Basic Biopharmaceutics
... • One of the primary factors affecting oral drug absorption is the gastric emptying time. – This the time that the drug remains in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine – Most absorption occurs in the small intestine. – Some factors increase the gastric emptying time, but most sl ...
... • One of the primary factors affecting oral drug absorption is the gastric emptying time. – This the time that the drug remains in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine – Most absorption occurs in the small intestine. – Some factors increase the gastric emptying time, but most sl ...
DRUG INTERACTIONS
... when erythromycin is prescribed for someone receiving clozapine, the antibiotic inhibits CYP3A4, thereby decreasing the metabolism and increasing the plasma concentration of the antipsychotic. This increases the risk of seizures. Alternatively, seizures may occur in people with epilepsy as a result ...
... when erythromycin is prescribed for someone receiving clozapine, the antibiotic inhibits CYP3A4, thereby decreasing the metabolism and increasing the plasma concentration of the antipsychotic. This increases the risk of seizures. Alternatively, seizures may occur in people with epilepsy as a result ...
Pharmacokinetic drug interaction
... hormones, warfarin, propranolol, tetracycline, esrtogens and progestins, digoxin and other. They also may bind to fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K. Distribution: Competition for protein binding, in particular with serum albumin is another potential source o ...
... hormones, warfarin, propranolol, tetracycline, esrtogens and progestins, digoxin and other. They also may bind to fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K. Distribution: Competition for protein binding, in particular with serum albumin is another potential source o ...
dental second assessment
... Q2. EXPLAIN WHY 1. Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in neonates ? ...
... Q2. EXPLAIN WHY 1. Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in neonates ? ...
Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies
... – Amt required to produce specific desired effect in an adult – “loading dose” – Should not increase prescribed dose (Duh!) ...
... – Amt required to produce specific desired effect in an adult – “loading dose” – Should not increase prescribed dose (Duh!) ...
What happens when things don`t work out like they were supposed to?
... warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. This solu ...
... warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. This solu ...
Variability in Drug Response 2
... 16-fold increase in oral midazolam). Likewise, drug metabolism may be induced or inhibited due to drug interaction greatly influencing elimination. The CYP450 enzymes are again very important in this process. St John Wort is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 leading to potentially hazardous interactions ...
... 16-fold increase in oral midazolam). Likewise, drug metabolism may be induced or inhibited due to drug interaction greatly influencing elimination. The CYP450 enzymes are again very important in this process. St John Wort is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 leading to potentially hazardous interactions ...
Medicinal and Recreational drugs
... Illegal drugs are drugs which have limitations on their ownership or use by a government, and are illegal in certain situations (meaning a person is not allowed to have them). A drug is any chemical that affects the human body or mind when it is swallowed, breathed in, or consumed in another way. Ex ...
... Illegal drugs are drugs which have limitations on their ownership or use by a government, and are illegal in certain situations (meaning a person is not allowed to have them). A drug is any chemical that affects the human body or mind when it is swallowed, breathed in, or consumed in another way. Ex ...
Drug Interactions Pharmacolgoy Prof. R. K. Dixit
... • Heparin when mixed with penicillin gentamicin/hydrocortisone. ...
... • Heparin when mixed with penicillin gentamicin/hydrocortisone. ...
Metrifonate
... – Loading dose for 2 weeks [2 mg/kg] – Maintenance dose for 10 weeks [0.65 mg/kg] This course of treatment causing 70% inhibition of AchE level ...
... – Loading dose for 2 weeks [2 mg/kg] – Maintenance dose for 10 weeks [0.65 mg/kg] This course of treatment causing 70% inhibition of AchE level ...
Drugs
... Drug addiction – loss of __________________ over drug-taking, even in the face of adverse _________________, personal, or _________________ consequences. What is happening at the synapses during drug use? - Most psychoactive drugs alter transmission of ______________________. There are several metho ...
... Drug addiction – loss of __________________ over drug-taking, even in the face of adverse _________________, personal, or _________________ consequences. What is happening at the synapses during drug use? - Most psychoactive drugs alter transmission of ______________________. There are several metho ...
86a-CO-Pharmacology
... Roll - Meditation/breath of arrival, What will be covered today ( •Some say average person in the U.S. is on 10 medications (over and under counter). •This can be a godsend or a misfortune. •In any case, we generally are seeing clients on some form or forms of medication. •This is important info to ...
... Roll - Meditation/breath of arrival, What will be covered today ( •Some say average person in the U.S. is on 10 medications (over and under counter). •This can be a godsend or a misfortune. •In any case, we generally are seeing clients on some form or forms of medication. •This is important info to ...
PowerPoint-esitys
... information received made them change their action at least sometimes • Sfinx was typically used in a direct patient consultation situation, i.e. at POINT OF CARE International journal of medical informatics 2015:84;327–333. ...
... information received made them change their action at least sometimes • Sfinx was typically used in a direct patient consultation situation, i.e. at POINT OF CARE International journal of medical informatics 2015:84;327–333. ...
BP 404 T. PHARMACOLOGY-I (Theory)
... how their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The subject covers the information about the drugs like, mechanism of action, physiological and biochemical effects (pharmacodynamics) as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetics) along with the adverse effects, cl ...
... how their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The subject covers the information about the drugs like, mechanism of action, physiological and biochemical effects (pharmacodynamics) as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetics) along with the adverse effects, cl ...
Lecture 3 - personal.kent.edu
... V. Basic principles of drug action A. Drug administration and absorption 1. Ingestion 2. Injection 3. Inhalation 4. Absorption B. Drug metabolism VI. Tolerance A. Cross tolerance B. Tolerance develops to some chars (effects) but not others C. Types of tolerance 1. decreased drug binding (sequesterin ...
... V. Basic principles of drug action A. Drug administration and absorption 1. Ingestion 2. Injection 3. Inhalation 4. Absorption B. Drug metabolism VI. Tolerance A. Cross tolerance B. Tolerance develops to some chars (effects) but not others C. Types of tolerance 1. decreased drug binding (sequesterin ...
Substance abuse
... • Background – main types of abused drugs Table – no insulin or penicillin "junkies" ...
... • Background – main types of abused drugs Table – no insulin or penicillin "junkies" ...
Mechanisms of common and important adverse drug reactions
... Interactions: drugs • Interaction occurs esp. in patients with altered KCNE2 gene for IK r potassium channel that is important for repolarization • ↑QT also by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ...
... Interactions: drugs • Interaction occurs esp. in patients with altered KCNE2 gene for IK r potassium channel that is important for repolarization • ↑QT also by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ...
File
... Phase I metabolism: The addition of functional groups onto the compound (e.g. addition of hydroxyl groups or hydrolysis of bonds) Phase II metabolism: The conjugation of compounds to functional groups (e.g. glutathione, glucuronic acid and sulfate groups) Phase III metabolism: Active transport out ...
... Phase I metabolism: The addition of functional groups onto the compound (e.g. addition of hydroxyl groups or hydrolysis of bonds) Phase II metabolism: The conjugation of compounds to functional groups (e.g. glutathione, glucuronic acid and sulfate groups) Phase III metabolism: Active transport out ...
Understanding the Basics of Pharmacology
... Generic name: chemical name Brand name /Trade name ...
... Generic name: chemical name Brand name /Trade name ...
Lecture 26_web
... acetylcholine receptor) Increases blood pressure, heart rate, and release of epinephrine (adrenaline) Addiction may have a genetic basis….? Many side effects and withdrawal symptoms ...
... acetylcholine receptor) Increases blood pressure, heart rate, and release of epinephrine (adrenaline) Addiction may have a genetic basis….? Many side effects and withdrawal symptoms ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.