Homework,1 Atoms, molecules, and ions
... If you start with 1.00 mole each of both A and B, which chemical will be in excess at the end, and by how much (assuming the reaction goes to completion)? a) A is in excess by 0.333 mol. b) B is in excess by 0.333 mol. c) B is in excess by 0.250 mol. d) Neither A nor B is in excess, because the reac ...
... If you start with 1.00 mole each of both A and B, which chemical will be in excess at the end, and by how much (assuming the reaction goes to completion)? a) A is in excess by 0.333 mol. b) B is in excess by 0.333 mol. c) B is in excess by 0.250 mol. d) Neither A nor B is in excess, because the reac ...
- Catalyst
... another weak acid) and an aqueous salt – Acid: proton-donor; Base: proton-acceptor • Oxidation-Reduction: electron transfer reactions – electron transfer from one species to another, causing a change in the oxidation state of the two species – OIL RIG: Oxidation Is Loss (of e-), Reduction Is Gain (o ...
... another weak acid) and an aqueous salt – Acid: proton-donor; Base: proton-acceptor • Oxidation-Reduction: electron transfer reactions – electron transfer from one species to another, causing a change in the oxidation state of the two species – OIL RIG: Oxidation Is Loss (of e-), Reduction Is Gain (o ...
Hein and Arena - faculty at Chemeketa
... equilibrium, the system will respond in such a way as to relieve that stress and restore equilibrium under a new set of conditions. ...
... equilibrium, the system will respond in such a way as to relieve that stress and restore equilibrium under a new set of conditions. ...
How to Assign Oxidation Numbers
... • The oxidation state is zero for any element in its free state. • The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is the electric charge on the ion. All group IA elements form ions with a single positive charge, group IIA elements form 2+ ions and the halogens form –1 ions. • Fluorine always has an oxidatio ...
... • The oxidation state is zero for any element in its free state. • The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is the electric charge on the ion. All group IA elements form ions with a single positive charge, group IIA elements form 2+ ions and the halogens form –1 ions. • Fluorine always has an oxidatio ...
Kinetics and Equilibrium Review Page 1
... Kinetics and Equilibrium Review 35. When AgNO3(aq) is mixed with NaCl(aq), a reaction occurs which tends to go to completion and not reach equilibrium because A) a gas is formed B) water is formed C) a weak acid is formed D) a precipitate is formed 36. The vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temp ...
... Kinetics and Equilibrium Review 35. When AgNO3(aq) is mixed with NaCl(aq), a reaction occurs which tends to go to completion and not reach equilibrium because A) a gas is formed B) water is formed C) a weak acid is formed D) a precipitate is formed 36. The vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temp ...
Slide 1 of 24
... Propane gas reacts with oxygen to produce water vapor and carbon dioxide. Choose the correct word equation for this reaction. A. propane + carbon dioxide → water + oxygen B. propane + oxygen + water → carbon dioxide C. propane + oxygen + water + carbon dioxide D. propane + oxygen → water + carbon ...
... Propane gas reacts with oxygen to produce water vapor and carbon dioxide. Choose the correct word equation for this reaction. A. propane + carbon dioxide → water + oxygen B. propane + oxygen + water → carbon dioxide C. propane + oxygen + water + carbon dioxide D. propane + oxygen → water + carbon ...
American-Journal-of-Oil-and-Chemical-Technologies
... According to research conducted in our research group on the pyridinedicarboxylatefamily due to their various applications, we decided to oxygenate nitrogen of pyridine ring of pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid as N-oxide to investigate synthesis, coordination modes, and structure types of these compou ...
... According to research conducted in our research group on the pyridinedicarboxylatefamily due to their various applications, we decided to oxygenate nitrogen of pyridine ring of pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid as N-oxide to investigate synthesis, coordination modes, and structure types of these compou ...
2 C2H6 (g)
... E. C (graphite) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + heat F. CH4 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + heat Question 27 of 28 Based on their descriptions, classify these chemical changes as endothermic or exothermic. A. A chemical change takes place in a container, making it feel cold to the touch. B. Burning wood C. ...
... E. C (graphite) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + heat F. CH4 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + heat Question 27 of 28 Based on their descriptions, classify these chemical changes as endothermic or exothermic. A. A chemical change takes place in a container, making it feel cold to the touch. B. Burning wood C. ...
4. chemical kinetics
... The reactions with molecularity greater than or equal to 2 but order is one are called Pseudo unimolecular or Pseudo first order reactions. Eg : i) Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in acid medium. ii) Inversion of cane sugar. Difference between molecularity and order of reaction: Molecularity ...
... The reactions with molecularity greater than or equal to 2 but order is one are called Pseudo unimolecular or Pseudo first order reactions. Eg : i) Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in acid medium. ii) Inversion of cane sugar. Difference between molecularity and order of reaction: Molecularity ...
Elements, Compounds and Chemical Reactions
... Chemical properties cannot be changed without creating a new substance. Whenever a chemical property is changed, the result will be a new substance with new chemical properties. For example: ...
... Chemical properties cannot be changed without creating a new substance. Whenever a chemical property is changed, the result will be a new substance with new chemical properties. For example: ...
Covalent bonding
... Why only period 3 and beyond? Can NH5 exist? Covalent Bond Strength The bond dissociation energy D is defined as the energy required to break 1 mol of a specific bond in a gaseous substance, e.g., ...
... Why only period 3 and beyond? Can NH5 exist? Covalent Bond Strength The bond dissociation energy D is defined as the energy required to break 1 mol of a specific bond in a gaseous substance, e.g., ...
CHE-310 Organic Chemistry I_
... For alkyl halides, alcohols and ethers, be able to name compounds correctly (nomenclature). Where necessay, be able to specify congiguration in the name. Know the two new mechanisms that we have learned in these chapters: SN2, SN1. Know which mechanisms go with which reactions under which conditions ...
... For alkyl halides, alcohols and ethers, be able to name compounds correctly (nomenclature). Where necessay, be able to specify congiguration in the name. Know the two new mechanisms that we have learned in these chapters: SN2, SN1. Know which mechanisms go with which reactions under which conditions ...
South Pasadena • AP Chemistry
... 5. What three things must be taken into account when determining if a reaction has enough energy to overcome the activation energy (Ea)? 6. What does a catalyst do to a reaction? Explain. Something that is added to a reaction to speed up the reaction – it lowers the activation energy (energy necessa ...
... 5. What three things must be taken into account when determining if a reaction has enough energy to overcome the activation energy (Ea)? 6. What does a catalyst do to a reaction? Explain. Something that is added to a reaction to speed up the reaction – it lowers the activation energy (energy necessa ...
Pauling Scale of Electronegativities for the Various Elements
... ion and the central element may act as the oxidizing agent, the concentration of the acid determineswhether the major reaction involves the hydrogen ion or the central element. Concentrated solutions favor reaction of the central element; dilute solutions favor reaction of the proton. ...
... ion and the central element may act as the oxidizing agent, the concentration of the acid determineswhether the major reaction involves the hydrogen ion or the central element. Concentrated solutions favor reaction of the central element; dilute solutions favor reaction of the proton. ...
Wk-11-14
... •Earlier we said "Let one atom of H have 1 atomic mass unit" •Now, we have a problem, because H has 3 isotopes: •So.....we cannot use "hydrogen" as it usually exists (mixed isotopes) for our mass standard. •We must purify it. •Easier to purify carbon, so carbon became the mass standard: ...
... •Earlier we said "Let one atom of H have 1 atomic mass unit" •Now, we have a problem, because H has 3 isotopes: •So.....we cannot use "hydrogen" as it usually exists (mixed isotopes) for our mass standard. •We must purify it. •Easier to purify carbon, so carbon became the mass standard: ...
MOLES, MASS, and VOLUME OF A GAS
... the properties are more like chemical A b) the properties are more like chemical B ...
... the properties are more like chemical A b) the properties are more like chemical B ...
Simple Chemical Reactions
... Chemicals you will use 40 cm3 Industrial denatured alcohol (IDA is highly flammable) If you are planning on using alternative fuels contact SSERC first for advice. ...
... Chemicals you will use 40 cm3 Industrial denatured alcohol (IDA is highly flammable) If you are planning on using alternative fuels contact SSERC first for advice. ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.