mode-of-action-of-recreational
... • Drug addiction can be defined as a chronic disease that causes the sufferer to seek out and use the drug, regardless of consequences. ...
... • Drug addiction can be defined as a chronic disease that causes the sufferer to seek out and use the drug, regardless of consequences. ...
Interactions with systemic antifungal agents
... Interactions with systemic antifungal agents All systemic antifungal agents have the potential to interact with other pharmacotherapy, primarily through interactions with the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450) system. This bulletin discusses the major drug interactions with the triazoles (fluconazole, ...
... Interactions with systemic antifungal agents All systemic antifungal agents have the potential to interact with other pharmacotherapy, primarily through interactions with the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450) system. This bulletin discusses the major drug interactions with the triazoles (fluconazole, ...
Blood and Drug Transport Part 2 – ADME Video Clip – ADME
... directly into the circulatory system through a vein. In oral administration, however, a drug is absorbed by crossing membranes from the digestive tract to the bloodstream. The digestive tract, especially the small intestine, is designed to absorb nutrients from food. Properly designed drugs can read ...
... directly into the circulatory system through a vein. In oral administration, however, a drug is absorbed by crossing membranes from the digestive tract to the bloodstream. The digestive tract, especially the small intestine, is designed to absorb nutrients from food. Properly designed drugs can read ...
Drugs in Perspective
... $2,933 billion for diseases for which substance abuse is a risk factor $336 million for patients with secondary diagnosis of substance abuse ...
... $2,933 billion for diseases for which substance abuse is a risk factor $336 million for patients with secondary diagnosis of substance abuse ...
Slide 1
... • When ingested the drug is taken from the gastrointestinal tract via the hepatic portal vein to the liver where it is metabolised. • The drug is then distributed through the systemic circulation but at a reduced concentration. ...
... • When ingested the drug is taken from the gastrointestinal tract via the hepatic portal vein to the liver where it is metabolised. • The drug is then distributed through the systemic circulation but at a reduced concentration. ...
Pharmacokinetics for the Non-Specialist
... PK is the science of measuring and interpreting the concentrations of the drug and metabolite in blood/urine after the drug has been dosed. In contrast, Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiological drug effects on the body – so basically it is what the drug does to the bod ...
... PK is the science of measuring and interpreting the concentrations of the drug and metabolite in blood/urine after the drug has been dosed. In contrast, Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiological drug effects on the body – so basically it is what the drug does to the bod ...
Document
... modify a person’s perceptual experiences and produce artificial visions. Many specific drugs within these categories may be used for medical reasons and each has short-term effects, overdose effects, health risks, and risk of dependence. Uses of Psychoactive Drugs ...
... modify a person’s perceptual experiences and produce artificial visions. Many specific drugs within these categories may be used for medical reasons and each has short-term effects, overdose effects, health risks, and risk of dependence. Uses of Psychoactive Drugs ...
More Foundations (not in your book
... When a person takes two drugs at the same time, the rate of absorption of one or both drugs can change - one drug can decrease, increase or block the absorption rate of another drug. It does this in 3 ways, by: – Decreasing or increasing GI emptying time – Changing the gastric pH – Forming drug co ...
... When a person takes two drugs at the same time, the rate of absorption of one or both drugs can change - one drug can decrease, increase or block the absorption rate of another drug. It does this in 3 ways, by: – Decreasing or increasing GI emptying time – Changing the gastric pH – Forming drug co ...
Chapter 3.Litho
... The term overdose is often applied in the case of because it is relatively potent, easily dissolved in drug-related mortality but in many cases death (or water for injecting and penetrates the blood-brain barrier more quickly than morphine. Effects may last from 4 – 6 hours. Heroin can also A single ...
... The term overdose is often applied in the case of because it is relatively potent, easily dissolved in drug-related mortality but in many cases death (or water for injecting and penetrates the blood-brain barrier more quickly than morphine. Effects may last from 4 – 6 hours. Heroin can also A single ...
Homeopathic drugs
... of symptoms; however, in a patient whose disease symptoms resemble just this mosaic of symptoms, the same drug (simile principle) would effect a cure when given in a very low dosage (“potentiation”). ...
... of symptoms; however, in a patient whose disease symptoms resemble just this mosaic of symptoms, the same drug (simile principle) would effect a cure when given in a very low dosage (“potentiation”). ...
Marijuana, LSD and Club Drugs
... As the drug made its way into mainstream culture, it was associated with “hippies” during the Free Love Movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s ...
... As the drug made its way into mainstream culture, it was associated with “hippies” during the Free Love Movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s ...
01_CLIN_PHARMACOKYNETIC_PHARMACODYNAMIC
... surface area for absorption of nutrients and drugs) before they are absorbed. Liquid medications are absorbed faster than tablets or capsules because they need not be dissolved. ...
... surface area for absorption of nutrients and drugs) before they are absorbed. Liquid medications are absorbed faster than tablets or capsules because they need not be dissolved. ...
Drugs and Our Society
... - feel giddy and uninhibited - you are becoming intoxicated Maximum effect is reached when you pass out - concentration continues to rise = death ...
... - feel giddy and uninhibited - you are becoming intoxicated Maximum effect is reached when you pass out - concentration continues to rise = death ...
Drugs - Images
... Social impact of drug dependence is directly related to the extent in which the drug has become interwoven into a person’s life. Personal health, economic relationships, and family obligations may all suffer. ...
... Social impact of drug dependence is directly related to the extent in which the drug has become interwoven into a person’s life. Personal health, economic relationships, and family obligations may all suffer. ...
2.exilam details
... available on the market. It easily ranks in popularity with compounds like Methoxetamine (MXE) and many bath salt compounds. 8. Etizolam is a sedative, and should never be mixed with other Sedatives or Depressants, especially Alcohol, Opiates, Opiods. Mixing with these drugs greatly increases one’s ...
... available on the market. It easily ranks in popularity with compounds like Methoxetamine (MXE) and many bath salt compounds. 8. Etizolam is a sedative, and should never be mixed with other Sedatives or Depressants, especially Alcohol, Opiates, Opiods. Mixing with these drugs greatly increases one’s ...
Pharmacokinetics
... Weak bases are passively concentrated in the stomach from the blood because of the large pH differential. Some drugs are excreted in the bile in active form or as a conjugate that can be hydrolyzed in the intestine and reabsorbed. In these cases, and when orally administered drugs are slowly absorbe ...
... Weak bases are passively concentrated in the stomach from the blood because of the large pH differential. Some drugs are excreted in the bile in active form or as a conjugate that can be hydrolyzed in the intestine and reabsorbed. In these cases, and when orally administered drugs are slowly absorbe ...
Document
... -Extensive metabolizers; or -poor metabolizers no pain relief from codeine prodrug for morphine catalyzed by CYP2D6 4-hydroxylase Other genetic variations- 1:3000 occurrence atypical cholinesterasewill not metabolize topical anasthetic succinycholine these individuals may stay “frozen” for days or w ...
... -Extensive metabolizers; or -poor metabolizers no pain relief from codeine prodrug for morphine catalyzed by CYP2D6 4-hydroxylase Other genetic variations- 1:3000 occurrence atypical cholinesterasewill not metabolize topical anasthetic succinycholine these individuals may stay “frozen” for days or w ...
Evolving Harm Reduction Through Peer Education
... RC = research chemical LH = legal high IL = illegal legal Bomb = swallow in a cigarette paper Bump = small pile for snorting Plug = rectal administration Rail = intravenous injection SWIM = someone who isn't me AFOAF = a friend of a friend TR = trip report ...
... RC = research chemical LH = legal high IL = illegal legal Bomb = swallow in a cigarette paper Bump = small pile for snorting Plug = rectal administration Rail = intravenous injection SWIM = someone who isn't me AFOAF = a friend of a friend TR = trip report ...
life.nthu.edu.tw
... – Polypharmacy, multiple diseases, altered physiological response • AIDS patients – : antiviral drugs + antibiotics or antifungal agents for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections ...
... – Polypharmacy, multiple diseases, altered physiological response • AIDS patients – : antiviral drugs + antibiotics or antifungal agents for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections ...
Foundation Knowledge and Skills
... Medications with large volume of distribution have lower blood concentration Medications with small volume of distribution have a higher blood concentration ...
... Medications with large volume of distribution have lower blood concentration Medications with small volume of distribution have a higher blood concentration ...
Snímek 1
... 3/ They contain a heme cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins 4/ Activity of CYPs can be inhibited or increased by drugs (or other chemicals) - ENZYME INHIBITION/INDUCTION that may be of great importance in therapeutics. 5/ There are many isoforms of CYPs, some with important individual differenc ...
... 3/ They contain a heme cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins 4/ Activity of CYPs can be inhibited or increased by drugs (or other chemicals) - ENZYME INHIBITION/INDUCTION that may be of great importance in therapeutics. 5/ There are many isoforms of CYPs, some with important individual differenc ...
Bile Acid Sequestrants - The Center for Cholesterol Management
... trial with a clinical endpoint and in five with angiographic endpoints. BASs should be avoided in patients with TGs >400mg/dl because they tend to raise TG levels. If it is be used in combination with medicines to lower TGs, this is not a major concern but if used alone should only be used if one’s ...
... trial with a clinical endpoint and in five with angiographic endpoints. BASs should be avoided in patients with TGs >400mg/dl because they tend to raise TG levels. If it is be used in combination with medicines to lower TGs, this is not a major concern but if used alone should only be used if one’s ...
Drug dosage - jan.ucc.nau.edu
... effects of taking 2 drugs are not just additive; the response to 1 drug is greatly increased or decreased by the administration of a second • Can be useful or it can be a problem • Example of a useful interaction: – Drug A not effective at low dosages ...
... effects of taking 2 drugs are not just additive; the response to 1 drug is greatly increased or decreased by the administration of a second • Can be useful or it can be a problem • Example of a useful interaction: – Drug A not effective at low dosages ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.