Exam 2
... Which one of the following could be used as the second half cell so that the polarity of the electrode in this second half cell is positive? A. a lead electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Pb2+(aq) B. a silver electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Ag+(aq) C. an iron electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Fe2+(aq) D ...
... Which one of the following could be used as the second half cell so that the polarity of the electrode in this second half cell is positive? A. a lead electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Pb2+(aq) B. a silver electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Ag+(aq) C. an iron electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Fe2+(aq) D ...
Aqueous chemistry is a very important component to laboratory
... (conductors of electricity) are placed in a solution and connected to a battery, the cations will migrate through the solution to the negatively charged electrode and the anions will migrate towards the positively charged electrode. If a light bulb is inserted into the circuit, the bulb will light u ...
... (conductors of electricity) are placed in a solution and connected to a battery, the cations will migrate through the solution to the negatively charged electrode and the anions will migrate towards the positively charged electrode. If a light bulb is inserted into the circuit, the bulb will light u ...
quant6stoichiom
... - convert mass to moles - use ratio to get desired reactants/products in moles - convert moles to desired units ex. A fuel mixture of hydrazine, N2H4, and dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 was used to launch a lunar module. These two compounds react to form nitrogen gas and water vapour. If 150.0g of hydra ...
... - convert mass to moles - use ratio to get desired reactants/products in moles - convert moles to desired units ex. A fuel mixture of hydrazine, N2H4, and dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 was used to launch a lunar module. These two compounds react to form nitrogen gas and water vapour. If 150.0g of hydra ...
Review AGº = -RTlnKº Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc at 25 ºC
... Hess’s Law: ΔH for a process is equal to the sum of ΔH for any set of steps, i.e., for any path that equals the overall process. (also works for ΔG and ΔS because they are state functions, too) Often the steps are the formation reactions to make substances in their standard states. The ΔH°f , S° , a ...
... Hess’s Law: ΔH for a process is equal to the sum of ΔH for any set of steps, i.e., for any path that equals the overall process. (also works for ΔG and ΔS because they are state functions, too) Often the steps are the formation reactions to make substances in their standard states. The ΔH°f , S° , a ...
Chemical reaction model:
... Reactions (14) and (15) are not elementary reactions but involved many steps. But for completeness and to be brief we have added the reactions in the final form. Further the species involved in these reactions are ones that are involved only in those reactions and do not affect other elementary step ...
... Reactions (14) and (15) are not elementary reactions but involved many steps. But for completeness and to be brief we have added the reactions in the final form. Further the species involved in these reactions are ones that are involved only in those reactions and do not affect other elementary step ...
Final Review 2006
... ____ 31. A solid produced by a chemical reaction in solution that separates from the solution is called a. a precipitate. c. a molecule. b. a reactant. d. the mass of the product. ____ 32. After the correct formula for a reactant in an equation has been written, the a. subscripts are adjusted to bal ...
... ____ 31. A solid produced by a chemical reaction in solution that separates from the solution is called a. a precipitate. c. a molecule. b. a reactant. d. the mass of the product. ____ 32. After the correct formula for a reactant in an equation has been written, the a. subscripts are adjusted to bal ...
Chapter 20: Electrochemistry
... Batteries take advantage of redox reactions where the oxidants and the reductants can be physically separated. These often occur in acidic and basic environments and so you will need to be able to balance ½ rxns in both Acidic and ...
... Batteries take advantage of redox reactions where the oxidants and the reductants can be physically separated. These often occur in acidic and basic environments and so you will need to be able to balance ½ rxns in both Acidic and ...
Practice problem chap3 1. The atomic mass of 35Cl (75.53%) and
... 2. What is the mass percent (%) for O in SO2? (a) 38.09 (b) 45.41 (c) 50.00 (d) 53.86 (e) 56.43 3. How many molecules of ethane (C2H6) are present in 0.334g of C2H6?How many H atoms? 4. Chemical analysis shows the composition of a compound containing carbon and hydrogen, to be 80.00% carbon and 20% ...
... 2. What is the mass percent (%) for O in SO2? (a) 38.09 (b) 45.41 (c) 50.00 (d) 53.86 (e) 56.43 3. How many molecules of ethane (C2H6) are present in 0.334g of C2H6?How many H atoms? 4. Chemical analysis shows the composition of a compound containing carbon and hydrogen, to be 80.00% carbon and 20% ...
Topic 16 Some non-metals and their compounds notes
... increase the cost. Higher temperatures incur greater fuel costs. ...
... increase the cost. Higher temperatures incur greater fuel costs. ...
Spring 2017 - Ventura College Chemistry, Malia Rose-Seisa
... Please feel free to stop by my office at any time as I am more than happy to help whenever I can. Let me know if you wish to set up an appointment for additional help. I am also very available via e-mail and iMessage, even during off hours, so please contact me whenever you have questions or concern ...
... Please feel free to stop by my office at any time as I am more than happy to help whenever I can. Let me know if you wish to set up an appointment for additional help. I am also very available via e-mail and iMessage, even during off hours, so please contact me whenever you have questions or concern ...
Complexation Reactions
... C. No. Ammonia is a neutral molecule and cannot can not accept electron density from a Lewis base. D. No. The metal cation cannot accept electron density from a Lewis base. ...
... C. No. Ammonia is a neutral molecule and cannot can not accept electron density from a Lewis base. D. No. The metal cation cannot accept electron density from a Lewis base. ...
know thy reference tables!
... A student, wearing chemical safety goggles and a lab apron, is to perform a laboratory test to determine the pH value of two different solutions. The student is given one bottle containing a solution with a pH of 2.0 and another bottle containing a solution with a pH of 5.0. The student is also give ...
... A student, wearing chemical safety goggles and a lab apron, is to perform a laboratory test to determine the pH value of two different solutions. The student is given one bottle containing a solution with a pH of 2.0 and another bottle containing a solution with a pH of 5.0. The student is also give ...
Solutions
... ‣ Acid-base reactions are reactions between an acid and a base. ‣ Neutralization reactions are irreversible reactions between an acid and a base. ‣ Neutralization reactions produce water. ‣ The irreversible production of water can drive equilibrium forward, the same as precipitate formation. ...
... ‣ Acid-base reactions are reactions between an acid and a base. ‣ Neutralization reactions are irreversible reactions between an acid and a base. ‣ Neutralization reactions produce water. ‣ The irreversible production of water can drive equilibrium forward, the same as precipitate formation. ...
full text - pdf 452 kB
... The AH and AC' values for reactions (6) and (7) are shown in Fig. 5 (1 1, 14). The AH values do not change significantly with temperature and the AC, values are small for reactions (6) and (7). The AC,, AH, and AS values for the association of K+, Ba2+, and Sr2+ with 18-crown-6 (18C6) are large and ...
... The AH and AC' values for reactions (6) and (7) are shown in Fig. 5 (1 1, 14). The AH values do not change significantly with temperature and the AC, values are small for reactions (6) and (7). The AC,, AH, and AS values for the association of K+, Ba2+, and Sr2+ with 18-crown-6 (18C6) are large and ...
C 3 H 8 (g) - Ms Critchley`s Lab
... • Using a calorimeter for a combustion reaction or or other reaction can often give the ΔHr directly (think about the spirit burners and copper sulphate experiments you have done). • Bond enthalpies can also be used to estimate ΔHr ...
... • Using a calorimeter for a combustion reaction or or other reaction can often give the ΔHr directly (think about the spirit burners and copper sulphate experiments you have done). • Bond enthalpies can also be used to estimate ΔHr ...
Chemical Reactions
... Reversible reactions • Although most chemical reactions are difficult to reverse it is possible to find reactions ranging from irreversible through to the fully reversible. • One of the best known reversible processes is heating copper sulphate. Note the double arrow symbol in the chemical equation ...
... Reversible reactions • Although most chemical reactions are difficult to reverse it is possible to find reactions ranging from irreversible through to the fully reversible. • One of the best known reversible processes is heating copper sulphate. Note the double arrow symbol in the chemical equation ...
Section 11.1 Assessment How many mole ratios can be written for
... determines how much product can form. ...
... determines how much product can form. ...
7.2 Writing Chemical Equations
... substances change in his atomic theory. In a chemical reaction the ways in which the atoms are joined together are changed. As reactants are changed into products, bonds that hold atoms together are broken and new bonds are ...
... substances change in his atomic theory. In a chemical reaction the ways in which the atoms are joined together are changed. As reactants are changed into products, bonds that hold atoms together are broken and new bonds are ...
AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT AP Chemistry is a
... Nonmetals – elements located to the right of the staircase, plus Hydrogen; they share or gain electrons. Nonmetals can be solids, liquid (Br2) or gases. They are brittle and are poor conductors of electricity. Metalloids – elements located on the staircase that have properties of both metals and non ...
... Nonmetals – elements located to the right of the staircase, plus Hydrogen; they share or gain electrons. Nonmetals can be solids, liquid (Br2) or gases. They are brittle and are poor conductors of electricity. Metalloids – elements located on the staircase that have properties of both metals and non ...
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY ERT 108 Semester II 2010
... Standard Enthalpy of Formation Standard Enthalpy of Formation (or Standard Heat of Formation) of a pure substance at T is for the process in which 1 mol of the substance in its standard state at T is formed from the corresponding separated elements at T, each element being in its reference form. ...
... Standard Enthalpy of Formation Standard Enthalpy of Formation (or Standard Heat of Formation) of a pure substance at T is for the process in which 1 mol of the substance in its standard state at T is formed from the corresponding separated elements at T, each element being in its reference form. ...
Describing Chemical Reactions
... reaction, the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products. In an open system, matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings. A match burning in the air is an example of an open system. You cannot measure the mass of all the reactants and products in an open system. A ...
... reaction, the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products. In an open system, matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings. A match burning in the air is an example of an open system. You cannot measure the mass of all the reactants and products in an open system. A ...
qp13 - Smart Edu Hub
... Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and re ...
... Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and re ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.