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Chapter 4 Test Question Topics
Chapter 4 Test Question Topics

... 1- Know the definitions of the ground state and the excited states of an atom. 2- What must occur for an atom to move from the ground to the excited state or from the excited to the ground state? 3- Know the definitions of an electron cloud and an atomic nucleus. 4- What determines the size and shap ...
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Ionization



Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with sub atomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules and ions, or through the interaction with light. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
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