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Section 11.1 Defining Stoichiometry • Describe the types of relationships indicated by a balanced chemical equation. • State the mole ratios from a balanced chemical equation. reactant: the starting substance in a chemical reaction stoichiometry mole ratio The amount of each reactant present at the start of a chemical reaction determines how much product can form. Particle and Mole Relationships • Chemical reactions stop when one of the reactants is used up. • Stoichiometry is the study of quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants used and amounts of products formed by a chemical reaction. Particle and Mole Relationships (cont.) • Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass. • The mass of reactants equals the mass of the products. Particle and Mole Relationships (cont.) Example 1 Geologists test for calcium carbonate in rocks using a hydrochloric acid solution. Bubbling indicates the release of carbon dioxide from the limestone according to the following: CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Interpret this equation in terms of representative particles, moles & mass. Show that the law of the conservation of mass is observed. Example 1 Representative particles: from the balanced equation, how many of each (formula units, molecules and/or atoms)? Moles: from the balanced equation, how many of each? Mass: from the balanced equation, convert known mole quantities to mass of products total & compare to mass of reactants total, should be equal. Particle and Mole Relationships (cont.) • A mole ratio is a ratio between the numbers of moles of any two substances in a balanced equation. • The number of mole ratios that can be written for any equation is (n)(n – 1) where n is the number of species in the chemical reaction. Example 2 Consider the following reaction: 2K(s) + Br2(l) 2KBr (s) How many mole ratios can be written for this reaction? (n)(n – 1) (3)(3-1) = 6 What are the possible mole ratios? Section 11.1 Assessment Which of the following is a correct mole ratio for the following equation? 2Al(s) + 3Br2(l) → 2AlBr3(s) A. 2 mol Al : 3 mol Br A 0% D D. 2 mol Br : 2 mol Al C C. 2 mol AlBr3 : 1 mol Br2 A. A B. B C. C 0% 0% 0% D. D B B. 3 mol Br2 : 2 mol Al Section 11.1 Assessment How many mole ratios can be written for the following reaction? 4H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) A. 6 A 0% D D. 2 C C. 3 A. A B. B C. C 0% 0% 0% D. D B B. 4