GENERAL FARMACOLOGY
... - The influence of food on absorption: slowing due to changes in pH, increasing intestinal motility, or formation of complexes that are not absorbed. - Low bioavailability as a consequence of first-pass metabolism inactivation of the mucous membrane enzymes of small intestine and liver before enteri ...
... - The influence of food on absorption: slowing due to changes in pH, increasing intestinal motility, or formation of complexes that are not absorbed. - Low bioavailability as a consequence of first-pass metabolism inactivation of the mucous membrane enzymes of small intestine and liver before enteri ...
pmcjcr/ pharmacokinetics
... Tetracycline t1/2 = 8 hours 500mg loading dose followed by 250mg every 8 hours ...
... Tetracycline t1/2 = 8 hours 500mg loading dose followed by 250mg every 8 hours ...
Drug interaction of plasma protein binding
... The fraction of drug binding to plasma protein to amount of drug in the body: The extent of combination of drugs with plasma protein differs, which is usually expressed by the ratio of the concentration of bound drug over total drug in the body, i.e., PPBR. ...
... The fraction of drug binding to plasma protein to amount of drug in the body: The extent of combination of drugs with plasma protein differs, which is usually expressed by the ratio of the concentration of bound drug over total drug in the body, i.e., PPBR. ...
药理概论1
... repeated drug administration. Psychologic dependence is manifested by compulsive drugseeking behavior. Physiologic dependence is present when withdrawal of drug produces symptoms and signs. Drug addiction is defined as the compulsive, out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences. D ...
... repeated drug administration. Psychologic dependence is manifested by compulsive drugseeking behavior. Physiologic dependence is present when withdrawal of drug produces symptoms and signs. Drug addiction is defined as the compulsive, out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences. D ...
Module 10
... consequences of ingesting large amounts of alcohol is slowed reaction time, memory loss (blackouts), language disruptions (slurred speech), and uncoordinated physical movements (a ...
... consequences of ingesting large amounts of alcohol is slowed reaction time, memory loss (blackouts), language disruptions (slurred speech), and uncoordinated physical movements (a ...
Frequently – Asked Questions (FAQ)
... are in your body they have the innate ability to remain up to 3 days. The timing given here is only a general guideline. Ultimately, the timing varies with each user. ...
... are in your body they have the innate ability to remain up to 3 days. The timing given here is only a general guideline. Ultimately, the timing varies with each user. ...
Uppers Downers & All Arounders
... – Excretion is the process of elimination of those substances from the body – Chief organs of excretion are the kidneys via the Urethra • Other pathways of excretion is the sweat glands, & lungs ...
... – Excretion is the process of elimination of those substances from the body – Chief organs of excretion are the kidneys via the Urethra • Other pathways of excretion is the sweat glands, & lungs ...
Drug - Weld RE-4 School District
... – A condition in which a person’s body becomes used to the effect of a medicine and needs greater and greater amounts of it in order for it to be effective ...
... – A condition in which a person’s body becomes used to the effect of a medicine and needs greater and greater amounts of it in order for it to be effective ...
Microbiology- Ch. 12- Antimicrobial Therapy
... • Etest® is a predefined, stable gradient of 15 antibiotic concentrations on a plastic strip. Using innovative dry chemistry technology, Etest® is used to determine the on-scale Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antibiotics, antifungal agents and anti-mycobacterial agents. ...
... • Etest® is a predefined, stable gradient of 15 antibiotic concentrations on a plastic strip. Using innovative dry chemistry technology, Etest® is used to determine the on-scale Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antibiotics, antifungal agents and anti-mycobacterial agents. ...
Antimycobacterial drugs
... Breast feeding is not contraindication to receive drugs , but caution should be observed. ...
... Breast feeding is not contraindication to receive drugs , but caution should be observed. ...
Understanding Pharmacokinetics & Drug-Drug Interactions
... Interactions that happen through CYP enzymes are either based on enzyme induction or inhibition Induction: Drug A induces the body to produce more of an enzyme which metabolized Drug B This reduces the amount of drug B, which may lead to loss of drug B’s effectiveness ...
... Interactions that happen through CYP enzymes are either based on enzyme induction or inhibition Induction: Drug A induces the body to produce more of an enzyme which metabolized Drug B This reduces the amount of drug B, which may lead to loss of drug B’s effectiveness ...
Oral pharmaceutical composition
... controlled drug delivery through site specific release of marketed or novel pharmaceutical products. ...
... controlled drug delivery through site specific release of marketed or novel pharmaceutical products. ...
ANTIMICOBACTERIAL DRUGS
... resistance to single-drug therapy. Three or four drugs are used in the 'initial phase' for the first 2 months to rapidly reduce the bacterial population until bacterial sensitivities are known, when treatment is continued with two drugs for a further 6 months ('continuation phase') to ...
... resistance to single-drug therapy. Three or four drugs are used in the 'initial phase' for the first 2 months to rapidly reduce the bacterial population until bacterial sensitivities are known, when treatment is continued with two drugs for a further 6 months ('continuation phase') to ...
FEDERAL REGULATIONS OF MEDICATIONS
... A statement of the drug’s identity in terms of its established name and quantity and portion of each active ingredient. 2 A declaration of net quantity. 3 A statement of the usual dosage. 4 The federal caution legend. 5 The route of administration if it is not for oral use. 6 If it is a habit formin ...
... A statement of the drug’s identity in terms of its established name and quantity and portion of each active ingredient. 2 A declaration of net quantity. 3 A statement of the usual dosage. 4 The federal caution legend. 5 The route of administration if it is not for oral use. 6 If it is a habit formin ...
Pharmacy 451 Lecture 2 & 3
... A statement of the drug’s identity in terms of its established name and quantity and portion of each active ingredient. 2 A declaration of net quantity. 3 A statement of the usual dosage. 4 The federal caution legend. 5 The route of administration if it is not for oral use. 6 If it is a habit formin ...
... A statement of the drug’s identity in terms of its established name and quantity and portion of each active ingredient. 2 A declaration of net quantity. 3 A statement of the usual dosage. 4 The federal caution legend. 5 The route of administration if it is not for oral use. 6 If it is a habit formin ...
atorvastatin + amlodipine
... the other drug. Even if all conceivable dose ratios were commercially available (which is not the case for the fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin + amlodipine (see above)), it would increase the risk of confusion for prescribers, pharmacists and patients alike. What hard evidence is there that a ...
... the other drug. Even if all conceivable dose ratios were commercially available (which is not the case for the fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin + amlodipine (see above)), it would increase the risk of confusion for prescribers, pharmacists and patients alike. What hard evidence is there that a ...
Autacoid Drugs Major autacoids
... Aminophylline is a bronchodilator. It is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate. Aminophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which rais ...
... Aminophylline is a bronchodilator. It is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate. Aminophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which rais ...
Selected module tests in Pharmacology
... 16. The main way of enteral administration of drugs is: A. Oral. B. By injection. C. Rectal. D. Permucоus. 17. Point out the incorrect statement: A. The drug distribution in the organism depends on the way they are applied, their pK and organ perfusion. B. AUC means “area under the curve” time/conce ...
... 16. The main way of enteral administration of drugs is: A. Oral. B. By injection. C. Rectal. D. Permucоus. 17. Point out the incorrect statement: A. The drug distribution in the organism depends on the way they are applied, their pK and organ perfusion. B. AUC means “area under the curve” time/conce ...
Risk List for Informed Consent
... The drugs used in this study may have side effects, some of which are listed below. Please note that these lists do not include all the side effects seen with these drugs. These lists include the more serious or common side effects with a known or possible relationship. If you have questions concern ...
... The drugs used in this study may have side effects, some of which are listed below. Please note that these lists do not include all the side effects seen with these drugs. These lists include the more serious or common side effects with a known or possible relationship. If you have questions concern ...
A: There are only a small number of drugs that have unique side
... Relative to your distress about people not listening to your history, all you can do is keep a list of all drugs that have caused you problems. Call them “allergies,” even if they are really “sensitivities,” because all U.S. medical providers do ask about and consider a new patient’s “List of Drug A ...
... Relative to your distress about people not listening to your history, all you can do is keep a list of all drugs that have caused you problems. Call them “allergies,” even if they are really “sensitivities,” because all U.S. medical providers do ask about and consider a new patient’s “List of Drug A ...
L-Viava 1 g/10 ml 10 Vials of 10 ml
... The administration of L-Viava in patients with diabetes mellitus may lead to the development of hypoglycemia as a result of improvement in glucose uptake. Therefore, blood glucose level should be regularly monitored and where it is necessary to carry out the dosage adjustment of hypoglycemic drugs a ...
... The administration of L-Viava in patients with diabetes mellitus may lead to the development of hypoglycemia as a result of improvement in glucose uptake. Therefore, blood glucose level should be regularly monitored and where it is necessary to carry out the dosage adjustment of hypoglycemic drugs a ...
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
... 1-Free form: active, diffusible, available for biotransformation and excretion. 2-Bound form (mainly to albumin): inert, non-diffusible, not available for metabolism and excretion. It acts as a reservoir for drug. Binding to plasma proteins is reversible Significance of binding to plasma proteins: ...
... 1-Free form: active, diffusible, available for biotransformation and excretion. 2-Bound form (mainly to albumin): inert, non-diffusible, not available for metabolism and excretion. It acts as a reservoir for drug. Binding to plasma proteins is reversible Significance of binding to plasma proteins: ...
TRANSPORT OF DRUGS
... a. Due to acid pH… i. Weak bases are not be absorbed from the stomach because conc. of uncharged base will be very low ii. Weak acids can be absorbed from stomach 5. SMALL INTESTINE a. Due to its very large surface area, the SI is the major site of absorption for almost all drugs administered orally ...
... a. Due to acid pH… i. Weak bases are not be absorbed from the stomach because conc. of uncharged base will be very low ii. Weak acids can be absorbed from stomach 5. SMALL INTESTINE a. Due to its very large surface area, the SI is the major site of absorption for almost all drugs administered orally ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.