Culture of Safety talking points
... Reporting ADRs may impact drug labeling, which improves safety data. Any serious or significant ADR, as defined above Reactions associated with NEW drugs (<3 yrs on the U.S. market) are extremely important to report. Safety data regarding these drugs often changes as they are used in more pati ...
... Reporting ADRs may impact drug labeling, which improves safety data. Any serious or significant ADR, as defined above Reactions associated with NEW drugs (<3 yrs on the U.S. market) are extremely important to report. Safety data regarding these drugs often changes as they are used in more pati ...
Drug Interactions Every Health Care Provider Should Know
... **—These will slow down substrate drug metabolism and increase drug effect. ^^—These will speed up substrate drug metabolism and decrease drug effect. Lynch and Price, Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 1;76(3):391-396. ...
... **—These will slow down substrate drug metabolism and increase drug effect. ^^—These will speed up substrate drug metabolism and decrease drug effect. Lynch and Price, Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 1;76(3):391-396. ...
CHAPTER 15 Quiz Yourself 1. The choice of drug therapy for
... acetylcholine) to effectively raise the acetylcholine level in the brain. 6. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are caused by an imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine. 7. When the dose of a drug used to treat Parkinson’s disease can no longer be increased or side effects become intolerable, ...
... acetylcholine) to effectively raise the acetylcholine level in the brain. 6. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are caused by an imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine. 7. When the dose of a drug used to treat Parkinson’s disease can no longer be increased or side effects become intolerable, ...
File
... increasing rate of elimination balances the amount administered over the dose interval Plasma concentration plateaus and fluctuates about an average steady state level ...
... increasing rate of elimination balances the amount administered over the dose interval Plasma concentration plateaus and fluctuates about an average steady state level ...
Metabolism of drugs
... Allopurinol both prolongs the duration and enhances the chemotherapeutic action of mercaptopurine by competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Consequently, to avoid bone marrow toxicity, the dose of mercaptopurine is usually reduced in patients receiving allopurinol. Cimetidine, a drug used in th ...
... Allopurinol both prolongs the duration and enhances the chemotherapeutic action of mercaptopurine by competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Consequently, to avoid bone marrow toxicity, the dose of mercaptopurine is usually reduced in patients receiving allopurinol. Cimetidine, a drug used in th ...
Drug Metabolism Biotransformation: the process whereby lipid
... Their versatility is due in part to the presence of multiple families of enzymes, each family containing multiple family members. Four P450s that are major contributors to drug oxidation are CYP1A2 (12% of all drugs), CYP2B6 (20%), CYP2E1 (6%), and CYP3A4 (28%). Others include CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C1 ...
... Their versatility is due in part to the presence of multiple families of enzymes, each family containing multiple family members. Four P450s that are major contributors to drug oxidation are CYP1A2 (12% of all drugs), CYP2B6 (20%), CYP2E1 (6%), and CYP3A4 (28%). Others include CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C1 ...
Medication Use in the Elderly
... Drugs with large therapeutic index (e.g., penicillin); little clinical importance Drugs with a narrower therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin, cimetidine, aminoglycosides), side effects in older patients if dose reductions are not made . Digoxin is the drug that most often causes side effects in the elde ...
... Drugs with large therapeutic index (e.g., penicillin); little clinical importance Drugs with a narrower therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin, cimetidine, aminoglycosides), side effects in older patients if dose reductions are not made . Digoxin is the drug that most often causes side effects in the elde ...
document
... • Why ? , 52 deaths were reported from rhabdomyolysis and its resultant renal failure • The story of thalidomide is will known ...
... • Why ? , 52 deaths were reported from rhabdomyolysis and its resultant renal failure • The story of thalidomide is will known ...
Drug Metabolism
... o Induction of CYP2E1: isoniazid, acetone, chronic EtOH consumption Many inducers of P450s also induce enzymes involved in phase II biotransformation Inhibition: Results in elevated levels of parent drug, prolonged pharmacological effects, and increased incidence of druginduced toxicity Competition ...
... o Induction of CYP2E1: isoniazid, acetone, chronic EtOH consumption Many inducers of P450s also induce enzymes involved in phase II biotransformation Inhibition: Results in elevated levels of parent drug, prolonged pharmacological effects, and increased incidence of druginduced toxicity Competition ...
Document
... 1. Which part of the GIT is the site of major absorption? Intestine compared to stomach. 2. The time from the stomach to intestine is the exit time. 3. Because the intestine is a major site of absorption, that is a limiting step. 4. The factor is how quickly you release the drug from stomach to inte ...
... 1. Which part of the GIT is the site of major absorption? Intestine compared to stomach. 2. The time from the stomach to intestine is the exit time. 3. Because the intestine is a major site of absorption, that is a limiting step. 4. The factor is how quickly you release the drug from stomach to inte ...
SHEET L.14 SLIDE 5 (IV drug preparation guidelines)
... Other thing is that in Pediatrics there is always a Maximum concentration that we can't overcome, while in adults generally there isn't a maximum concentration, and based on the max. concentration in pediatrics the dilution takes place for the medication. We'll also talk about chemotherapeutic drugs ...
... Other thing is that in Pediatrics there is always a Maximum concentration that we can't overcome, while in adults generally there isn't a maximum concentration, and based on the max. concentration in pediatrics the dilution takes place for the medication. We'll also talk about chemotherapeutic drugs ...
Julia2
... Oral Drugs vs. Nonoral Drugs: Physical Properties Property distribution means, medians, and p-values were calculated for the mean values of the oral drugs with the other groups ...
... Oral Drugs vs. Nonoral Drugs: Physical Properties Property distribution means, medians, and p-values were calculated for the mean values of the oral drugs with the other groups ...
17-19
... considerable attention, largely because this isoenzyme is the major route of metabolism for cyclosporine as well as for other frequently used drugs which can therefore inhibit the metabolism of cyclosporine. Enzyme induction — Although the preceding discussion has emphasized the potential importance ...
... considerable attention, largely because this isoenzyme is the major route of metabolism for cyclosporine as well as for other frequently used drugs which can therefore inhibit the metabolism of cyclosporine. Enzyme induction — Although the preceding discussion has emphasized the potential importance ...
Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System #1
... blocking effects • Are generally not sedating, and in some cases cause CNS stimulation • Common adverse effects include nausea, agitation, restlessness, and less frequently seizures ...
... blocking effects • Are generally not sedating, and in some cases cause CNS stimulation • Common adverse effects include nausea, agitation, restlessness, and less frequently seizures ...
Research Template - UMKC School of Medicine
... situations and polypharmacy, such as those found in patients with PG. ...
... situations and polypharmacy, such as those found in patients with PG. ...
gtbtn07USA229
... its over-the-counter (OTC) labelling regulations and the tentative final monograph (TFM) for OTC internal analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-rheumatic (IAAA) drug products to include new warnings and other labelling requirements advising consumers about potential risks and when to consult a doctor. FD ...
... its over-the-counter (OTC) labelling regulations and the tentative final monograph (TFM) for OTC internal analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-rheumatic (IAAA) drug products to include new warnings and other labelling requirements advising consumers about potential risks and when to consult a doctor. FD ...
Central nervous system (CNS) research is highly dependent
... phenotypical effects of drugs on the central nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster offers many advantages in efficiency. Comparisons between the fly and human genomes indicate a high degree of conservation in fundamental biological pathways. Large-scale pharmacological screens of drugs are possi ...
... phenotypical effects of drugs on the central nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster offers many advantages in efficiency. Comparisons between the fly and human genomes indicate a high degree of conservation in fundamental biological pathways. Large-scale pharmacological screens of drugs are possi ...
Introduction to Pharmacology
... serum level is achieved (therapeutic level) or some toxic effects appear Such studies are conducted in hospital If no side effects result from single dose, multiple dose studies should be initiated =bioavailability-bioequivalence studies ...
... serum level is achieved (therapeutic level) or some toxic effects appear Such studies are conducted in hospital If no side effects result from single dose, multiple dose studies should be initiated =bioavailability-bioequivalence studies ...
CNS Depressants GABA Receptor Complex Barbiturates
... • Benzos are being replaced by safer, more selective drugs for many, if not most, of their therapeutic uses. • Use for anxiety now being replaced by antidepressants (& sometimes other drugs) – more than a 50% decrease in benzo prescriptions • Use for insomnia decreasing as well • BUT: Swing to new d ...
... • Benzos are being replaced by safer, more selective drugs for many, if not most, of their therapeutic uses. • Use for anxiety now being replaced by antidepressants (& sometimes other drugs) – more than a 50% decrease in benzo prescriptions • Use for insomnia decreasing as well • BUT: Swing to new d ...
100908 Gen Pharm (pt 2).
... Drugs bind to proteins • Albumen is one of the chief proteins in the blood available for binding with drugs. • When a pt. Is malnourished, albumen is low. • What significance does this have re; drug ...
... Drugs bind to proteins • Albumen is one of the chief proteins in the blood available for binding with drugs. • When a pt. Is malnourished, albumen is low. • What significance does this have re; drug ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.