many d ...
... 1. What category of drug is yours? (Depressant, Stimulant, Hallucinogens, Opiate..etc) 2. What neurotransmitter does your drug effect? 3. Is your drug an Agonist or Antagonist (does it mimic a neurotransmitter or block a neurotransmitter? 4. What are the physical/physiological effects? 5. How many d ...
Age Changes Presentation (ppt.28KB)
... How body acts on drug: • Reduced renal function, resulting in reduced elimination of renally excreted drugs - toxicity • Dosages should be reduced in the elderly (start low go slow) • Acute illness can lead to rapid decrease in renal function ...
... How body acts on drug: • Reduced renal function, resulting in reduced elimination of renally excreted drugs - toxicity • Dosages should be reduced in the elderly (start low go slow) • Acute illness can lead to rapid decrease in renal function ...
Geriatric Drug-Drug Interactions
... • Older BP patients may be slow to improveduration of adequate treatment trial not clear; • Optimal doses/concentrations not defined; • Some patients respond to low concentrations, e.g. of lithium. • Patients with dementia, and mild cognitive impairments, may have slower/attenuated benefit and great ...
... • Older BP patients may be slow to improveduration of adequate treatment trial not clear; • Optimal doses/concentrations not defined; • Some patients respond to low concentrations, e.g. of lithium. • Patients with dementia, and mild cognitive impairments, may have slower/attenuated benefit and great ...
Basic Pharmacology
... undesirable response to a drug • Indication: an illness or disorder for the treatment of which a specific drug has documented usefulness ...
... undesirable response to a drug • Indication: an illness or disorder for the treatment of which a specific drug has documented usefulness ...
Pharmacologic Principles
... Drug Misadventures • Adverse Drug Event (ADE) – Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) • Caused by factors inside patient’s body • Allergy, unknown, kidney or liver disease • Not able to be controlled ...
... Drug Misadventures • Adverse Drug Event (ADE) – Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) • Caused by factors inside patient’s body • Allergy, unknown, kidney or liver disease • Not able to be controlled ...
Drug interactions
... • Warfarin • Cytotoxic agents Steep dose–response curve • Verapamil • Sulphonylureas • Levodopa ...
... • Warfarin • Cytotoxic agents Steep dose–response curve • Verapamil • Sulphonylureas • Levodopa ...
Psychoactive Drugs
... neurotransmitters and receptors. These drugs get into the brain through the blood supply when they pass the blood-brain barrier. Drugs that act as agonists mimic the effects of neurotransmitters, whereas those acting as antagonists prevent neurotransmitters from binding with receptors and inhibit ne ...
... neurotransmitters and receptors. These drugs get into the brain through the blood supply when they pass the blood-brain barrier. Drugs that act as agonists mimic the effects of neurotransmitters, whereas those acting as antagonists prevent neurotransmitters from binding with receptors and inhibit ne ...
Drugs Review - Schoolwires
... Drugs Review Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco are considered gateway drugs to harder drugs. Some drugs such as PCP, LSD can cause delayed effects - flashbacks and other mental problems, The most popular stimulant in the world is not cocaine - it is caffeine. ...
... Drugs Review Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco are considered gateway drugs to harder drugs. Some drugs such as PCP, LSD can cause delayed effects - flashbacks and other mental problems, The most popular stimulant in the world is not cocaine - it is caffeine. ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.