Comparative analysis of cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP synthesis
... value by which AT1.03 ratio decreases in glucose-free buffer (on average, 38.0 ± 1.0%). Similarly to Gluc removal, re-addition of Gluc had little effect on m (Figure 2A, red trace). This lack of effect cannot be attributed to insufficient sensitivity of the TMRM imaging assay, because blockade of ...
... value by which AT1.03 ratio decreases in glucose-free buffer (on average, 38.0 ± 1.0%). Similarly to Gluc removal, re-addition of Gluc had little effect on m (Figure 2A, red trace). This lack of effect cannot be attributed to insufficient sensitivity of the TMRM imaging assay, because blockade of ...
Chapter 1 - York University
... so it is evident that hydrogen transfer cannot occur without electron transfer. The movement of electrons in Equation 1.2 is less obvious. It occurs because oxygen is an element which attracts electrons more strongly than carbon and accordingly the electrons in CO2 are displaced, to some extent, tow ...
... so it is evident that hydrogen transfer cannot occur without electron transfer. The movement of electrons in Equation 1.2 is less obvious. It occurs because oxygen is an element which attracts electrons more strongly than carbon and accordingly the electrons in CO2 are displaced, to some extent, tow ...
Module 2 General principles of metabolism. Мetabolism of carbohy
... E. * All reactions produce some heat. 17. Active holoenzymes are formed from ____________ in the presence of _________. A. Cofactors; proteins B. Proteins; cofactors C. * Apoenzymes; cofactors D. Apoenzymes; proteins E. Apoenzymes; inactive holoenzymes 18. An allosteric inhibitor of an enzyme usual ...
... E. * All reactions produce some heat. 17. Active holoenzymes are formed from ____________ in the presence of _________. A. Cofactors; proteins B. Proteins; cofactors C. * Apoenzymes; cofactors D. Apoenzymes; proteins E. Apoenzymes; inactive holoenzymes 18. An allosteric inhibitor of an enzyme usual ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... case with no coupling between the two processes. The second step must have a large activation barrier, making the reaction very slow. (B) The actual case with the two reactions coupled through a thioester intermediate. The thioester intermediate is more stable than the reactant, and hence, its forma ...
... case with no coupling between the two processes. The second step must have a large activation barrier, making the reaction very slow. (B) The actual case with the two reactions coupled through a thioester intermediate. The thioester intermediate is more stable than the reactant, and hence, its forma ...
Being right on Q: shaping eukaryotic evolution
... NADH import into mitochondria, using the aspartate/malate shuttle, occurs. Saturated long-chain FAs represent a maximum, approaching 0.5 (one molecule of FADH2 per two NADH molecules); all others falling somewhere in between [5]. When discussing F/N ratios, a possible point of confusion has to be ad ...
... NADH import into mitochondria, using the aspartate/malate shuttle, occurs. Saturated long-chain FAs represent a maximum, approaching 0.5 (one molecule of FADH2 per two NADH molecules); all others falling somewhere in between [5]. When discussing F/N ratios, a possible point of confusion has to be ad ...
Harvesting Far-Red Light by Chlorophyll f in Photosystems I and II of
... PC/APC (at around 658 nm) and PSII Chl a (684 nm) and a shoulder at 715 nm of PSI Chl a (red line in Fig. 2a). The peak wavelengths of bands were estimated based on the 2nd derivative spectra calculated from the emission spectra. The three shorter-wavelength bands of PE, PC/APC and Chl a (684 nm) ca ...
... PC/APC (at around 658 nm) and PSII Chl a (684 nm) and a shoulder at 715 nm of PSI Chl a (red line in Fig. 2a). The peak wavelengths of bands were estimated based on the 2nd derivative spectra calculated from the emission spectra. The three shorter-wavelength bands of PE, PC/APC and Chl a (684 nm) ca ...
Chapter 18 Glycolysis
... • Coupled reactions convert some some, but not all all, of the metabolic energy of glucose into ATP • Under U d cellular ll l conditions, diti approximately i t l 50% of the energy of released from glycolysis ...
... • Coupled reactions convert some some, but not all all, of the metabolic energy of glucose into ATP • Under U d cellular ll l conditions, diti approximately i t l 50% of the energy of released from glycolysis ...
CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2
... What is the ATP yield from oxidation of palmitate? •8 acetyl CoA enter citric acid cycle and give: •24 NADH = 72 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) •8 FADH2 = 16 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) •8 GTP = 8 ATP •7 NADH generated by beta oxidation itself = 21 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) •7 FA ...
... What is the ATP yield from oxidation of palmitate? •8 acetyl CoA enter citric acid cycle and give: •24 NADH = 72 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) •8 FADH2 = 16 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) •8 GTP = 8 ATP •7 NADH generated by beta oxidation itself = 21 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) •7 FA ...
Analysis of structural robustness of metabolic
... (e.g. spontaneous mutations). For example, many knockout mutants of micro-organisms are still able to grow, some with almost the same growth rate as the wild type. This has been shown, for example, by a systematic study on single knockout mutants of virtually all genes in baker’s yeast [1, 2]. In ma ...
... (e.g. spontaneous mutations). For example, many knockout mutants of micro-organisms are still able to grow, some with almost the same growth rate as the wild type. This has been shown, for example, by a systematic study on single knockout mutants of virtually all genes in baker’s yeast [1, 2]. In ma ...
thèse - Université Evry Val d`Essonne
... of proto-mitochondrion formation with respect to the formation of the nucleus: either the endosimbiosis occurred at the same time as the formation of the eukaryotic cell, or it arrived only after the ancestral cell was already essentially eukaryotic. 1.1. The archaezoan scenario The archaezoan scen ...
... of proto-mitochondrion formation with respect to the formation of the nucleus: either the endosimbiosis occurred at the same time as the formation of the eukaryotic cell, or it arrived only after the ancestral cell was already essentially eukaryotic. 1.1. The archaezoan scenario The archaezoan scen ...
A Theoretical Analysis of NADPH Production and
... plant and fungal mitochondria (Palmer & Msller, 1982). The quantitative importance of this process in vivo is unknown. N A DPH-producing processes in yeasts The localization of NADPH-producing processes in the yeast cell is an important parameter since, as mentioned above, most NADPH-consuming proce ...
... plant and fungal mitochondria (Palmer & Msller, 1982). The quantitative importance of this process in vivo is unknown. N A DPH-producing processes in yeasts The localization of NADPH-producing processes in the yeast cell is an important parameter since, as mentioned above, most NADPH-consuming proce ...
Anaerobic and aerobic pathways for salvage of proximal tubules
... respiratory complex I and other inner mitochondrial membrane components. However, there are at least two explanations for the beneficial effects afforded by provision of the substrates only during reoxygenation, and they are not mutually exclusive. One is that the same mechanisms of substrate-level ...
... respiratory complex I and other inner mitochondrial membrane components. However, there are at least two explanations for the beneficial effects afforded by provision of the substrates only during reoxygenation, and they are not mutually exclusive. One is that the same mechanisms of substrate-level ...
Enzyme Mechanisms
... R1R2CH-OH + X R1R2C=O + XH2 R1HC=O + X + OH- R1COO- + XH2 X is usually NAD, NADP, FAD, FMN A few biological redox systems involve metal ions or Fe-S complexes Usually reduced compounds are higher-energy than the corresponding oxidized compounds 11/02/2010 Biochem: Enzyme Mechanisms ...
... R1R2CH-OH + X R1R2C=O + XH2 R1HC=O + X + OH- R1COO- + XH2 X is usually NAD, NADP, FAD, FMN A few biological redox systems involve metal ions or Fe-S complexes Usually reduced compounds are higher-energy than the corresponding oxidized compounds 11/02/2010 Biochem: Enzyme Mechanisms ...
The Role of Organosulfur Compounds in the Growth of PbS
... S/ODE precursor prepared by heating at 180°C for 5 minutes. The region for aliphatic protons alpha to sulfur of NMR spectra for 100 and 5000 molar equivalent samples as well as samples of the pure dots and pure 1-decanethiol are shown in Figure S9. The pure 1-decanethiol sample was exposed to identi ...
... S/ODE precursor prepared by heating at 180°C for 5 minutes. The region for aliphatic protons alpha to sulfur of NMR spectra for 100 and 5000 molar equivalent samples as well as samples of the pure dots and pure 1-decanethiol are shown in Figure S9. The pure 1-decanethiol sample was exposed to identi ...
Identification of a Vinyl Reductase Gene for
... Chlorophyll molecules universally exist in photosynthetic organisms and perform essential processes of harvesting light energy in the antenna systems and by driving electron transfer in the reaction centers (Fromme et al., 2003). According to the number of vinyl side chains, chlorophylls of oxygenic ...
... Chlorophyll molecules universally exist in photosynthetic organisms and perform essential processes of harvesting light energy in the antenna systems and by driving electron transfer in the reaction centers (Fromme et al., 2003). According to the number of vinyl side chains, chlorophylls of oxygenic ...
Enzyme Mechanisms
... R1HC=O + X + OH- R1COO- + XH2 X is usually NAD, NADP, FAD, FMN A few biological redox systems involve metal ions or Fe-S complexes Usually reduced compounds are higher-energy than the corresponding oxidized compounds 11/5/2009 Biochem: Enzymes IV ...
... R1HC=O + X + OH- R1COO- + XH2 X is usually NAD, NADP, FAD, FMN A few biological redox systems involve metal ions or Fe-S complexes Usually reduced compounds are higher-energy than the corresponding oxidized compounds 11/5/2009 Biochem: Enzymes IV ...
Chapter 8
... OAA plus pyruvate together with muscle mince in the absence of oxygen. Because there was no O2 present no oxidative metabolism could occur. They discovered that citrate accumulated in the reaction mixture and thus proposed the conceptually important step in which OAA and pyruvate condensed with one- ...
... OAA plus pyruvate together with muscle mince in the absence of oxygen. Because there was no O2 present no oxidative metabolism could occur. They discovered that citrate accumulated in the reaction mixture and thus proposed the conceptually important step in which OAA and pyruvate condensed with one- ...
Boundless Study Slides
... • allosteric a compound that binds to an inactive site, affecting the activity of an enzyme by changing the conformation of the protein (can activate or deactivate) ...
... • allosteric a compound that binds to an inactive site, affecting the activity of an enzyme by changing the conformation of the protein (can activate or deactivate) ...
Fat Metabolism
... • Transport is rate-limiting • Regulation of carnitine acyl transferase – off by fat synth products – high NADH ...
... • Transport is rate-limiting • Regulation of carnitine acyl transferase – off by fat synth products – high NADH ...
Cu(II)–disulfide complexes display simultaneous superoxide
... superoxide and MnTBAP (9.4 × 105 M−1 s−1) was found to be very similar to that reported in the literature (k ~ 1.5 × 105 M−1 s−1) [38]. Noteworthy, the kinetic rate constant value estimated in the present study for MnTBAP was always lower than the values estimated for each of the studied Cu(II)–RSSR ...
... superoxide and MnTBAP (9.4 × 105 M−1 s−1) was found to be very similar to that reported in the literature (k ~ 1.5 × 105 M−1 s−1) [38]. Noteworthy, the kinetic rate constant value estimated in the present study for MnTBAP was always lower than the values estimated for each of the studied Cu(II)–RSSR ...
The Flow of Excitation Energy in LHCII Monomers: Implications for... Structural Model of the Major Plant Antenna
... approximately one Chl a molecule less than in the monomeric subunits of the intact trimers. In this transient absorption study different Chl a pools were selectively populated by excitation pulses whose center wavelengths (663, 669, 672, 678, and 682 nm) are indicated by arrows in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 sho ...
... approximately one Chl a molecule less than in the monomeric subunits of the intact trimers. In this transient absorption study different Chl a pools were selectively populated by excitation pulses whose center wavelengths (663, 669, 672, 678, and 682 nm) are indicated by arrows in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 sho ...
Part 5 Coenzyme-Dependent Enzyme Mechansims
... • It is not obvious that a-keto acids should decarboxlyate readily, because decaroxylation of these acids would NOT produce a stabilized carbanion • These acids undergo a chemical modification before decarboxylation, which converts them into structures resembling b-keto acids ...
... • It is not obvious that a-keto acids should decarboxlyate readily, because decaroxylation of these acids would NOT produce a stabilized carbanion • These acids undergo a chemical modification before decarboxylation, which converts them into structures resembling b-keto acids ...
Influence of temperature on the dynamics of ATP, ADP and non
... trees. The results of the nucleotides test indicated that endodormancy ended before the end of December (authors’ unpublished data), whereas changes in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio did not occur until after the end of January (Figures 2 and 3). On the other hand, the dynamics of the changes s ...
... trees. The results of the nucleotides test indicated that endodormancy ended before the end of December (authors’ unpublished data), whereas changes in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio did not occur until after the end of January (Figures 2 and 3). On the other hand, the dynamics of the changes s ...
Mechanism of CS, Cont`d
... • It is not obvious that a-keto acids should decarboxlyate readily, because decaroxylation of these acids would NOT produce a stabilized carbanion • These acids undergo a chemical modification before decarboxylation, which converts them into structures resembling b-keto acids ...
... • It is not obvious that a-keto acids should decarboxlyate readily, because decaroxylation of these acids would NOT produce a stabilized carbanion • These acids undergo a chemical modification before decarboxylation, which converts them into structures resembling b-keto acids ...